Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to the Philippines in 1521 with 3 ships remaining after mutinies. He reached the Philippines and engaged in peaceful interactions and religious conversions of local leaders. However, he was killed in the Battle of Mactan against Lapu-Lapu. The expedition continued westward, with one ship returning to Spain and completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. Later expeditions by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in 1542-1546 and Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in 1564-1571 helped establish Spanish settlements and convert more Filipinos to Christianity, with Legaspi founding the settlements of Cebu and Manila which became the capital.

1. SUMMARIZED

2. THE MAGELLAN EXPEDITION
 Ferdinand Magellan – Portuguese
 King Charles I of Spain – 1518
 Could reach Moluccas (Spice Islands) by sailing west
 5 ships
 Trinidad (Flagship)
 Concepcion
 Victoria
 Santiago
 San Antonio

3.  The expedition left port and sailed southward across
the Atlantic – September 20, 1519
 Pernambuco Brazil
 Rio de Janeiro
 Rio dela Plata – Feb 1520

4.  Port St. Juana (Southern tip of America) – mutiny of his
captains took place – March 1520
 Strait to the Pacific Ocean (Strait of Magellan) with 3 ships
remaining.
 Ladrones Islands (Marianas) or “Islas de Landrones” –
March 1521
 Samar – Coming of the 1st Spaniards in the Philippines. –
March 17, 1521

5.  Homonhon Islet
 Limasawa – ruled by Rajah Kulamu
 1st blood compact between Filipinos and Spaniards
 1st mass celebrated by Father Pedro de Valderrama –
March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday)
 Magellan took possession of the islands and called them
Archipelago of St. Lazarus in the name of King Charles.

6.  Cebu – Ruled by Rajah Humabon – April 8, 1521
 A blood compact took place.
 Mass was celebrated
 Magellan’s cross was erected and persuaded the
Cebuanos to become Christians
 Magellan presented Queen Juana an image of the infant
Jesus.
 Rajah Sula asked Magellan’s help to defeat Lapulapu

7.  Mactan – April 28, 1521
 Battle of Mactan
 Magellan was defeated by Lapulapu
 Spaniards left after Magellan was defeated
 Victoria successfully returned to Spain commanded by
Sebastian del Cano.
 Antonio Pigaffeta – chronicler of Magellan

8. THE VILLALOBOS EXPEDITION
 Conflict between Spain and Portugal over the
possession of the Moluccas.
 Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Zaragoza
 Portugal won possession of the Moluccas after paying
Spain the sum of 350, 000 gold ducats.
 Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
 6 ships
 Left Mexico – November 1, 1542

9.  Mindanao – Feb. 1543
 Villalobos sent Bernardo dela Torre to get some food.
 Tandaya (Samar)
 Named the islands of Samar and Leyte Felipinas in honor of
the King Philip II.
 Moluccas – captured by the Portuguese
 Set free and tried to sail for Mexico but Villalobos died in
amoeba in 1546.

10. THE LEGAZPI EXPEDITION
 Miguel Lopez de Legaspi – head of the expedition
 With Father Andres de urdaneta
 With 4 ships n 380 men
 Left mexican Port – November 21, 1564
 Cebu – Feb. 1565
 Cibabao (Leyte)
 Samar – Blood compact took place with some chieftains

11.  Camiguin Island
 Butuan in Mindanao
 Bohol – Blood compact with Datu Sikatuna and Si
Gala took place
 Cebu – to get some food and settle.

12.  Having settled in Cebu, Legaspi ordered the return of
the ship San Pedro to Mexico to be piloted by Father
Urdaneta together with Felipe de Salcedo.
 Father Urdaneta left Cebu on June 1, 1565.
 He discovered a new route which was later used
during the Galeon Trade in Manila.

13. FIRST SETTLEMENT IN CEBU
 Cebuanos were hostile to the Spaniards
 Cebuano chieftain Tupas fled to the mountains after
setting all the houses on fire in what is now Cebu City.
 Agreement between Legaspi and Cebuanos took place
 Provisions of the agreement:
 The Filipinos promised to be loyal to the King of Spain
and to the Spaniards.
 The Filipinos promised to help the Spaniards in any
battle against an enemy; in return, the Spaniards
promised to protect the Filipinos in all enemies.

14.  A Filipino who had committed a crime against a
Spaniard should be turned over to the Spanish
authorities while a Spaniard who had committed a crime
to a Filipino should be turned over to the Filipino
chieftain.
 Goods to be sold, to either the Spaniards or the Filipinos
should be moderately priced
 An armed Filipino would not be allowed to enter
Spanish settlement.

15.  Peace reigned in Cebu
 Fort San Pedro was constructed
 Legaspi named the settlement, “City of the Most Holy
Name of Jesus”.

16. THE SETTLEMENT IN PANAY
 Legaspi faced a lot of problems in Cebu
 Mutiny
 Hostility of the Portuguese
 Lack of food
 Cebu
 Panay – 1569
 2nd settlement
 Converted some natives to Christianity

17. THE 1ST VOYAGE TO MANILA
 Legaspi decided to spread Spanish rule over the
islands of the archipelago
 Sent small expeditions
 Juan de Salcedo reported about Manila
 Manila was a Muslim kingdom ruled by Rajah
Sulayman
 People of Manila were hostile to the Spaniards but the
Spaniards won
 Legaspi was appointed by the King of Spain to be the
1st governor-general in the Philippines.

18.  Legaspi left from Panay to Luzon on April 20.
 Legaspi took over Manila in 1571
 Legaspi made Manila the capital city of the Philippines
on June 24, 1571 and ayuntamiento (City government)
was organized.