Canada sought to incorporate its western lands in the late 1800s, but faced resistance from the Métis people who lived in the Red River Valley. Louis Riel led the Métis to seize forts and declare a provisional government to negotiate with Canada. The execution of Thomas Scott increased tensions. The Manitoba Act of 1870 created the province and addressed Métis concerns through representation and bilingual schools. Industrialization and immigration from the US and Europe grew in the late 1800s and early 1900s, though Aboriginal and Asian people faced increasing segregation and restrictions. Reform movements aimed to address social issues through education, temperance, and restricting immigration.