The process of conception
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The document summarizes the process of conception from the release of the ovum and sperm through implantation and development of embryonic and fetal structures. It describes how the ovum is released from the ovary and moves to the fallopian tubes, while sperm are ejaculated and undergo changes to be able to penetrate the ovum. Fertilization occurs if a sperm fuses with the ovum, and the zygote then moves to the uterus and undergoes cell division. It implants in the endometrium, forming the placenta and other structures to facilitate nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.
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The document summarizes the process of conception from the release of an ovum and sperm through implantation and development of embryonic and fetal structures. It describes how a zygote forms when an ovum and sperm fuse, then divides and develops into a morula and blastocyst as it moves through the fallopian tubes and uterus. The blastocyst implants in the endometrium around 8-10 days after fertilization. The placenta and other structures such as the amniotic sac, amniotic fluid, chorionic villi, umbilical cord and decidua develop to support fetal growth and development.
The process of conception
The document summarizes the process of conception from the release of the ovum and sperm through implantation and development of embryonic and fetal structures. It describes how the ovum is released from the ovary and moves to the fallopian tubes, while sperm are ejaculated and undergo changes to be able to penetrate the ovum. Fertilization occurs if a sperm fuses with the ovum, and the zygote then moves to the uterus and undergoes cell division. It implants in the endometrium, forming the placenta and other structures to facilitate nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.
Physiology of Fertilization, Implantation, Placental & Fetal Development
The document discusses various aspects of human fertilization, implantation, placental and fetal development. It describes the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis, how sperm travel through the female reproductive tract and fertilize the egg in the fallopian tubes. It then covers the stages of early embryonic development, implantation in the uterine wall, placental development and formation of the fetal membranes. Key topics include fetal circulation patterns and the roles of the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and placenta in nutrient/waste exchange between mother and fetus.
The foetal membranes
The document discusses the fetal membranes, which include the chorion and amnion. The chorion is the outer membrane that is attached to the placenta and uterine wall. The amnion lines the chorion and encloses the fetus and amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid provides protection and nutrition for the fetus, and aids in temperature regulation and movement. It is composed primarily of water, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals. The amniotic fluid circulates continuously, with production from the fetal membranes, fetal urine and transudation from maternal and fetal blood.
Placenta
The placenta is a temporary organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient, waste, and gas exchange. It has fetal and maternal components, and the umbilical cord transports substances between the mother and fetus. The placenta is typically disc-shaped, 15-20 cm in diameter, and located in the upper uterine segment. It facilitates respiratory, nutritive, excretory, and barrier functions between the mother and fetus. Abnormalities can include irregular shapes, sizes, positions, and adhesions that may impact development or require medical intervention.
Structure and function of placenta
The placenta has fetal and maternal portions separated by chorionic and decidual plates. Between the plates are intervillous spaces containing maternal blood. During months 4-5, decidual septa divide the placenta into compartments called cotyledons. The placenta exchanges gases, nutrients, electrolytes and antibodies between mother and fetus. It also produces hormones like progesterone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy.
Female reproductive system
This document provides an overview of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. It describes the histology and functions of each structure. In the ovaries, it summarizes oogenesis and follicular development, from primordial follicles containing primary oocytes through maturation and ovulation. The oviducts transport ova and provide a site for fertilization. The uterus provides support and nourishment to the embryo/fetus. The endometrium undergoes monthly changes in preparation for potential implantation. The cervix regulates passage between the uterus and vagina.
placenta
The placenta is a large organ that develops during pregnancy.Blood from the mother passes through the placenta, filtering oxygen, glucose and other nutrients to your baby via the umbilical cord.
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Theprocessofconception 100822024105-phpapp01
The document summarizes the process of conception from the release of an ovum and sperm through implantation and development of embryonic and fetal structures. It describes how a zygote forms when an ovum and sperm fuse, then divides and develops into a morula and blastocyst as it moves through the fallopian tubes and uterus. The blastocyst implants in the endometrium around 8-10 days after fertilization. The placenta and other structures such as the amniotic sac, amniotic fluid, chorionic villi, umbilical cord and decidua develop to support fetal growth and development.
