This document discusses various sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including their causes, symptoms, transmission methods, testing, and treatment. It addresses STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis A-C, pubic lice, scabies, and vaginal thrush. For each STI, the summary provides key details on transmission, common symptoms, and treatment options. The document emphasizes that proper protection and testing are important to prevent the spread of STIs.

2. STI's were termed as Venereal Diseases (VD’s)
 From VD the name then changed to Sexually
Transmitted Diseases STD's
 However the term ’disease’ may indicate
a serious long term issue, whereas an
*illness’ covers all areas from an easily
cured feeling of unwell to a more
serious infection or disease.

3. STI's...
 are sexually transmitted infections spread mainly
through person to person contact such as vaginal,
oral and anal sex.
 are mostly caused by viruses, bacteria, or
parasites.
 can cause a range of problems from short term
(itching)to long term (infertility) and even death.
 symptoms may be immediate, or in some cases
show no signs of infection (Chlamydia, Herpes
virus).
 Bacteria and Parasites can be cured.
 Viruses usually incurable.

8.  It's the most common STI.
 It's most commonly found in under 25 year old.
It is the ‘silent infection’ as often there are no symptoms.
 Chlamydia can be passed on through unprotected oral,
vaginal or anal sex.
 A pregnant woman can also pass it onto her baby during
childbirth e.g. in the eye.
A L S O
Chlamydia CANNOT be spread through contact with toilet
seats, doorknobs, swimming pools, shaked clothing, towels.
Condoms and regular tests will check or whether you have
Chlamydia.

9. Chlamydia Symptoms
75% women with Chlamydia show no signs.
Symptoms may include-:
 burning and itching in genital areas as well as
eyes
 burning and itching when you urinate
 needingto urinate a lot
 pain in and around genital areas
 Females: bleeding in between and painful
periods
 Males: waterydischarge from penis, scrotum
pain and swelling

10. Tests involve a simple urine test or a
swab of the penis, anus, cervix or
vagina.
An annual Chlamydia check-up
recommended for sexually active
people under the age of 25.
If detected early, Chlamydia can be
treated with a course of antibiotics.
Partners of people with G
Chlamydia need to be informed, tested
and treated as well.

11.  Direct contactwith a syphilis sore, mainly onexternal
genitals, vagina, anus, mouth and lips.
 Syphilis can be passed on through skin to skin contact
with sores- vaginal, anal, oral sex or kissing.
 Pregnant women can pass it onto babies whilst they
are pregnant.
 Syphilis may be passed on through blood
transfusion ( but nowadays this is uncommon.
ALSO..
Syphilis CANNOT be spread though contact with
toilet seats, doorknobs, swimming pools shared
clothing, towels.

12. Syphilis - Symptoms
Primary Stage: (3-6 weeks if untreated)
Appearance of a sore - often painless.
Sore lasts 3-6 weeks if not treated then
infection progresses to secondary stage
Secondary Stage: (up to 24 months if untreated)
Rash develops along with many symptoms-:
• Never, some throat, headaches
Weight loss, muscle aches, fatigue
It is highly contagious when the rash is
present
If untreated, it could cause brain, heart
disease and death.

13. Tests involve examining the sore and /or through
having a blood test.
Syphilis can be treated with a course of antibiotics.
Partners of people with Syphilis need to be
informed, tested and treated as well.

14.  Also known as 'the clap’.
 It is a very common infection, especially among
young people ages 15-24 years.
It can affect the penis, vagina (cervix), anus
and throat.
 It is passed on through unprotected sex-
vaginal, oral, anal.
 A pregnant women can also pass gonorrhoea on
through birth.
A L S O
 Gonorrhoea CANNOT be spread though contact
with toilet seats, doorknobs, swimming pools,
shared clothing, towels.

16. Tests involve swabs from infected area.
 Gonorrhoea treatment with a course of antibiotics.
 Although medicationwill stop the infection, it will
not undo any permanent damage caused by the
disease.
Infertility-inability to get pregnant
• Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain
• Painful condition in vas deferens
• Sterility
ALSO..
Untreated gonorrhea may also increase your
chances of getting or giving HIV.

17. - Fevøt
Acute HN infection

18. A - Ac uired - AIDS is not something you inherit from your parents. You
acquire AIDS after blrth.
a I - Zmmuno —
The body's immune system includes all the organs and
cells that work to fight off infection or disease.
aD Deficienc
and not working the way it should.
n S - Syndrome —A syndrome is a sign of a complex illness with a wide
range of symptoms.
a AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection.
n People at this stage of HIV disease have badly damaged
immune systems, which put them at risk with any infection,
often resulting in death.

20. rea
• blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk of a
person infected with HIV.
Higher risk through-:
Unprotected sexual contact (vaginal, anale
Sharing needles with someone who has HIV
Lower risk through
HIV infected mother during pregnancy, birth, breast iik
Unprotected oral sex with someone with HIV
HIV CANNOT be spread though contact with toilet seats,
doorknobs, swimming pools, shaked clothing, towels, kissing,
coughing, sneezing.

21. } O — 4
a Flu-like symptoms
a Tiredness fevers, chills and night sweats
a Rapid weight loss, decreased appetite
a Swollen lymph glands
White spots or unusual marks in the mouth
a Purplish skin marks or bumps, usually painless
a Continuous coughing
a Diarrhoea

22. Treatment can't cure HIV, but it can help people
with HIV live longer, healthier lives.
Treatment includes-:
Drug treatment
Early treatment can minimise affect of HIV on the body
Alternative therapies-:
• Vitamins
• Meditation
Acupuncture
• Passage
• Chinese Medicine

23. Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus HSV1 or HSV2
HSV1- T e 1
a infects mouth and face producing cold sores.
Cold sores on the mouth can cause genital infection
during oral sex for those who do not already have
the cold sore virus
S 2- Type
a occurs mainly on the genitals
Spread from skin-to-skin contact-: oral, anal or
vaginal sex
Due to oral sex Type 1 can infect the genital area and
Type 2 can infect area around the mouth.

