The document discusses the normal puerperium process including physiological changes like uterine and cervical involution, endometrial regeneration, breastfeeding, and common complications. It outlines monitoring maternal changes, diagnosing and treating postpartum issues, discussing contraception and support. The puerperium involves monitoring for infections, thrombo-embolism, hemorrhage, or psychosis in the first two weeks through examinations and risk factor analysis.
Normal puerperium - Obstetrical and Gynecological NursingJaice Mary Joy
The word puerperium is originated from the Latin words ‘puer’ – child and ‘pams’ – bringing forth.
Also known as the post-partum, post-natal, or post-delivery period.
The mother during puerperium is termed as puerpera.
Maternal Care addresses all the common and important problems that occur during pregnancy, labour, delivery and the puerperium. It covers: the antenatal and postnatal care of healthy women with normal pregnancies, monitoring and managing the progress of labour, specific medical problems during pregnancy, labour and the puerperium, family planning, regionalised perinatal care
Normal puerperium - Obstetrical and Gynecological NursingJaice Mary Joy
The word puerperium is originated from the Latin words ‘puer’ – child and ‘pams’ – bringing forth.
Also known as the post-partum, post-natal, or post-delivery period.
The mother during puerperium is termed as puerpera.
Maternal Care addresses all the common and important problems that occur during pregnancy, labour, delivery and the puerperium. It covers: the antenatal and postnatal care of healthy women with normal pregnancies, monitoring and managing the progress of labour, specific medical problems during pregnancy, labour and the puerperium, family planning, regionalised perinatal care
what is the Puerperium and Postpartum Period
what's the normal?
what's the abnormal Puerperium?
and what are the most common complications and how to manage it?
The presentation contain:
Normal puerperium ; Physiology, Duration
Postnatal assessment and management
Promoting physical and emotional well-being
Lactation management
Immunization
Family dynamics after child-birth.
Family welfare services; methods, counseling
Follow-up
Records and reports
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
what is the Puerperium and Postpartum Period
what's the normal?
what's the abnormal Puerperium?
and what are the most common complications and how to manage it?
The presentation contain:
Normal puerperium ; Physiology, Duration
Postnatal assessment and management
Promoting physical and emotional well-being
Lactation management
Immunization
Family dynamics after child-birth.
Family welfare services; methods, counseling
Follow-up
Records and reports
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
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India Diagnostic Labs Market: Dynamics, Key Players, and Industry Projections...Kumar Satyam
According to the TechSci Research report titled “India Diagnostic Labs Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Diagnostic Labs Market was valued at USD 16,471.21 million in 2023 and is projected to grow at an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.55% through 2029. This significant growth can be attributed to various factors, including collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, the expansion of diagnostic chains, and increasing accessibility to diagnostic services across the country. This comprehensive report delves into the market dynamics, recent trends, drivers, competitive landscape, and benefits of the research report, providing a detailed analysis of the India Diagnostic Labs Market.
Collaborations and Partnerships
Collaborations and partnerships among leading companies play a pivotal role in driving the growth of the India Diagnostic Labs Market. These strategic alliances allow companies to merge their expertise, strengthen their market positions, and offer innovative solutions. By combining resources, companies can enhance their research and development capabilities, expand their product portfolios, and improve their distribution networks. These collaborations also facilitate the sharing of technological advancements and best practices, contributing to the overall growth of the market.
Expansion of Diagnostic Chains
The expansion of diagnostic chains is a driving force behind the growing demand for diagnostic lab services. Diagnostic chains often establish multiple laboratories and diagnostic centers in various cities and regions, including urban and rural areas. This expanded network makes diagnostic services more accessible to a larger portion of the population, addressing healthcare disparities and reaching underserved populations. The presence of diagnostic chain facilities in multiple locations within a city or region provides convenience for patients, reducing travel time and effort. A broader network of labs often leads to reduced waiting times for appointments and sample collection, ensuring that patients receive timely and efficient diagnostic services.
Rising Prevalence of Chronic Diseases
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is a significant driver for the demand for diagnostic lab services. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer require regular monitoring and diagnostic testing for effective management. The rise in chronic diseases necessitates the use of advanced diagnostic tools and technologies, driving the growth of the diagnostic labs market. Additionally, early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for managing chronic diseases, further boosting the demand for diagnostic lab services.
the IUA Administrative Board and General Assembly meeting
The puerperium (suite de couche normale)
1. The Puerperium (suite de couche
normale).
