The top 3 reasons to consider tdls

| June 18, 2020 |
© Yokogawa Electric Corporation
Reducing Cost Pressures in the Chemical Industry
The Top 3 Reasons to
Consider TDLS
Safety, Efficiency, & Reliability
Nathan Bryngelson
June 18, 2020

| June 18, 2020 |
1
Hosts and Presenters
Host Presenter
Nathan Bryngelson
Product Manager
nathan.bryngelson@yokogawa.com
Nicholas Meyer
Chemical Industry Marketing
nicholas.meyer@yokogawa.com
Cherlyn Marlow
Product Marketing Manager
Cherlyn.marlow@yokogawa.com
Presenter

| June 18, 2020 |
2
Top Cost Pressures in the
Chemical Industry

| June 18, 2020 |
Cost Pressures for Chemical Manufactures
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Four key areas to reduce cost and improve bottom line results:
Promote selectivity of
favored products
Reduce waste,
spoilage, leakage
Preserve catalysts and
other treatments
Raw Materials Energy Regulator Productivity
Raw Materials are the
#1 cost for chemical
manufacturers
 Promote selectivity of favored products
 Reduce waste, spoilage, leakage
 Preserve catalysts and other treatments

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Feedstock Utilization
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Raw
material
storage
Feed
preparation
Reaction
Product
separation
Final
product
storage
Recycle material
Ideal scenario:
100% Feedstock is converted into Final Product

| June 18, 2020 |
Feedstock Utilization
Real world scenario:
100% Feedstock is converted into Final Product
Less Spoilage and Leakage
Less By-Product and Waste
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Raw
material
storage
Feed
preparation
Reaction
Product
separation
Product
purification
Final
product
storage
Waste
By-ProductsRecycle material
Spoilage Leakage

| June 18, 2020 |
Example: Ethylene Oxide Production
Reaction challenges:
 Proper ratio air/oxygen to ethylene
 High pressure and consistent temperature control
 Ag catalyst life
6
H2C=CH2
+ ½ O2
+ 3 O2
H2C – CH2
O
2CO2 + 2H2O
Ethylene Oxide
Ethylene

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TDLS Theory and Technology
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| June 18, 2020 |
Why Does the Light Absorb?
 Infrared absorption takes place because of the bonds within
molecules which can absorb energy at specific wavelengths
 If the wavelength frequency matches the natural frequency
of the analyte, or causes a dipole moment change, then
absorption of energy will occur
Symmetrical
stretching
Antisymmetrical
stretching
Scissoring Rocking Wagging Twisting
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| June 18, 2020 |
Correlating the Peak to a Concentration
 Beer-Lambert Law: 𝐴𝐴 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
𝐼𝐼0
𝐼𝐼
= 𝑎𝑎 ∗ 𝑏𝑏 ∗ 𝑐𝑐
 A = Absorption
 I0 = Energy at specific wavelength entering absorption cell
 I = Energy at specific wavelength exiting absorption cell
 a = Absorption coefficient of analyte at specific wavelength
 b = Length of absorption cell
 c = Concentration of analyte
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| June 18, 2020 |
Peak Fine Structure
 Traditional technologies show broad peaks which represent
broad absorption bands
 TDLS offers scanning which is orders of magnitude lower,
enabling users to see more detail
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Traditional Absorption Bands TDLS Absorption Bands

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Advantage Narrow Tuning
 Scanning into regions where there is broad
spectral overlap to find interference free peaks
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Laser Tuning
 Laser temperature is controlled for coarse tuning to a wavelength range
 Current is ramped over 1000 times per second over this coarse range, and light
is absorbed as it passes over the wavelengths where peaks are present
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Current
Time
Laser Transmission
Gain
Time
Detector Signal