24. Type 1-When you have a cold sore this is the
virus shedding (and coming to the surface) acd it
can easily be passed on at this time.
Type 2-Genital herpes is spread through direct
contact with blisters, ulcers, mucus or vaginal
secretions...
• through vaginal, anal, oral sex.
Unfortunately condoms only provide protection
when covering or separating body parts infected
with ulcers and blisters.

25. Genital Herpes Symptoms
Short term effects
Itching, discomfort in the genital area.
Sores -small painful blisters, become shallow ulcers
and lead to scabs.
Flu-like symptoms —
such as feeling unwell,
headaches and pains in the back and legs
Long term effects
Although the sores disappear, the virus probably
remains in the body tOF life.
a Frequent outbreaks will vary for each person.
A viral swab will confirm the presence of HSV 1 and 2.

27. aCaused by the Human Papilla Virus (HPV).
Nay appear as lumps around the vulva or in the
vagina, on the penis or around or inside the anus.
a They appear as growths and may be
• that or raised
• single or multiple
• clustered together with a cauliflower-like appearance
a They may be painless or cause some irritation.
a There may be no symptoms of the infection.
a Some people feel mild irritation from warts.

30. a A viral infection which can affect the liver.
a Spread by faeces.
a Hep A passed on if in direct contact with food, or
objects contaminated faeces of infected person.
a Occurs in childcare centres during nappy changing.
s Once infected, you will NOT get it again.
a You can be immunised against Hep A but NOT
treated for it.

31. Hep A —Symptoms —
Viral
Symptoms occur 15 - 50 days after catching virus
a People ( under 5 years) show no symptoms
Symptoms include
• flu symptoms, Never, abdominal pain, vomiting
• jaundiced skin and eyes
Diagnosed by a blood test.
a Wash hands with soap and water
a Thoroughly clean toilet seats, taps etc.
a Boil drinking water from untreated source e.g. river.

32. is a isease cause
irus
ai ure, iver
nrec ion can ea iver
cancer an even ea
is s rea ec
s: semen, va ma secre ions, sores.
Hep B spread via-:
Unprotected sex
Sharing needles related to drug taking
Non sterile tattooing and piercing
Infected mother through birth
Sharing of toothbrushes, razors with infected blood.

33. ever
e, nausea an vomi
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oss o
am in
aun ice es an in
os recover
ome eo
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rom
ecome ronic carriers
« Long term effects: Scarring of the lives, poor liver function,
liver cancer
« Frequently these will be no symptoms, and it is only discovered
in a blood test
Often, symptoms occur one to six months after exposure.
300/o of those infected do not show typical signs or symptoms.

35. a Liver illness caused by Hep C virus.
a Uost have illness for life.
a Illness can cause liver problems.
rea
• blood contact with infected person
• sharing needles, toothbrushes, razors
getting tattooed or pierced with unclean
equipment from infected person
• passed from mother to baby

37. There is NO vaccine but drugs to treat it which
may cause cure or less pain
700/o infected people carry it for life
• 15-200/o will develop cirrhosis of the lives (scarring) and
this can turn into cancer
• Avoid alcohol
• Prevent it by not sharing toothbrushes, razors
• Ensure sterile tattooing equipment
• Never share needles
• Wear gloves to clean up blood spills

39. a Small lice that infect pubic hair, armpit and
eyebrows and lay eggs.
a Spread by close personal contact, not always
sexually transmitted.
• Spread through-:
« Toilet seats, sheets, blankets, bathing suits in shops
a Itching, bluish skin
a Sores due to bites and scratching
s Prescription drugs

40. a Small mites that burrow under the skin to lay eggs.
a This can occur anywhere on the skin.
a Causes intense itchiness.
a Spread by close personal contact - not always
sexually transmitted.
a May be spread from sharing unwashed bed linen,
clothes and towels

41. Cd ISS
motoms ma include-:
a Itching, worse at night or after a hot shower
a A bump blister rash , often difficult to see
a Rash visible on wrists, armpits, stomach, genitals
a Children get face rashes, scalp and soles of feet
Symptoms occur 2-4 weeks after infection but
people who had it before only 24-48 hours after
Treatment
a Prescriptiondrugs

43. Vaginal thrush is NOT a sexually t ans issib e infection
Caused by an overgrowth of yeasts in the vagina
tons
Women may experience -:
Vaginal discomfort and a thick white discharge with a ‘cottage cheese’
appearance
• Redness or swelling of the vagina or vulva
• Stinging or burning while urinating and during sex.
or scab
n Diagnosis made via examination and
Treatment
a Antifun a creams of tablets
n You can still have sex when you have vaginal thrush
n Males may experience itching, burning on urination,
reddening of penis

44. //B)C(?OBéON)4S)S
• Tricho oniasis is caused by a small organism called
Trichomonas vaginalis.
Women are most often affected by this disease, although men
and pass on infection to their partners through sexual conta
t O N 3 S
Yellow-green vaginal discharge in women which may feel
irritating and have a strong smell.
• May be passed onto male leading to similar discharge or no s
Treatment
• Easily diagnosed by examination and scab.
• Antibiotics