Plan:
Definition.
Objectives:-Monitor physiological changes of
the puerperium.
-Diagnose and treat postpartum omplications.
-Discuss breast feeding.
-Provide emotional support.
-Disacuss family planning and contraception.
-Postpartum consultation.
2. Physiological Changes.
• Involution of the Genital and Urinary tracts.
I- Uterus, Uterine height 30-35cm, 1-1.5kgs, involutes by 1-
2cm dailly, 10-14 days becomes a pelvic organ.
By 4 weeks non gravid size(50-70gms).
3wks <100gms, 2wks 300gms, 1wk 500gms.
Uterine involution occurs by reduction in the size of
individual cells(autolysis).
Lower segment disappears(junction between cervix and
body of uterus).
Dr. Nana
3. Physiological Changes(1).
Cervix regresses, internal OS is closed, infra vaginal1.5-
2cm,by a week, external OS remains dehiscent.
Ectropion, endocervical mucosa may remain visible for a
long period.
• Regeneration of the Endometrium.
Separation of placenta / membranes involves only spongy
layer.
2-3 days later basal portion differentiates into superficial
layer, becomes necrotic and basal layer, regenerates the
new endometrium. Dr. Nana
4. Physiological Changes(2).
• Involution of the Placenta site.
At delivery, size of a palm, 2 weeks 3-4cm in diameter,
complete extrusion <6 weeks.
Involution of endometrium and placenta site can be
summarised into four stages:
1. Regression delivery to day five.
2. Scarring of placenta site day five to 25 without hormonal
stimulation.
3. Proliferation of endometrium day 25-45 influenced by
oestrogens. Dr:Nana
5. Physiological Changes(3).
4 Resumption of menses triggered by ovulation by 40th
day. Sometimes ovulation doesnot occur,bleeding is
withdrawal in origin, ovulation usually occurs by the
60th day.
• Vagina,vaginal outlet.
Sperficial erosion scar quickly, some degree of
colpocele occurs at delivery , regresses quick,
myrtiforme caruncles may be seen, intriotus closes
with time, perineum regains ist tonicity but must be
reinforced with appropriate gymnastics. Dr.Nana
6. Physiological Changes(4).
• Abdomen. Rupture of elastic fibers, diastases of the
rectus abdominus muscle.
• A slow regression of other changes, biliary and urinary
tracts(cholecystography and IVP interpretation difficult).
• Relative insensitivity to intravesical pressure, Retention.
• Biochemistry: several modifications progressively
regress to normal, tolerance to glucose or
carbohydrates, changes in lipid
levels( HDL,LDL,Cholesterol,trigycerldes), clotting
factors, antithrobine III.
7. Physiological Changes(5).
• Hormonolgy:
1. Oestrgens decrease at delivery, increases from the
25th day inflenced by FSH.
2. Progesterone decreases within 10 days of delivery,
appears only after the 1st ovulation.
3. LHrh is low until the 25th day, LH peak occurs at about
the 40th day.
4. FSH increases from the 25th day.
8. Breast Feeding.
• Colostrum ( 2nd half of pregnancy-delivery).
1. It contains more amino-acids (cystine, arginine,
histidine), minerals.
2. It contains less sugars (lactose) and fats (linoloeic acid).
3. Rich in immunoglobulins-secretory IgA.
4. Other host resistance factors in milk and colostrum
include: IgA, components of complements,
macrophages, lymphocytes, lactoferrin,
lactoperoxidase, lysozymes
5. Colostrum has a laxative action. Dr.Nana
9. Breast Feeding(1).
• Breast Milk (2-5days).
1. Volume increases, maximum by the 3rd month. Volume
varies between 500-750ml /day by 3 months.
2. Volume inceased in twin delivery.
3. Hypogalactia or low milk secretion is rare.
4. It may be of 1ary or 2ary origin, primary rare and is due
to hypothalamo-pituitary disorder.
Dr.Nana
10. Breast Feeding(2).
5-Secondary is common: maternal fatigue, emotional
breakdown, change of lifestyle. Reversible with
emotional support, frequent breast feeding, complete
emptying of breast at each feed, bedrest, increase fluid
intake and galactogil.
6-Breast milk is isotonic to water, contains proteins, fats
and water.
