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1. THE RISING
Radiant Shema school
team

2. CONTENT
1. THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE [1857 A.D]
• CAUSES
• EVENTS
• RESULTS
• REASONS FOR FAILURE
2. The Indian National Congress
3. Moderates
4. Extremists
5. Revolutionaries
6. Partition of Bengal
7. Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre

3. THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE
[1857 A.D]
CAUSES:
1. POLITICAL CAUSES:
• Satara, Jaipur, Jhansi, Udhaipur, etc.. lost their rights due to the Doctrine
of Lapse. Hence thousands of soldiers became unemployed.
2. ECONOMIC CAUSES:
• The British imposed heavy tax on Indian goods. Hence Indian
craftsmen became unemployed.
3. ADMINISTRATIVE CAUSES:
• The British civil and criminal laws were only applicable to Indians.
4. MILITARY CAUSES:
• The status, salary, and oppurtunities were less compared to the
British soldiers.
5. IMMEDIATE CAUSES:
• The soldiers were given rifels called ‘Royal Enfield’ which were
greasd with fat of pigs and cows. This enraged the Indian soldiers.

4. Events
• Mangal Pandey killed a British soldier and he was
hanged.
• Soldiers were imprisoned , this became the spark.
• Soldiers gathered at Delhi and declared Bahadur Shah 2
as emperor.
• This war spread like a wild fire to Khanpur and Jhansi.
• Nana Sahib, Tantia Tope, and Rani Laxmibhai took
laedership and led their troops into war.
• But this was a failure.

5. Results :
• The revolt put an end to the administration of
East India Company.
• India went under the administration of the
Queen.
• The Magna’s Carter:
• They will not interfere in the religious matters.
• There will be equality under law.
• Stable government will be provided.

6. Reasons for failure:
• The movement did not spread to the whole
country.
• It was not an organized struggle.
• Lack of unity.
• No proper direction and leadership.
• Many kings were still loyal to the British.

7. The Indian National Congress(1885):
• Founded by A.O.Hume.
• They wanted to create political and
nationalistic attitude.
• They kindled patriotic feelings among the local
people.
• Published newspapers in local languages.
• The INC was divided into moderates and
extremists.

8. Moderates:
• ‘Moderate Age’-the first 20 years of the INC.
• Prominent leaders- Gopalakrishna Gokale,
M.G.Ranade, Surendrenath Bannerjee, and
Dadabhai Naoroji,.
• They trusted the British and laid their appeals
and requests before them.
• ‘Drain theory’- Dadabhai Naoroji explained
this theory to the people.

9. Extremists :
• Prominent leaders- Balgangadhar Tilak, Lala
Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Ghosh, and Bipin
Chandra Pal.
• They called the Moderates ‘Political Beggars.’
• They went against the British in violent
methods.

10. Revolutionaries
• Prominent leaders- Bhagat Singh,
Chandrashekar Azad, V.D.Sarvakar, Shyam
Krishna Verma, Ras Bihari Ghose, Ramprasad
Bismil, etc
• They dreamt of a totally free India.
• They established secret branches and engaged
in collection of money, arms and training.
• They used bombs and firearms to achieve
their objectives.
• Hence they were arrested and hanged.

11. Partition of Bengal(1905)
• Bengal was the centre of protests.
• Lord Curzon proposed the plan to divide Bengal to
reduce the intensity.
• East and West Bengal based on Hindu and Muslim was
created.
• The Swadeshi movement was very important among
this protests.
• “Swadeshi movement” –the ban on western goods.
• The declaration of Bengal partition was withdrawn on
1911.

12. JALIANWALLAH BAGH MASSACRE
• This protest was against the Rowlett act.
• “Rowlett act”- The judges were given power
to arrest anyone on whom they had suspicion.
• General Dyer led the military to Jalianwallah
and killed 379 people and injured thousands.
• The government appointed the Hunter
commission to enquire the Jalianwallah Bagh
tragedy.