The process of conception
The document summarizes the process of conception from the release of the ovum and sperm through implantation and development of embryonic and fetal structures. It describes how the ovum is released from the ovary and moves to the fallopian tubes, while sperm are ejaculated and undergo changes to be able to penetrate the ovum. Fertilization occurs if a sperm fuses with the ovum, and the zygote then moves to the uterus and undergoes cell division. It implants in the endometrium, forming the placenta and other structures to facilitate nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.
Physiology of Fertilization, Implantation, Placental & Fetal Development
The document discusses various aspects of human fertilization, implantation, placental and fetal development. It describes the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis, how sperm travel through the female reproductive tract and fertilize the egg in the fallopian tubes. It then covers the stages of early embryonic development, implantation in the uterine wall, placental development and formation of the fetal membranes. Key topics include fetal circulation patterns and the roles of the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and placenta in nutrient/waste exchange between mother and fetus.
The foetal membranes
The document discusses the fetal membranes, which include the chorion and amnion. The chorion is the outer membrane that is attached to the placenta and uterine wall. The amnion lines the chorion and encloses the fetus and amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid provides protection and nutrition for the fetus, and aids in temperature regulation and movement. It is composed primarily of water, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals. The amniotic fluid circulates continuously, with production from the fetal membranes, fetal urine and transudation from maternal and fetal blood.
Placenta
The placenta is a temporary organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient, waste, and gas exchange. It has fetal and maternal components, and the umbilical cord transports substances between the mother and fetus. The placenta is typically disc-shaped, 15-20 cm in diameter, and located in the upper uterine segment. It facilitates respiratory, nutritive, excretory, and barrier functions between the mother and fetus. Abnormalities can include irregular shapes, sizes, positions, and adhesions that may impact development or require medical intervention.
Structure and function of placenta
The placenta has fetal and maternal portions separated by chorionic and decidual plates. Between the plates are intervillous spaces containing maternal blood. During months 4-5, decidual septa divide the placenta into compartments called cotyledons. The placenta exchanges gases, nutrients, electrolytes and antibodies between mother and fetus. It also produces hormones like progesterone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy.
Female reproductive system
This document provides an overview of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. It describes the histology and functions of each structure. In the ovaries, it summarizes oogenesis and follicular development, from primordial follicles containing primary oocytes through maturation and ovulation. The oviducts transport ova and provide a site for fertilization. The uterus provides support and nourishment to the embryo/fetus. The endometrium undergoes monthly changes in preparation for potential implantation. The cervix regulates passage between the uterus and vagina.
placenta
The placenta is a large organ that develops during pregnancy.Blood from the mother passes through the placenta, filtering oxygen, glucose and other nutrients to your baby via the umbilical cord.
Placenta
The placenta forms from the fusion of fetal and maternal tissues to nourish the developing embryo. It is composed of the chorion, which contains villi from the fetus, and the decidua, which are tissues from the maternal uterus. The placenta allows nutrients, waste, and gases to pass between mother and fetus. It is found in nearly all mammals and some other viviparous species, and plays a vital role in sustaining pregnancy.
Female reproductive system
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the female reproductive system. It describes how the ovaries produce eggs and hormones, the fallopian tubes transport eggs to the uterus, and the uterus provides nourishment for a developing fetus. It also outlines the menstrual cycle and explains how the release of eggs, changes in hormones, and shedding of the uterine lining occur in a monthly cycle. Finally, it briefly discusses the breasts and their role in lactation after pregnancy.
Female reproductive system
The female reproductive system produces a finite number of eggs during fetal development. During puberty, hormones cause follicles in the ovaries to mature and release eggs, with only a small number reaching maturity. If an egg is fertilized, it develops in the uterus, whose lining changes each month in preparation. If not fertilized, the corpus luteum degrades and menstruation occurs.
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The placenta develops from extraembryonic membranes and allows for nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus through specialized structures. The placenta grows throughout pregnancy to support rapid fetal growth. It develops villi filled with fetal blood that project into the maternal blood-filled intervillous space, maximizing the surface area for transport. The placenta also acts as an endocrine organ, producing hormones to maintain pregnancy and adapt the mother's body. Its syncytiotrophoblast layer forms an immunological barrier to avoid rejection of paternal antigens.
