The document summarizes several revolutions and enlightenment thinkers that helped establish concepts of rule of law, constitutional monarchy, and natural rights. It discusses the Magna Carta establishing rule of law over kings in 1215 England. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 saw William III take the throne and further limited royal power. The English Bill of Rights in 1689 gave more rights and freedoms to citizens. The Enlightenment from the 1700s-1800s promoted reason and questioning of the church and monarchy. Thinkers like Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, and Jefferson established ideas around separation of powers, natural rights, social contract, and pursuit of happiness.

1. The Revolutions
By Keenan Reardon

2. Magna Carta
• It was written on June 15 1215 in
England
• It reduced the power he held as king of
England by creating a rule of law.
• It was a form of rule of law because it
made the law above the king therefore
making the king have limited power.

3. Glorious Revolution
• The event occurred on 1688 in England.
• William III took over after this event.
• The Magna Carta was the document
that change the power of kings forever.

4. The English Bill of
Rights
• The bill of rights was written in 1689.
• It gave more rights and freedom to the
people, it also took a lot of power away
from the king or queen and made it a
constitutional monarchy.

5. The Enlightenment
• The Enlightenment promoted the power of reason to change society
and widen peoples knowledge, It was also called the Age of Reason.
People began to question the Church and the Monarchy and wanted
to know what the world was about and its freedom without having to
listen to a Monarchy or the Church.
• It spanned from the 1700s to the 1800s
• It was important because it gave reason to the public and it made
them believe that they didn’t need to listen to the church just because
they said it was true.

6. Charles-Louis
Montesquieu
• He was born in Bordeaux, France, in
1689 to a wealthy family
• Montesquieu is best known for his
work titled The Spirit of Laws. In this
work, he said that when one person
possesses all the power, they become a
tyrant.

7. John Locke
• He was born on August 29, 1632, in
Warington, a village in Somerset,
England.
• (1632-1704)
• Natural rights are the right that we are
born with, nothing and no one can take
them away from us.

8. Jean Jacques Rousseau
• He was born on June 28,
1712 in Geneva,
Switzerland.
• (1712-1778)
• The social contract is a
concept that human beings
made an agreement, where
the government and the
people have special roles
and responsibilities in the
government.

9. Thomas Jefferson
• Jefferson was born at Shadwell in what is
now Albemarle County, Va., on Apr. 13,
1743.
• He is famous for writing the first draft of the
declaration of Independence.
• Thomas Jefferson thought property was too
specific and that it wouldn't be able to hold
as much meaning as something more
general like “pursuit of happiness”.