1. Counter ReformationCounter Reformation

2. Council of TrentCouncil of Trent
 1545 – 15631545 – 1563
 The council was made to addressThe council was made to address
Protestant despitesProtestant despites
 Main objective was to condemn ProtestantMain objective was to condemn Protestant
doctrine and define church doctrinedoctrine and define church doctrine

3. Major ResultsMajor Results
 The Church’s interpretation of the BibleThe Church’s interpretation of the Bible
was finalwas final
– Anyone who substituted their ownAnyone who substituted their own
interpretation was a hereticinterpretation was a heretic
 Salvation by faith and works was definedSalvation by faith and works was defined
 Decrees were issued for church practicesDecrees were issued for church practices
such as indulgencessuch as indulgences
– Decree is a lawDecree is a law
– Abuse of indulgences were no longer allowedAbuse of indulgences were no longer allowed

4. JesuitsJesuits
 Ignatius of LoyolaIgnatius of Loyola
– FounderFounder
– Wrote “Spiritual Exercises”Wrote “Spiritual Exercises”
– Guide for JesuitsGuide for Jesuits
 Intellectual group of Catholic PriestIntellectual group of Catholic Priest
 Major goalsMajor goals
– Stop the spreading of ProtestantismStop the spreading of Protestantism
– Spread Catholic teachings through missionsSpread Catholic teachings through missions
– Establish Catholic schools and collegesEstablish Catholic schools and colleges

5. Major SuccessesMajor Successes
 Clarified church doctrineClarified church doctrine
 Groups like the Jesuits spread ideasGroups like the Jesuits spread ideas
 The church recognized that it neededThe church recognized that it needed
reformreform
 Ended abuse of the churchEnded abuse of the church
 Found a way to reform that didn’t requireFound a way to reform that didn’t require
warwar

6. Major SuccessesMajor Successes
 Clarified church doctrineClarified church doctrine
 Groups like the Jesuits spread ideasGroups like the Jesuits spread ideas
 The church recognized that it neededThe church recognized that it needed
reformreform
 Ended abuse of the churchEnded abuse of the church
 Found a way to reform that didn’t requireFound a way to reform that didn’t require
warwar