Placenta types and grading
The document discusses the development and types of placentas. It begins by describing the early development of the placenta from the trophoblast cells. It then discusses the stages of placental development including the prelacunar, lacunar, villous, and maturity stages. The document concludes by describing some abnormal placenta shapes including bilobed, circumvallate, succenturiate, membranacea, and ring-shaped placentas. Ultrasound appearance of normal and some abnormal placentas is also presented.
Placenta
The placenta is a temporary organ that connects the developing foetus via the umbilical cord to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy. The placenta functions as a fetomaternal organ with two components: the fetal placenta which develops from the same blastocyst that forms the fetus, and the maternal placenta , which develops from the maternal uterine tissue. The placenta is expelled from the body upon birth of the fetus.
Fertilization, implantaion and embryology
1. The document summarizes key stages in human development from fertilization through embryonic and fetal development. It describes fertilization, cleavage, implantation, and the formation of the three germ layers and extraembryonic membranes.
2. Implantation of the blastocyst in the endometrium occurs around 7 days after fertilization. The trophoblast erodes into the endometrium and connections are made between embryonic and maternal blood vessels in the placenta.
3. The embryonic phase lasts until 8 weeks when major organ systems have begun to form and it is then called a fetus. By the end of the third month the placenta is functioning to exchange gases, nutrients, and waste
The placenta and fetal membranes
The human placenta is discoid, haemochorial, deciduate, and larynthine. It attaches to the uterine wall and connects the mother and fetus through the umbilical cord. The placenta undergoes development from implantation through the third trimester, forming the chorionic and basal plates separated by the intervillous space containing branching villi. The placenta acts as the site of nutrient, waste, and gas exchange between mother and fetus as well as producing important hormones. Various abnormalities can occur in placental shape, implantation, circulation or development that impact clinical outcomes.
Physiology of reproduction
The document summarizes the key stages in human reproduction from fertilization through early pregnancy development. It describes how sperm mature and are capacitated in the female reproductive tract. Upon ovulation, sperm meet and fertilize the ovum in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes cell division and develops into a blastocyst that implants in the uterus. The trophoblast cells of the blastocyst invade the uterine lining and develop into a placenta to exchange nutrients and waste with the mother's blood. Major developmental milestones in early pregnancy include chorion, amnion and decidua formation.
Placenta & Fetal membrane.Prof.Salah Roshdy
The document discusses the fetal membranes and placenta. It describes the origin and functions of the amnion, yolk sac, allantois, chorion and decidua. The amnion forms the amniotic sac that surrounds and cushions the embryo. The yolk sac provides early nutrition but shrinks by the 10th week. The allantois forms the umbilical vessels. The chorion forms the walls of the chorionic sac and develops chorionic villi to increase its surface area. The decidua is the endometrium that supports implantation and pregnancy. The placenta develops from the chorion and decidua and acts as the interface between mother and fetus, facilitating gas and
Placenta embryology
The placenta is a fetomaternal organ with fetal and maternal components that functions to protect the fetus, provide nutrition, aid respiration, perform excretion, and produce hormones. It develops from the chorionic sac and endometrium. In early development, chorionic villi form and connect to the embryo's circulatory system. Later, the villous chorion develops into the fetal part of the placenta while the decidua basalis forms the maternal part. At term, the placenta has a discoid shape and cotyledons, and the umbilical cord connects it to the fetus for nutrient/waste exchange across the placental membrane.
Placenta
The placenta develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus while removing waste products. It attaches to the uterine wall and the umbilical cord arises from the placenta. The placenta develops from the chorionic villi on the fetal side and the decidua basalis on the maternal side. It grows rapidly and eventually replaces most of the decidua basalis. At term, the placenta is a circular disc that is the site of maternal-fetal transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste and various proteins and hormones essential to the development and survival of the fetus.
Menstural cycle
The menstrual cycle involves a series of changes in the endometrium and ovaries that occurs approximately every 28 days in females of reproductive age. It can be divided into four phases: the menstrual phase where the endometrium sheds, the proliferative phase where the endometrium thickens in preparation for pregnancy, the ovulatory phase where an egg is released from the ovaries, and the secretory phase where the endometrium is prepared for implantation if fertilization occurs. If fertilization does not take place, hormone levels fall and the cycle begins again with menstruation.