7-All vitamins are found in breast milk but for vitamin K.
8-Breast milk has several advantages over artificial milk.
Dr.Nana
11. Breast Feeding(3).
• Complications of Breast Feeding.
1. Nipple cracks/ lacerations: occur in 1:4 breast feeding
mothers, occurs within 2 weeks of delivery.
Risk factors: clear skin women, synthetic breast wears,
prolonged breast feeding and poor breast feeding
techniques.
Treatment,expose to air or sunlight, use topical lotions
containing vitamin A and E, 1% aqueous eosin etc.
Dr.Nana
12. Breast Feeding(4).
2-Engorgement: 1st week, 15% of breast feeding mothers
affected.
Risk factors, poor feeding (SFD, sickchild), nipple cracks,
pains, maternal anxiety, weaning etc. Breast
distended, hard tender with low-grade fever.
Treatment: massage, topical ointment, continue breast
feeding. May complicate with breast lymphangitis or
abscess.
Dr.Nana
13. Breast Feeding(5).
3-Lymphangitis: 5%, Risk factors:nipple cracks,
engorgement. Germs skin flora, swollen warm tender
breast , fever 39-40 `C.
Treatment, humid dressing, ATBs, Anti-inflammatory,
bedrest.
4-Galactophoritis: complicates lymphangitis/
engorgement. Hard painful nodule in the breast, fever
and axilla nodes. Budin sign positive. Treament: ATBs,
Anti-inflammatory, stop breast feeding but empty breast.
Dr.Nana
14. Breast Feeding(6).
5- Breast Abscess: 1%, complicates a poorly treated
lymphangitis or galactophoritis. Pain, fever 39- 40 ` C,
fatique, insomnia.
Treament: Drainage, ATBs, stop breast feeding, empty
breast.
Contra-indications to breast feeding: Active TB infection,
congestive heart failure, viral hepatitis, HIV, some drugs.
Dr. Nana
15. Clinical Aspects of the puerperium.
• Useful parameters: BP, pulse, temperature,duiresis.
• Day 1: 0-2hrs Immediate postpartum
2-24hrs Early postpartum.
>24hrs- 6weeks Late postpartum.
• Other Days: complete examination.
• After birth pains, Lochia rubra 1-3 days, lochia serosa 4-
7 days, lochia alba >7days,
• Lochia contains epithelial cells, RBCs, shreds of
decidua, bacteria.
Dr.Nana
16. Clinical Aspects of the
Puerperium(1).
• Duiresis increase (day 2-5).
• Leucocytosis (labour, delivery and immediate
postpartum).
• Weight loss ( content ofuterus, uterine involution,
duiresis).
• Check for depression ( Transient depression or
postpartum blues).
Dr.nana
17. Clinical Aspects of the
puerperium(2).
Risk factors:-Emotional breakdown that follows the
excitement and fear of pregnancy and delivery.
-Discomfort of the early puerperium.
-Fatique from loss of sleep at labour /postpartum.
-Fear of becoming less attractive and anxiety.
Dr.Nana
18. Clinical Aspects of the
Puerperium(3).
• Preventive Measures – Haemorrhage
-Immunisation, Rh –ve, ATT, vaccination of baby.
-Deep vein thrombosis.
-Personal hygiene, vulva, breast, exercise.
-Supplementation(Fe).
-Mentruation and ovulation, 6-8weeks without breast
feeding, majority between 2-18 months, 8% after one
month, 61% at a year, 25% become pregnant by one
year. Intermittent bleeding.
19. Pathologic Puerperium.
• Several complications occur within 2 weeks of delivery:
Infections, thrombo-embolism, haemorrhage, anaemia,
postpartum hypertension and /or psychosis.
• Risk factors for infection in the puerperium:
-Anaemia, UTI in pregnancy.
-PROM >24hrs.
-Prolonged labour.
-Intrapartum fever.
-Obstetric manoeuvres.Intrumental deliveries, manual
delivery of placenta, uterine revision. Dr.Nana
21. Postpartum Consultation.
• Objectives:Verify
- Regression of physiologic changes.
- Involution of the uterus/ genital tract.
- Persistence of pathologies developed during pregnancy.
- Counsel for sexual life and family planning.
NB: Late complication of the puerperium: haemorrhage,
amenorrhoea, postpartum thyroiditis, stress etc.
Dr.Nana