The rebecca riots
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The Rebecca Riots were a series of protests in the 1830s-1840s by impoverished Welsh farmers against high toll fees on turnpike roads. As the farmers faced poverty and rising costs, they destroyed toll gates in protest. The government responded by sending over 1,800 soldiers and 70 policemen to restore order. Eventually a Roads Board was established to regulate tolls, which helped end the riots in Wales.
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The document summarizes British taxation of the American colonies following the French and Indian War. After taking on massive war debts, the British Parliament passed laws like the Sugar Act of 1764 and Stamp Act of 1765 to tax the colonies. This caused outrage in the colonies, who protested with slogans like "no taxation without representation" since they had no representation in Parliament. The Stamp Act was repealed in 1766 but the Declaratory Act affirmed Parliament's right to tax. Further taxes in the Townshend Acts of 1767 renewed colonial protests and boycotts of British goods.
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The British Parliament passed several social and economic reforms during the 1800s and early 1900s, including: (1) Repealing the Corn Laws in 1846 to make food more affordable, limiting work hours and improving conditions, and providing social welfare programs; (2) Ending the slave trade in 1807 and abolishing slavery in 1833; (3) Reforming the criminal justice system by limiting capital crimes and establishing penal colonies.
Causes of the French Revolution
The document summarizes key events in the lead up to and early stages of the French Revolution from the late 18th century to 1789. Long term causes included the high costs of the French monarchy and wars, an unfair tax system, and the spread of Enlightenment ideas. Short term causes were poor harvests, financial crisis, and influence from the American Revolution. The National Assembly was formed and took steps like the Tennis Court Oath and storming of the Bastille that challenged the traditional order. The Great Fear and August Decrees dismantled the feudal system and Church lands were nationalized.
Chapter 14
This document provides an overview of western expansion and economic development in the United States between 1790-1860. It discusses the movement of settlers westward across the Appalachians in search of cheap land, driven by the growth of new machinery and industries. Immigrants from Europe and famine in Ireland contributed to population growth. Advances in transportation like canals, steamboats and railroads integrated the national economy and linked the eastern and western parts of the country. The market revolution transformed the US into a nation with a growing industrial and commercial sector.
APUSH Lecture Ch. 10
During the early to mid-1800s, the United States experienced rapid economic, technological, and population growth that transformed it into a market economy. Key developments included the expansion of commercial farming in the Midwest, the transportation revolution of canals and railroads, the rise of manufacturing in the North, and large-scale immigration. However, this period also saw social tensions emerge between native-born Americans and Catholic immigrants, as well as economic divisions growing between the industrial North and agricultural South. Rapid advances in transportation and communication further integrated the national economy but also exacerbated regional differences leading up to the Civil War.
Age of revolutions
The document summarizes the key causes of the American Revolution, including the French and Indian War, the Proclamation of 1763, taxation acts like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, and events like the Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party. These events increased tensions between the colonists and British and ultimately led the colonists to declare independence and start the Revolutionary War.
Industrial Revolution Introduction
The agricultural revolution in Britain led to population growth and pushed small farmers off their land into cities to work for wages. A series of inventions like the spinning jenny and cotton gin modernized textile manufacturing and moved it from the home to the factory. Britain industrialized first due to its natural resources like coal and iron, geographical advantages, stable government and economy, and colonial empire providing raw materials. The industrial revolution brought changes like the widespread use of steam power, continuous technological innovations, rapid urbanization, rise of the middle class, and poor working conditions that led to new social movements.
Westhoughton and the Peterloo Massacre
The Peterloo Massacre occurred on August 16, 1819 in St. Peter's Field, Manchester when cavalry charged into a crowd of around 60,000-80,000 people who had gathered to demand political reform and representation. Eighteen people were killed and hundreds more were injured in the attack. The peaceful protest was organized by radicals who wanted universal suffrage, annual parliaments, and an end to corruption. Residents from Westhoughton, including Robert Bamber, Samuel Kirkman, and James Hart, had walked to Manchester to hear orator Henry Hunt speak. However, local magistrates ordered the cavalry to arrest Hunt and disperse the crowd, leading to the massacre and deaths. The event highlighted the disparity
1. population
The population of Britain exploded between 1750-1900 due to increasing birth rates, decreasing death rates, and immigration. Birth rates increased as people married younger and had more children they could send to work. Death rates declined due to innovations like vaccination, cleaner cities with water/sewers, and less alcohol consumption. Immigration from Eastern Europe also contributed, especially Jews fleeing persecution who lived in poverty in London's East End. This rapid population growth strained towns, as seen in the 1840 report noting sewage/health problems from neglecting infrastructure for the masses living in poor conditions.
The years of self confidence
1) In the 19th century, Britain underwent significant political, economic, and social changes as it industrialized and expanded its global empire.
2) The monarchy adapted to increasing democracy, with Queen Victoria becoming popular as she shared details of her private life and family values with the public.
3) As industrialization grew, regional economic disparities emerged within Britain between industrialized areas and the peripheries of Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, with the Irish population declining dramatically due to famine and emigration.
The Growth of Democracy- World History 2
The Growth of Democracy
-Reforms in Great Britain
-Moving Away From British Rule
-From Empire to Republic in France
-Expansion of the United States
-Reform in the United States
4S. Pre famine Ireland early 19th century
This document provides an overview of Ireland from 1800-1845, focusing on several key topics:
1. The Act of Union in 1801 united Ireland and Britain politically, abolishing the Irish Parliament. However, it was very unpopular in Ireland and passed through bribery and corruption.
2. Catholic emancipation was a long campaign led by Daniel O'Connell to repeal discriminatory laws against Catholics and allow them to hold office. It was finally achieved in 1829.