3[1].palcenta fetal membrane
The document discusses the fetal membranes, placenta, and twinning. It describes the structures and functions of the fetal membranes including the chorion, amnion, yolk sac, and allantois. It then explains the anatomy and functions of the placenta as the interface between mother and fetus, allowing for nutrient/gas exchange and hormone production. Finally, it briefly covers the two types of twins - monozygotic (identical) twins from one zygote and dizygotic (non-identical) twins from two separate zygotes.
Reproductive health anantomy
This document provides definitions and descriptions of key terms related to male and female anatomy and reproduction. It discusses the importance of maintaining good sexual health by understanding and protecting the reproductive system. Key parts of the male anatomy defined include the penis, scrotum, testes, sperm, and other structures. Key parts of the female anatomy defined include the vulva, vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, eggs, and other structures. The document also notes some ways the reproductive system can be damaged, such as through drug use like marijuana.
Female reproductive system presentation
The female reproductive system consists of internal and external organs that work together to produce eggs, facilitate fertilization and pregnancy, and nourish infants. The internal organs include the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones, the fallopian tubes transport eggs to the uterus, and the uterus houses and nourishes an embryo. The external genitalia include the vagina and breasts. The vagina receives sperm and acts as the birth canal, while the breasts produce milk to nourish newborns.
Reproductive System
The female reproductive system undergoes a monthly cycle to prepare for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the thickened uterine lining sloughs off during menstruation. The cycle consists of three phases - the follicular phase where an egg is selected and matured, ovulation of the egg, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum secretes hormones in preparation for potential implantation. This cycle is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries and uterus.
Female Reproductive System
The female reproductive system functions to produce egg cells, transport them to the site of fertilization, provide nourishment and shelter for a developing fetus, and produce hormones. It consists of internal organs like the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina as well as external genitalia. Together, these organs support processes like menstruation, fertilization, pregnancy, birth, and lactation.
The male and female repro ib master
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the production of sex cells through meiosis and their roles in fertilization. It then details the key parts and functions of the male reproductive system including sperm production. For the female, it outlines the menstrual cycle, stages of development from fertilization to birth, and hormonal control of reproduction.
Female Reproductive System I
Histology of the Female Reproductive System I:
Ovaries
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Conception/Obstetrics Nursing
The document summarizes the processes of conception, fertilization, implantation, fetal development and the development of organ systems in the fetus. It describes how the ovum and sperm are produced, how fertilization occurs when the sperm meets the ovum, and how the zygote then implants in the uterus. It outlines the stages of development from zygote to embryo to fetus. It also provides details on fetal membranes, the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and placenta. Finally, it discusses the early development of major organ systems like the cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, digestive and respiratory systems in the fetus.
Reproductive System
The document summarizes the key structures and functions of the male and female reproductive systems. It identifies the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and penis as the main structures in the male system. It also describes spermatogenesis and the pathway of sperm. In the female system, it identifies the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina as the primary structures. It discusses oogenesis and the ovarian and uterine cycles.
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The placenta forms from the fusion of fetal and maternal tissues to nourish the developing embryo. It is composed of the chorion, which contains villi from the fetus, and the decidua, which are tissues from the maternal uterus. The placenta allows nutrients, waste, and gases to pass between mother and fetus. It is found in nearly all mammals and some other viviparous species, and plays a vital role in sustaining pregnancy.
Female reproductive system
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the female reproductive system. It describes how the ovaries produce eggs and hormones, the fallopian tubes transport eggs to the uterus, and the uterus provides nourishment for a developing fetus. It also outlines the menstrual cycle and explains how the release of eggs, changes in hormones, and shedding of the uterine lining occur in a monthly cycle. Finally, it briefly discusses the breasts and their role in lactation after pregnancy.
Female reproductive system
The female reproductive system produces a finite number of eggs during fetal development. During puberty, hormones cause follicles in the ovaries to mature and release eggs, with only a small number reaching maturity. If an egg is fertilized, it develops in the uterus, whose lining changes each month in preparation. If not fertilized, the corpus luteum degrades and menstruation occurs.
