The document provides information about various skin conditions, infections, and diseases. It discusses the structure and function of skin, common skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Specific conditions covered include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), athlete's foot, skin parasites, molluscum contagiosum virus, genital herpes, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), herpes sores, and candidiasis of the skin. Prevention, treatment, and diagnostic methods are described for many of the conditions.

1. Presentation on
The Skin

2. Presented by
Senthia Afroz

3. Let me introduce about Skin
• Skin is the largest organ on our body, made up of several different parts,
including -
• Water,
• Protein,
• Lipids (fats),
• and different minerals and chemicals. Throughout your life, your skin will
change, for better or worse. In fact, your skin regenerates itself approximately
every 27 days.

5. Skin infection
• A skin infection is a condition where bacteria or other
germs enter the skin through a wound and spread,
causing pain, swelling, and discoloration.

6. Name of the Pathogen Cause skin Diseases
Bacteria cause -cellulitis, impetigo, and staphylococcal
(staph) infections.
Viruses cause- shingles, warts, and herpes simplex.
Fungi cause- athlete's foot and yeast infections.
Parasites cause -body lice, head lice, and scabies.

7. The name of the bacteria which cause skin
Infection
• Folliculitis.
• Furunculosis (boils) and abscesses.
• Impetigo (school sores) and ecthyma.
• Methicillin (meticillin) resistant Staph. aureus.
• Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.
• Toxic shock syndrome.
• Tropical pyomyositis.
• Botryomycosis (pyoderma vegetans)

8. The most common BACTERIA are-
• Many types of bacteria can infect the skin. The most common are
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (also known as MRSA) is a common
bacteria causing skin infections.

9. MRSA
(methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium
that causes infections in different parts of the body.
• It spreads
Contact with infected people
Contact with a contaminated wound.
Have touched infected skin.

10. • But staph can be a problem if it manages to get into the body, often
through a cut. Once there, it can cause an infection. Usually, these
are minor and don't need special treatment. Less often, staph can
cause serious problems like infected wounds or pneumonia.

11. Treatment
• Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics.
• But over the decades, some strains of staph -- like MRSA -- have
become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it.
• MRSA was first discovered in 1961. It's now resistant to methicillin,
amoxicillin, and other common antibiotics known as cephalosporins.

12. Athlete’s Foot (Fungus)
• Athlete's foot is very common, affecting anywhere from
15% to 25% of all people at any given time. This
infection can spread to other parts of the body and to
other people, and many people are infected without
knowing it.

13. How you find that your affected from
Athlete’s Foot
• It Just like ringworm,
• Athlete's foot is caused by a fungus.
• In fact, several fungi can cause this itchy,
• Burning infection.
• It usually grows between your toes, but can spread to
your heel, and to the edges and soles of your feet as well.

14. Get Awake to avoid this-
• It's a good idea to check your feet—
• particularly between our toes—for signs of cracked skin.
• There are several antifungal medicines used to
foot, and topical allylamines like terbinafine seem to be
consistently effective than other types.

15. Skin Parasites
• Parasites on the skin are usually small insects or worms that
burrow into the skin to live there or lay their eggs.
• Skin parasites including tiny, burrowing creatures like scabies
and hookworms, and others that breed on your skin, like head
lice. Itchy, red, irritated skin is a common reaction to a skin
parasite.

16. How to get relief
• If anyone suspect they may have skin parasites,
talk to their doctor or dermatologist about lotions,
shampoos, or other medicated products for relief.

17. Water Warts (Molluscum Contagiosum Virus)
• This viral disease, more common in childhood, causes
long-lasting but relatively harmless clusters of pearl-like
papules to grow on skin. The papules are known as
Mollusca.

18. Who infected will get infected-
• People who live in hot,
• Crowded areas are more susceptible to infection,
• and it thrives in wet conditions.

19. Treatment
• Dermatologists have a wide variety of options for treatment, though
no treatment is perfect, and the virus cannot yet be killed.
Treatments for molluscum contagiosum include:
• Surgical removal
• Cryotherapy (freezing)
• Laser removal
• Chemical removal.

20. Genital Herpes
• Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the
herpes simplex virus (HSV). Sexual contact is the primary way that the
virus spreads. After the initial infection, the virus lies dormant in your
body and can reactivate several times a year.

21. The types of herpes viruses
• Herpes is a group of contagious viruses. All of these viruses cause blisters and
sores. Some of the more common herpes viruses include:---
• Type 1: HSV-1, or oral herpes, causes cold sores to form on lips, gums, tongue and
inside the mouth. It can cause genital herpes in some cases This type usually spreads
through saliva when you kiss someone with open herpes sores. You can also get
HSV-1 by sharing items like toothbrushes, lipsticks or eating utensils.
• Type 2: HSV-2 causes genital herpes.
• Herpes zoster: This virus causes chickenpox and shingles.

22. Phases
• There are two phases, latent and prodrome.
• Latent phase: Infection has occurred, but there are no
symptoms.
• Prodrome (outbreak) phase: At first, the symptoms of a genital
herpes outbreak are typically mild. As the outbreak progresses,
the symptoms become more severe. The sores will typically
heal within 3 to 7 days.

23. Area of Herpes
 Men and women can develop sores on the:
 Buttocks and thighs
 Anus
 Mouth
 Urethra (the tube that allows urine to drain from the bladder to the outside)
 Women can also develop sores in or on the:
 Vaginal area
 External genitals
 Cervix
 Men can also develop sores in or on the:
 Penis
 Scrotum

24. Some can identified by-
Pain or itching. You may experience pain and tenderness in your genital
area until the infection clears.
Small red bumps or tiny white blisters. These may appear a few days to
a few weeks after infection.
Ulcers. These may form when blisters rupture and ooze or bleed. Ulcers
may make it painful to urinate.
Scabs. Skin will crust over and form scabs as ulcers heal.