3. The Irish economy remained weak, relying heavily on agriculture. The population increased dramatically but widespread poverty, famine, and disease caused large-scale emigration to continue throughout this period.
The Push Factors, Pull Factors, and Methods of Latter-day Saint Emigration in...
The document discusses the various push and pull factors that led to mass emigration of Latter-day Saint converts from 19th century England to America. It describes the poor economic conditions in industrialized England due to overpopulation and poor living standards that pushed emigrants to leave. Additionally, it outlines how the preaching of Latter-day Saint missionaries in England beginning in 1837 encouraged converts to emigrate, pulling them to gather with other church members first in Nauvoo, Illinois and later in Salt Lake City, Utah.
the political and economical situation of Britain in 18th century
In this presentation we are going to know how was Britain in the 18th century in economic and political terms
The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era - AP European History
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to widespread financial problems, poor harvests raising food prices, and resentment of the privileged estates. The Third Estate demanded political representation, leading them to form the National Assembly and take the Tennis Court Oath. In July 1789, the storming of the Bastille marked the start of the Revolution. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and established a constitutional monarchy, though unrest continued. The monarchy was overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793, ushering in the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre. Napoleon later crowned himself emperor and established reforms but was eventually defeated at Waterloo in 1815. The Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe
His 102 chapter 19 ppt
The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain and later spread to other parts of Europe and the world. New technologies like the steam engine and mechanized factories increased productivity but also led to poor working conditions and urban poverty. The middle class grew as a new social class but gender roles became more separate, with women expected to focus on domestic duties. The working class struggled with low pay, long hours, and unsafe working environments in the new industrial cities and factories.
His 102 chapter 19 the industrial revolution spring 2013
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain and led to unprecedented economic growth through new forms of energy like coal and steam power, as well as mechanization that increased productivity. Britain was well-positioned for industrialization due to its natural resources like coal, developed transportation system, commercialized agriculture, and entrepreneurial culture. Textile innovations drove early industrial growth. The social consequences of industrialization included overcrowded urban areas with poor living conditions, child labor, rural poverty, and environmental pollution. Industrialization later spread across Europe and became globally interconnected through international trade and empire.
the_qing_empire.pptx
The Qing Empire faced increasing economic and social disorder in the 1800s due to population pressure, distrust in the government, and rebellions like the White Lotus Rebellion. The British smuggled large amounts of opium into China, despite bans, leading to widespread addiction. This caused the First Opium War in 1839, which the Qing lost, forcing unequal treaties and the cession of Hong Kong. Further unrest included the Taiping Rebellion from 1850-1864, which killed 20-30 million and weakened the Qing. Foreign intervention and the Qing's defeat of the rebellion depleted the empire. Decentralization in the late 1800s caused the empire to dissolve into power zones and end Qing
New France
A PowerPoint that covers the French colony of Canada (New France), and the relations the French had with the natives, and the English colonies. (Created by Mr. Tim Bonnar)
The early romantic age 4 ls
King George III reigned over Britain from 1760-1820 during a period of major social, economic, and political changes. Britain fought against France for colonial dominance and industrialized rapidly during the late 18th century through innovations like James Watt's steam engine. Growing industrialization and enclosure of agricultural lands transformed British society, leading to a new class divide between wage earners and owners and the rise of poor living and working conditions for many.
The Early Romantic Age
King George III reigned over Britain from 1760-1820 during a period of major social, economic, and political changes. Britain fought against France for colonial dominance and industrialized rapidly during the late 18th century through innovations like James Watt's steam engine. Growing industrialization and enclosure of agricultural lands transformed British society and led to conflict between new social classes of landowners, industrialists, and wage laborers who faced difficult working conditions. The American colonies declared independence from Britain in 1776, marking the end of Britain's global supremacy.
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The Push Factors, Pull Factors, and Methods of Latter-day Saint Emigration in...
The Push Factors, Pull Factors, and Methods of Latter-day Saint Emigration in...
the political and economical situation of Britain in 18th century
the political and economical situation of Britain in 18th century
The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era - AP European History
The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era - AP European History
His 102 chapter 19 the industrial revolution spring 2013
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The rebecca riots
- 2. Background When ? - Late 1830s/early 1840s Protests against high tolls on new turnpike roads Protesters were farmers facing poverty Soldiers sent in 5 leaders transported
- 3. Reasons Local farmers were angry at their growing poverty. Tollgates had been introduced on the new turnpike roads. These were run by different companies so each chose what toll to charge. Farmers were having to pay rents, taxes and tithes to the Church of Wales even if they didn’t belong to it. There was also a fear of new workhouses. Violence spread through the 1840s with tollgates being destroyed, barns and hayricks being burnt and a workhouse being destroyed. The government sent in 1800 soldiers to calm the area. 70 policemen were also sent a rewards were offered for information. A lot of the original protestors left the movement as they felt that criminals had taken advantage of the riots. Robert Peel set up an enquiry and a Roads Board was set up to control the turnpikes and tolls and peace returned to Wales.
- 4. Divisions in welsh rural Society. Gentry Anglicised + Anglican Destruction of gates Agricultural Depression Post 1815 Rising rents Rising rural unemployment Local magistrates were mostly English Protests in Carmarthen in 1801 and 1818 due to shortage and high prices of food Causes
- 5. Why was the government do worried about protests and riots? Fear of revolution Need for law & order Fear of losing land
- 6. Now… Read page 79 on how the authorities responded to the riots Make a table of the similarities and differences between the reactions towards the Peterloo massacre and the Rebecca riots.
- 7. Study Sources B and C. How different are these two sources? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [9 marks]
Editor's Notes
- Page 5 should be printed off.