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The placenta develops from extraembryonic membranes and allows for nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus through specialized structures. The placenta grows throughout pregnancy to support rapid fetal growth. It develops villi filled with fetal blood that project into the maternal blood-filled intervillous space, maximizing the surface area for transport. The placenta also acts as an endocrine organ, producing hormones to maintain pregnancy and adapt the mother's body. Its syncytiotrophoblast layer forms an immunological barrier to avoid rejection of paternal antigens.
Placenta types and grading
The document discusses the development and types of placentas. It begins by describing the early development of the placenta from the trophoblast cells. It then discusses the stages of placental development including the prelacunar, lacunar, villous, and maturity stages. The document concludes by describing some abnormal placenta shapes including bilobed, circumvallate, succenturiate, membranacea, and ring-shaped placentas. Ultrasound appearance of normal and some abnormal placentas is also presented.
Placenta
The placenta is a temporary organ that connects the developing foetus via the umbilical cord to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy. The placenta functions as a fetomaternal organ with two components: the fetal placenta which develops from the same blastocyst that forms the fetus, and the maternal placenta , which develops from the maternal uterine tissue. The placenta is expelled from the body upon birth of the fetus.
Fertilization, implantaion and embryology
1. The document summarizes key stages in human development from fertilization through embryonic and fetal development. It describes fertilization, cleavage, implantation, and the formation of the three germ layers and extraembryonic membranes.
2. Implantation of the blastocyst in the endometrium occurs around 7 days after fertilization. The trophoblast erodes into the endometrium and connections are made between embryonic and maternal blood vessels in the placenta.
3. The embryonic phase lasts until 8 weeks when major organ systems have begun to form and it is then called a fetus. By the end of the third month the placenta is functioning to exchange gases, nutrients, and waste
The placenta and fetal membranes
The human placenta is discoid, haemochorial, deciduate, and larynthine. It attaches to the uterine wall and connects the mother and fetus through the umbilical cord. The placenta undergoes development from implantation through the third trimester, forming the chorionic and basal plates separated by the intervillous space containing branching villi. The placenta acts as the site of nutrient, waste, and gas exchange between mother and fetus as well as producing important hormones. Various abnormalities can occur in placental shape, implantation, circulation or development that impact clinical outcomes.
Physiology of reproduction
The document summarizes the key stages in human reproduction from fertilization through early pregnancy development. It describes how sperm mature and are capacitated in the female reproductive tract. Upon ovulation, sperm meet and fertilize the ovum in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes cell division and develops into a blastocyst that implants in the uterus. The trophoblast cells of the blastocyst invade the uterine lining and develop into a placenta to exchange nutrients and waste with the mother's blood. Major developmental milestones in early pregnancy include chorion, amnion and decidua formation.
Placenta & Fetal membrane.Prof.Salah Roshdy
The document discusses the fetal membranes and placenta. It describes the origin and functions of the amnion, yolk sac, allantois, chorion and decidua. The amnion forms the amniotic sac that surrounds and cushions the embryo. The yolk sac provides early nutrition but shrinks by the 10th week. The allantois forms the umbilical vessels. The chorion forms the walls of the chorionic sac and develops chorionic villi to increase its surface area. The decidua is the endometrium that supports implantation and pregnancy. The placenta develops from the chorion and decidua and acts as the interface between mother and fetus, facilitating gas and
Placenta embryology
The placenta is a fetomaternal organ with fetal and maternal components that functions to protect the fetus, provide nutrition, aid respiration, perform excretion, and produce hormones. It develops from the chorionic sac and endometrium. In early development, chorionic villi form and connect to the embryo's circulatory system. Later, the villous chorion develops into the fetal part of the placenta while the decidua basalis forms the maternal part. At term, the placenta has a discoid shape and cotyledons, and the umbilical cord connects it to the fetus for nutrient/waste exchange across the placental membrane.
Placenta
The placenta develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus while removing waste products. It attaches to the uterine wall and the umbilical cord arises from the placenta. The placenta develops from the chorionic villi on the fetal side and the decidua basalis on the maternal side. It grows rapidly and eventually replaces most of the decidua basalis. At term, the placenta is a circular disc that is the site of maternal-fetal transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste and various proteins and hormones essential to the development and survival of the fetus.