25. Some Symptoms are-
• General symptoms for anyone include the following:
• Blisters may appear in the mouth and on the lips, face, and anywhere else that came into contact
with areas of infection.
• The area that has contracted the condition often starts to itch, or tingle, before blisters actually
appear.
• The blisters may become ulcerated (open sores) and ooze fluid.
• A crust may appear over the sores within a week of the outbreak.
• Your lymph glands may become swollen. Lymph glands fight infection and inflammation in the
body.
• You may have headaches, body aches, and fever.

26. STD
• The term sexually transmitted disease (STD) is used to refer to
a condition passed from one person to another through sexual
contact. A person can contract an STD by having unprotected
vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the STD.
• An STD may also be called a sexually transmitted infection
(STI) or venereal disease (VD).

27. Treatment of STDs
• Bacterial STDs
• Usually, antibiotics can easily treat bacterial infections.
• It’s important to take all your antibiotics as prescribed. Continue taking them even if you
feel better before you finish taking all of them. Let your doctor know if your symptoms
don’t go away or return after you’ve taken all of your prescribed medication.
• Viral STDs
• Antibiotics can’t treat viral STDs. While most viral infections have no cure, some can clear
on their own. And in many cases, treatment options are available to relieve symptoms and
reduce the risk of transmission.

28. STD prevention
• Avoiding sexual contact is the only foolproof way to avoid STDs. But
when having vaginal, anal, or oral sex, there are ways to make it safer.
• When used properly, condoms provide effective protection against many
STDs. For optimal protection, it’s important to use condoms during vaginal,
anal, and oral sex. Dental dams can also provide protection during oral sex.

29. HARPES SORES

30. TREATMENT
• Apply an over-the-counter (OTC) antiviral cold sore medication. If you do
this at the first sign of cold sore, you may be able to help it heal faster. ...
• Take an OTC pain reliever. ...
• Apply ice or a cold, wet towel. ...
• Moisturize. ...
• Get a prescription for antiviral medication. ...
• Wash your hands.

31. Sign and Symptoms of Herpes Simples Virus
Most people infected with HSV don't know they have it
because they
don't have any signs or symptoms or because their signs and
symptoms
are so mild.

32. DIAGNOSIS
• Although they aren’t always necessary, your doctor may
confirm their diagnosis through laboratory tests.
• A blood test can diagnose herpes simplex virus before you
experience an outbreak.

33. PREVENTION
• If you’re sexually active, you can take these steps to protect yourself and others from herpes virus and other STIs:
• Be monogamous with one sexual partner or limit your number of partners.
• Get tested for STIs and complete any needed treatment.
• Tell your sexual partners if you have genital herpes so they can get tested.
• Use condoms, including dental dams during oral sex.
• Wash your hands often if you have an outbreak or are around someone with symptoms.
• If your sexual partner has genital herpes, these actions can lower your risk of getting the virus:
• Don’t have sex when your partner has active symptoms. (Condoms may not cover all sores, so you may still get the
virus.)
• Make sure your partner takes antiviral medication as prescribed.
• Wait to have sex until scabs fall off.
•

34. Treatment
• There's no cure for genital herpes, but medications can ease
symptoms and reduce the risk of infecting others. Condoms
also can help prevent the spread of a genital herpes infection.

35. Candidiasis of the skin (Cutaneous Candidiasis)
• When an overgrowth of candida develops on the skin, an infection can
occur. This condition is known as candidiasis of skin, or cutaneous
candidiasis.

36. What is Candida albicans?
• Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that is a
common member of the human gut flora. It can also survive
outside the human body. It is detected in the gastrointestinal
tract and mouth in 40–60% of healthy adults.

37. Names of Candida Pathogenes
o Candida albicans
o Candida tropails
o Candida glabrata
o C. krusei
o C.dubliniensis

38. The symptoms of Candidiasis of the skin
o Skin rash.
o Redness and intense itching.
o Skin become cracked and sore.
o Blisters.
o Pustules.

39. The part of the body that Candida affects
In the folds of the skin that includes areas are-
• Armpits
• In the Groin
• Between the fingers
• Under the breasts

40.  They also cause infection in
• Nails
• Edges of the nails
• Corners of the Mouth
• Babies can also develop Candidiasis of skin on buttocks
• Weak immune system people get develop Candida after touching the skin of
an infected person.

41. The reasons that causes Candidiasis of skin are
• Warm weather
• Tight clothing
• Poor Hygiene
• The use of antibiotics that kill harmless bacteria that keep Candida under control.
• Incomplete drying of damp or wet skin.
• A weakened immune system as a result of diabetes, pregnancy, or another medical
condition.

42. So, here the way that our Physician diagnosed
Candidiasis in skin
• Physical Diagnosis.
• Skin culture.

43. Now, We talk about how the Candidiasis of the
skin treated
• Maintaining Proper Hygiene.
• Blood sugar control
• Antifungal cream.
• Antifungal Powder.
• Oral Antifungal

44. Some good thoughts and bad thoughts about
Candidiasis, Bacteria and Fungi
• Candidiasis of the skin usually goes away without treatment.
• And most of people make a full recovery without complications.
• Different types of bacteria and fungi live and in our skin. So, the interesting
matter is most of them are not dangerous.
• So, the bad thing is some of them cause infection when they begin to
multiply uncontrollably.