| June 18, 2020 |
Laser Tuning
 Laser temperature is controlled for coarse tuning to a wavelength range
 Current is ramped over 1000 times per second over this coarse range, and light
is absorbed as it passes over the wavelengths where peaks are present
 Spectra is then flattened and the image is flipped to yield the peaks traditionally
seen
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| June 18, 2020 |
TDLS8100 Probe Type
In-situ Gas Analyzer
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| June 18, 2020 |
Measured Gases
 O2
 CO/CH4
 CO
 NH3
 HCl
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TDLS8100 w /
YH8000 interface
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| June 18, 2020 |
Modular Design
 Main Components
 Electronics Board Assembly
 Laser Detector Module
 Process Window
 Retroreflector
Laser Detector Module
Electronics Assembly
Retroreflector
Process Window
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| June 18, 2020 |
Process Conditions
 Process Velocity: 3-100 ft/s (1-30 m/s )
 Process Temperature Max: 1112°F (600°C)
 Process Pressure Max: 60 psig (500 kPa abs.)
 Purge Flow Rate: 0.2–2.0 SCFM (1-55 SLPM)
 Application dependent to prevent debris build-up on the
window/retroreflector and act as a thermal barrier
Process flow
Optical Path Length (500mm)
Entering Process Gas Entering Process Gas
Cross-section
Gas flow
17

| June 18, 2020 |
Analyzer Probe Components
Process WindowRetroreflector
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| June 18, 2020 |
Installation and Configuration
 Single flange design allows installation flexibility where cross-duct TDLS technology was not
feasible due to
 Accessibility, obstructions, or budget concerns
 Variety of orientations available
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| June 18, 2020 |
Installation and Configuration
 Different probe lengths are offered for different installations
 L1 length is the overall length from the flange face to probe end
 L2 is insertion length to account for nozzle length, refractory, and
optimal positioning
L1 [m] 0.7 1.0 1.5 2.0
L2 [m] 0.078 0.378 0.878 1.378
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| June 18, 2020 |
Purge Gas Consideration
 Purge gas is required for:
 optics area
 validation area
 process window
 retroreflector
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| June 18, 2020 |
YP8000 Utility Panel
 Yokogawa offers a standard utility panel to provide a convenient way to
house and control all required utility needs in a complete package
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| June 18, 2020 |
Onboard Diagnostics
Analyzer Diagnostics Details
TDLS8100 Storage period up to 50 days of data, spectra, and history files (calibration,
validation, and configuration changes)
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| June 18, 2020 |
Operator Interface
 The YH8000 interface is an industrial, CID2 rated, HMI which can be
used to connect to up to (4) TDLS8000 / TDLS8100 analyzers
simultaneously.
 Free YH8000 software is available to duplicate the YH8000 physical
HMI interface over a network
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| June 18, 2020 |
Inputs/Outputs
 Analog outputs (2) with HART on AO1
 Analog inputs (2) – pressure and temperature
 Temperature input almost always required
 Pressure input required if fluctuation of ±0.725 psig
 Active transmitter power
 Programmable DO
 During warning occurrence, calibration and validation, during maintenance, and
during warm-up
 Digital input (2)
 Execute external alarm, calibration, validation, and stream switching
 Fault DO
 Solenoid valve control for automatic validation
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| June 18, 2020 |
Advantages of TDLS
Technology
26 26

| June 18, 2020 |
Electrochemical Oxygen Analyzers
 Disadvantages
 Sensor is in direct contact with the process
 Halogenated hydrocarbons and sulfides
can cause corrosion and permanent
sensor degradation
 Presence of Hydrogen can cause false low
readings due to oxidation on the cell
consuming oxygen
 From a safety point the heated cell of
Zirconia analyzers can be an explosion
hazard if combustibles are present or there
is a line leak
Zirconia Oxide
Galvanic Cell
27

| June 18, 2020 |
Electrochemical Combustibles Analyzers
 Disadvantages
 Cannot detect combustibles in
oxygen-free environments
 Oxygen must be present for sensor
to function properly
 Measurement response time
 May require sample handling
systems
 Reduced measurement
response time
 Additional maintenance
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| June 18, 2020 |
Paramagnetic General Requirements
 Requires extractive sample with sample handling system
 All H2O must be removed before the analyzer
 Low flow rate of 1 L/min or less
 Background gases effect zero and it must be adjusted
 Requires routine zero and span calibrations
 Non-constant back pressure effects measurement reading
 Requires tight pressure and flow control
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| June 18, 2020 |
Paramagnetic Common Problems
 Sensor is very sensitive to:
 Pressure variations
 Back pressure deviations
 Flow variations
 Condensables
 Over 137 interfering background gases
 Sensor replacement required if:
 Liquid breaks through to the analyzer
 Pressure regulator fails
 Flow regulator fails
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| June 18, 2020 |
TDLS Advantages
 In-situ => no sensor touching process
 No consumables
 No calibration
 Fast response time, no SHS needed
 Interference Free
 Pressure and temperature compensated
 Reduced maintenance and operating costs
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| June 18, 2020 |
TDLS Applications
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| June 18, 2020 |
Combustion Measurement
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| June 18, 2020 |
LOC Measurements
 Limiting Oxygen Concentration is the minimum O2
concentration in a mixture of fuel, air, and an inert gas that
will propagate a flame
Typical LOC Concentrations
 >8% = Lower Explosive Limit (Danger!)
 4-6% = Action steps required
 2-3% = Alarm
 <2% = Acceptable
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| June 18, 2020 |
Where is LOC and Process O2 Measured?
 Storage Tanks
 Vent Headers
 Waste Gas Recovery
 Flare Lines
 Incinerator Feed
 Marine Vapor Recovery
 Reactors
 LOC is measured industry wide
35

| June 18, 2020 |
Power – Ammonia Slip for SCR
 NH3 is commonly injected into flue gas to reduce
NOX emissions.
 Over-injection wastes NH3, creates ammonium
salts which will harm equipment, reduces catalyst
life (SCR), and creates odorous fly-ash.
 The TDLS can measure NH3 in-situ to monitor for
ammonia slip
 This saves reagent, increases catalyst life (SCR),
allows catalyst life to be monitored (SCR), saves
capital equipment by preventing ammonium salt
formation, and ensures that fly-ash can be sold
for byproducts
36

| June 18, 2020 |
37
Conclusion and Wrap-up

| June 18, 2020 |
TDLS8100 Summary
 Single flange design broadens installation flexibility
 In-situ averaging measurement removes sample extraction and
conditioning requirements
 Reduces lag time and isolates analyzer from aggressive process conditions
 Interference free - dynamically adjusts to process upsets and changing
process parameters
 O2, CO/CH4, NH3 and HCl measurements
 SIL2 Certified

| June 18, 2020 |
What Can Yokogawa Offer?
 Combustion Control and Burner Management Systems, up to Complete
Plant Manager and Energy Optimization Suites
 Turnkey Procedural Automation Packages Including Necessary
HMI/Historian Packages
 Mechanical/Electrical Engineering Services and Construction
 Safety Systems
 US based TDLS team
 Local support means timely responses
 Engineers, Chemists, D&E, Service/technicians, Pre-sales support, and
post-sales support all dedicated to TDLS

| June 18, 2020 |
Conclusion: With TDLS Technology You Can…
40
 Increase feedstock utilization by reducing waste
and byproducts.
 Improve combustion efficiency and reduce fuel
consumption.
 Reduce gas emissions associated with burning
fossil fuels.
 Reduce overall maintenance time and reclaim
productivity.

| June 18, 2020 |
Fully Stocked | Fully Staffed | Fully Safe
Yokogawa factories and warehouses are ready to ship!
Need it now?
Call us at (800) 888-6400
 Actively Shipping with
Standard 10 day Lead Times
 Get 2 day shipping with North
America Quick Ship Program
 Transmitters
 Flow Meters
 Gas Analyzers
 Liquid Analyzers
 Data Acquisition Recorders
 Controllers
 Most process instruments are
assembled in the United States.

| June 18, 2020 |
Future Webinar Topics
42
11:00 AM Eastern
8:00 AM Pacific
Thursday
July 30th
Do We Have a Name for the Regulatory Webinar?

| June 18, 2020 |
The names of corporations, organizations, products and logos herein are either registered trademarks or
trademarks of Yokogawa Electric Corporation and their respective holders.
43

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