Menstural cycle
The menstrual cycle involves a series of changes in the endometrium and ovaries that occurs approximately every 28 days in females of reproductive age. It can be divided into four phases: the menstrual phase where the endometrium sheds, the proliferative phase where the endometrium thickens in preparation for pregnancy, the ovulatory phase where an egg is released from the ovaries, and the secretory phase where the endometrium is prepared for implantation if fertilization occurs. If fertilization does not take place, hormone levels fall and the cycle begins again with menstruation.
3[1].palcenta fetal membrane
The document discusses the fetal membranes, placenta, and twinning. It describes the structures and functions of the fetal membranes including the chorion, amnion, yolk sac, and allantois. It then explains the anatomy and functions of the placenta as the interface between mother and fetus, allowing for nutrient/gas exchange and hormone production. Finally, it briefly covers the two types of twins - monozygotic (identical) twins from one zygote and dizygotic (non-identical) twins from two separate zygotes.
Reproductive health anantomy
This document provides definitions and descriptions of key terms related to male and female anatomy and reproduction. It discusses the importance of maintaining good sexual health by understanding and protecting the reproductive system. Key parts of the male anatomy defined include the penis, scrotum, testes, sperm, and other structures. Key parts of the female anatomy defined include the vulva, vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, eggs, and other structures. The document also notes some ways the reproductive system can be damaged, such as through drug use like marijuana.
Female reproductive system presentation
The female reproductive system consists of internal and external organs that work together to produce eggs, facilitate fertilization and pregnancy, and nourish infants. The internal organs include the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones, the fallopian tubes transport eggs to the uterus, and the uterus houses and nourishes an embryo. The external genitalia include the vagina and breasts. The vagina receives sperm and acts as the birth canal, while the breasts produce milk to nourish newborns.
Reproductive System
The female reproductive system undergoes a monthly cycle to prepare for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the thickened uterine lining sloughs off during menstruation. The cycle consists of three phases - the follicular phase where an egg is selected and matured, ovulation of the egg, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum secretes hormones in preparation for potential implantation. This cycle is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries and uterus.
Female Reproductive System
The female reproductive system functions to produce egg cells, transport them to the site of fertilization, provide nourishment and shelter for a developing fetus, and produce hormones. It consists of internal organs like the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina as well as external genitalia. Together, these organs support processes like menstruation, fertilization, pregnancy, birth, and lactation.
The male and female repro ib master
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the production of sex cells through meiosis and their roles in fertilization. It then details the key parts and functions of the male reproductive system including sperm production. For the female, it outlines the menstrual cycle, stages of development from fertilization to birth, and hormonal control of reproduction.
Female Reproductive System I
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The placenta arises from trophoblast tissue and serves as the fetal lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract throughout pregnancy. It grows equally with the fetus. At term, the placenta is 15-20cm in diameter, 2-3cm thick, and covers half the internal uterus. The placenta establishes circulation between mother and fetus by the 12th day of pregnancy through chorionic villi, allowing nutrients to pass selectively between the maternal and fetal blood while preventing direct exchange. It produces hormones and facilitates gas and nutrient exchange until birth.
Female repr sy
The document summarizes the microscopic structure and function of the female reproductive system. It describes the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia. It explains the ovarian cycle of follicle development and corpus luteum formation. It also summarizes the menstrual cycle and how it relates to changes in the ovarian cycle and endometrium under the influence of hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
The Female Reproductive System.pptx female reproductive system
During fetal development, germ cells in the ovaries develop into millions of primary oocytes, though most degenerate. At birth around 1 million remain arrested in prophase I of meiosis. Each month in reproductive years, a few follicles mature under FSH, with one oocyte resuming meiosis I and being ovulated as a secondary oocyte. If fertilized, meiosis II is completed, forming an embryo; if not, the corpus luteum regresses and menstruation occurs. The ovaries, uterus, and other female reproductive organs work together in this monthly cycle of reproduction.
The female reproductive system
During fetal development, germ cells in the ovaries develop into oogonia which then become primary oocytes. By birth around 1 million primordial follicles exist, each containing an immature oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cells. At puberty only around 400,000 remain. Each month several follicles mature under FSH stimulation, with one oocyte resuming meiosis I and being ovulated while the others degenerate. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses and menstruation begins. The female reproductive system includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.
placenta.ppt
The placenta develops from the trophoblast layers of the fertilized egg and connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall. It allows for nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus's blood supply. The placenta grows throughout pregnancy and is fully developed by the end of the first trimester. It has both a maternal and fetal surface and connects to the fetus via the umbilical cord. The placenta functions to provide nutrition, gas exchange, waste removal, hormone production, storage, and protection for the fetus. Abnormalities like placenta accreta, increta, percreta, previa and abruptio placentae can complicate delivery and cause hemorrhaging. The placent
Similar to The process of conception (20)
Fertilization, placenta, umbilical cord& amniotic fluid
Fertilization, placenta, umbilical cord& amniotic fluid
The Female Reproductive System.pptx female reproductive system
The Female Reproductive System.pptx female reproductive system
The process of conception
- 1. THE PROCESS OF CONCEPTION
- 2. OVA Released from the Graafian Follicle Will be surrounded by a ring of mucopolysaccharide fluid (Zonapellucida) and a circle of cells (Corona radiata) Zonapellucida and Corona Radiata protects the ova by serving as a buffer against injury Moves from the ovary to the fallopian tube through the cilia and peristaltic movement of fallopian tube
- 3. SPERM Per ejaculation, 2.5ml semen containing 50-200M spermatozoa is released (ave 400M sperm/ejaculation) Moves through the cervix, uterus, fallopian tube because of their flagella and uterine contractions Undergoes CAPACITATION (changes in the plasma membrane of the sperm head to reveal sperm binding receptor sites) before penetrating into the corona radiata
- 4. Sperm clusters around coronal cells Will release HYALURONIDASE (proteolytic enzyme) to dissolve the corona radiata Sperm penetrates the cell; cell membrane of ova changes composition to become impenetrable to other sperm
- 5. Sperm and ova fuse carrying 23 pairs of chromosomes each If sperm carries X sex chromosome paired with the ovum X chromosome = female zygote If sperm carries Y sex chromosome paired with the ovum X chromosome = male zygote
- 6. IMPLANTATION Zygote move from fallopian tube to uterus It will undergo series of mitotic divisions resulting to a cleavage formation, 1 in every 22 hour, with the cleavage division happening 24 hours after fertilization Once it reaches the uterus, zygote is now composed of 32 -50 ball of cell termed as a MORULA
- 7. Another 3-4 days, morula becomes a BLASTOCYST consisting of: An inner cell mass which will become the future embryo Trophoblast which will become the placenta and membranes
- 8. At approx 8-10 days after fertilization, blastocyst attaches to the endometrium Sheds off last residues of corona radiata and zonapellucida Brushes against endometrium (apposition) and settles down A slight vaginal bleeding is experienced during implantation stage because capillaries are ruptured by the implanting trophoblast cells
- 10. Deciduacapsularis – portion that stretches or encapsulates the surface of the trophoblast
- 12. They begin the formation of the placenta
- 15. Has 25-30 cotyledons (placental compartments that lie on the maternal side)
- 16. Has 2 sides
- 17. Maternal – dirty rough
- 19. Secretes endocrine hormones (syncytial cells)
- 20. hCG – 1st placental hormone - enusures corpus luteum to continuously produce progesterone and estrogen - supresses maternal immunologic reaction so that placental tissue is not detected and rejected as a foreign substance
- 24. Slightly alkaline pH 7.2
- 26. Protects fetus from temperature change
- 27. Aids in muscular development because it allows fetus’ freedom to move
- 30. Amniotic membrane – 2nd membrane lining the chorionic membrane; forms beneath the chorion - produces amniotic fluid - produces phospholipid that initiates the formation of prostaglandins which can cause uterine contractions and may be the trigger that initiates labor
- 32. 53cm (21 in) length; 2 cm thick
- 33. Wharton’s jelly – a gelatinous mucopolysaccharide that forms the bulk of the umbilical cord giving it its body; prevents pressure on the veins and arteries
- 34. Outer surface is covered with amniotic membrane
- 36. Walls are with smooth muscles, no nerve supply
- 37. Function: