The potential of coconut oil and its derivatives as effective and safe antiviral agents against the novel coronavirus (n cov 2019) - ateneo de manila university
The document summarizes research on the potential antiviral properties of coconut oil and its derivatives, lauric acid and monolaurin, against coronaviruses like COVID-19. It discusses three mechanisms by which lauric acid and monolaurin can inactivate viruses: by disintegrating the viral envelope, inhibiting the virus maturation process, and preventing viral proteins from binding to host cells. Animal and human studies show coconut oil and its derivatives are effective and safe antiviral treatments. The authors propose clinical trials using coconut oil, monolaurin, and other derivatives with COVID-19 patients to evaluate their effectiveness.
Ligand and structure based drug design against antimicrobial resistance induc...Mohit Kumar
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found usually in the stomach of a person with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers. More than 50% of the world’s population harbor H. pylori in their upper gastrointestinal tract. About 85% of people infected with H. pylori never experience symptoms or complications. Individuals with chronic gastritis and infected with H. pylori have a 10 to 20% lifetime risk of developing peptic ulcers, MALT lymphoma, the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and several extra-gastric diseases. No vaccines are developed yet and the bacterial antibiotic resistance has been a growing concern. Helicobacter pylori produce virulence and antibiotic resistance through quorum sensing mechanisms by generating AI-2. Inhibition of quorum sensing would be a novel approach for the effective treatment of antibiotic-resistant strains of H. pylori. Chemical nature of AI-2 is furanosyl borate diester which is generated from 4,5-dihydroxy 2,3-pentanedione (DPD). But there are no synthetic congeners of AI-2 and DPD compounds tested against H. pylori till date. Therefore, it is the aim of the present study to design some potent AI-2 and DPD compounds under the framework of pharmacophore modeling.
Biochemical Monitoring of Detoxifying Enzyme Levels in Field Population of Mo...BRNSS Publication Hub
The major cause of resistance mechanism in mosquitoes is the detoxification and degradation of
insecticides by overproduction of various metabolic enzymes. Quantitative metabolic enzyme assays
of carboxylesterases (α and β), mixed function oxidases (MFO), and glutathione S-transferases (GST)
have been commonly used in the detection of insecticide resistance due to its sensitive nature even at low
frequencies. For the present study, larval strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti (L) were
collected from the Cochin Corporation, Kerala, India, and were assayed to organophosphate temephos
and carbamate propoxur. The resistance ratio of median lethal time for temephos and propoxur from the
field population of C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti is higher than the laboratory population. Elevated
levels of α and β esterase enzyme were observed with the ratio of 1.6 and 1.54 for C. quinquefasciatus
and 1.51 and 1.47 for A. aegypti. In Culex mosquitoes, 1.71, and in Aedes, 1.64 fold increase in GST
enzyme level and 1.38 and 1.3 fold increase for the MFO level determined. The study results revealed
the urgent needs of improving the vector control methods by introducing alternative techniques and
strategies against mosquitoes.
ABSTRACT- Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a widely distributed pest in South-East Asia, feeding on 63 plant species belonging to 22 families. It is a serious pest of soybean, pulses oilseeds, cotton and vegetables. In an outbreak phase, this insect can completely defoliate large area of crops causing reduction in yield. Heavy use of synthetic organic insecticides to control this pest resulted in the development of resistance against insecticides of different groups. Although a variety of agrochemicals are used for growing crops, little is known about their direct or indirect effects on nontarget organisms including insect pests. Therefore, alternative control measures have been searched out for this noxious pest. By adopting probable and advanced management practices this important pest can be managed. Key-words- Spodoptera litura, Bioassay, agrochemicals, Growth and development, Polyphagous pest
Aluminium hydroxide, Aluminium phosphate and calcium phosphate are used as adjuvant in (TT) vaccine. In this review mechanism, potency, benefits and limitations of alum adjuvant have been discussed.
Ligand and structure based drug design against antimicrobial resistance induc...Mohit Kumar
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found usually in the stomach of a person with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers. More than 50% of the world’s population harbor H. pylori in their upper gastrointestinal tract. About 85% of people infected with H. pylori never experience symptoms or complications. Individuals with chronic gastritis and infected with H. pylori have a 10 to 20% lifetime risk of developing peptic ulcers, MALT lymphoma, the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and several extra-gastric diseases. No vaccines are developed yet and the bacterial antibiotic resistance has been a growing concern. Helicobacter pylori produce virulence and antibiotic resistance through quorum sensing mechanisms by generating AI-2. Inhibition of quorum sensing would be a novel approach for the effective treatment of antibiotic-resistant strains of H. pylori. Chemical nature of AI-2 is furanosyl borate diester which is generated from 4,5-dihydroxy 2,3-pentanedione (DPD). But there are no synthetic congeners of AI-2 and DPD compounds tested against H. pylori till date. Therefore, it is the aim of the present study to design some potent AI-2 and DPD compounds under the framework of pharmacophore modeling.
Biochemical Monitoring of Detoxifying Enzyme Levels in Field Population of Mo...BRNSS Publication Hub
The major cause of resistance mechanism in mosquitoes is the detoxification and degradation of
insecticides by overproduction of various metabolic enzymes. Quantitative metabolic enzyme assays
of carboxylesterases (α and β), mixed function oxidases (MFO), and glutathione S-transferases (GST)
have been commonly used in the detection of insecticide resistance due to its sensitive nature even at low
frequencies. For the present study, larval strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti (L) were
collected from the Cochin Corporation, Kerala, India, and were assayed to organophosphate temephos
and carbamate propoxur. The resistance ratio of median lethal time for temephos and propoxur from the
field population of C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti is higher than the laboratory population. Elevated
levels of α and β esterase enzyme were observed with the ratio of 1.6 and 1.54 for C. quinquefasciatus
and 1.51 and 1.47 for A. aegypti. In Culex mosquitoes, 1.71, and in Aedes, 1.64 fold increase in GST
enzyme level and 1.38 and 1.3 fold increase for the MFO level determined. The study results revealed
the urgent needs of improving the vector control methods by introducing alternative techniques and
strategies against mosquitoes.
ABSTRACT- Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a widely distributed pest in South-East Asia, feeding on 63 plant species belonging to 22 families. It is a serious pest of soybean, pulses oilseeds, cotton and vegetables. In an outbreak phase, this insect can completely defoliate large area of crops causing reduction in yield. Heavy use of synthetic organic insecticides to control this pest resulted in the development of resistance against insecticides of different groups. Although a variety of agrochemicals are used for growing crops, little is known about their direct or indirect effects on nontarget organisms including insect pests. Therefore, alternative control measures have been searched out for this noxious pest. By adopting probable and advanced management practices this important pest can be managed. Key-words- Spodoptera litura, Bioassay, agrochemicals, Growth and development, Polyphagous pest
Aluminium hydroxide, Aluminium phosphate and calcium phosphate are used as adjuvant in (TT) vaccine. In this review mechanism, potency, benefits and limitations of alum adjuvant have been discussed.
Molecular docking studies of gloriosa superba for anti cancer and anti tuberc...Jing Zang
Gloriosa superba is a medicinal plant generally found in western parts of Tamilnadu and kerala in India. Gloriosa superba having the medicinal property of anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti Tuberculosis and mutagenic activities. In this studies we are going to analysis the anti cancer and anti tuberculosis property of Gloriosa superba by using molecular docking studies. Cancer is a major cause of death and the number of new cases, as well as the number of individuals living with cancer, is expanding continuously. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide . Tuberculosis is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria , usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. The phytochemicals of Gloriosa superba are analysed and optimized with the Arguslab to investigate the interactions between the target compounds and the amino acid residues of the E7 and DAHP. All the compound have shown binding pose between from – 3.25 to -7.95 and -7.95 into -11.40 out of ten compound .Chrysophanic acid with E7 protein and Colchicine with DAHP protein show best ligand energy -9.52049 and -7.47679Kcal/mol with 1 and 3 hydrogen bond of distance is 2.3 and 2.2,2.9 and 3.2 respectively .
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis cause severe disease of lungs known as Tuberculosis. It is a major cause
of morbidity and mortality even in the emerging countries also. However, to prepare an antibiotics drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major challenge
Comparative antimicrobial activity of aspirin, paracetamol, flunixin meglumin...Bhoj Raj Singh
• Some of the tested drugs (NSAIDs including aspirin, diclofenac, meloxicam & flunixin meglumine) possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity but not in therapeutically achievable non-toxic concentrations in the body. Paracetamol was the least effective as antimicrobial similar to pheniramine maleate.
• A few of the NSAIDs may be evaluated as topical use antimicrobials (aspirin, diclofenac & flunixin) being microbial growth inhibitors at 0.128% concentration, similar levels of antimicrobial drugs including antibiotics are often used in topical antiseptic preparations (gels/ ointments/creams/powders/ lotions).
• Studies should be conducted on synergism/ antagonism of NSAIDs with commonly used antibiotics and herbal antimicrobials so that antimicrobial potential of NSAIDs can be therapeutically utilized.
• Susceptibility of bacteria to NSAIDs may be an aid in the differentiation of a few bacteria like Klebsiella and Raoultella; Enterococcus and Streptococcus (meloxicam); Bacillus and Paenibacillus (Diclofenac). However, multicentric studies on a greater number of strains are essential to establish the difference.
Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room AirBhoj Raj Singh
In the study, the effect of the Gayatri Mantra playing for 24 hr on microbial quality of air was examined in 12 rooms of scientists of the ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India willing to participate in the study and in 7 empty classroom/ examination hall lying vacant since March 2020 due to COVID-19. Of the empty rooms, 6 were used as the control for the first two days, then after a week, all rooms were also used to detect the effect of playing the Gayatri Mantra. A total of 31 bacterial species of medical importance were isolated and identified in the air of the rooms. After playing the Gayatri Mantra in Raag Bhairvi for 24 h bacterial count significantly decreased in rooms inhabited by vegetarian (OR 24, CI 95: 0.00-0.88; p, 0.036) than in rooms occupied by non-vegetarians. Rooms occupied by vegetarians. The effect of Gayatri Mantra in the empty room had no significant difference but bacterial count reduced. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarian increased significantly post Mantra playing. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarians and empty rooms varied significantly (OR 18, p, 0.02, CI 95: 0.00 – 0.79). Empty rooms with and without mantra not varied significantly for the reduction of the bacterial count. Paenibacillus spp. was not detected in any of the 12 rooms occupied by the scientists/ staff but in 3 of the 7 empty rooms (p, 0.01) it was detected even without playing any mantra. It indicated that daily disturbance in the environment may be detrimental to the survival of Paenibacillus spp. After playing Mantra P. alvei, P. cookie, P. lautus were detected in 5 of the seven rooms occupied by Non-vegetarians, while P. pantothenicus continued to be present in three of the vacant rooms even after playing the Mantra. Paenibacillus spp. bacteria are known for their probiotic potential and its significance in the study is not clear. It seems that the Gayatri mantra has some enrichment effect on Paenibacillus spp. but a detrimental effect on other microbes.
Dietary uptake of environmental dsRNA in humans and other vertebrates - Thais...OECD Environment
10-12 April 2019: The OECD Conference on RNAi based pesticides provided an overview on the current status and future possibilities for the regulation of externally applied dsRNA-based products that are proposed for use as pesticides. The event facilitated exchanges between policy makers, academia, industry on their implications in health, environment, and regulation.
Toxicity and Disruptive Impacts of Novaluron, A Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, o...ijtsrd
The olive leaf moth Palpita unionalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an economic pest of the commercial olive groves in Egypt and different Mediterranean countries. The present study was conducted aiming to assess the effects of Novaluron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on survival, growth, development and metamorphosis of this pest. The newly moulted last instar (6th) larvae had been treated with six concentrations (100.0, 10.0, 1.00, 0.10, 0.01 and 0.001 ppm), via the fresh olive leaves, as food. Different degrees of toxicity were recorded on all developmental stages. LC50 was calculated in 0.97 ppm. The somatic weight gain of larvae was drastically reduced and the larval growth rate was severely regressed, regardless the concentration. The larval duration was generally shortened but the pupal duration was remarkably prolonged, in a dose-dependent manner. The pupation rate was regressed, especially at the higher four concentrations. The metamorphosis program was impaired, since larval-pupal intermediates had been produced at some concentrations. In addition, the pupal morphogenesis was disrupted, since some pupal deformities had been observed at some concentrations. K. Ghoneim | Kh. Hamadah | A.N. Mansour | A. A. Abo Elsoud"Toxicity and Disruptive Impacts of Novaluron, A Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, on Development and Metamorphosis of The Olive Leaf Moth Palpita unionalis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd117.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/117/toxicity-and-disruptive-impacts-of-novaluron-a-chitin-synthesis-inhibitor-on-development-and-metamorphosis-of-the-olive-leaf-moth-palpita-unionalis/k-ghoneim
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
HIV-1 Control: Exploiting the HERV-K102 - AFP Immunosenescence ParadigmDr. Marian Laderoute
This slide deck reviews evidence supporting a role of the HERV-K102-AFP immunosenescence paradigm in HIV-1 pathogenesis. It also discusses how this paradigm could be exploited for HIV-1 cure and therapeutic vaccines. Moreover, that human endogenous retrovirus K102 (HERV-K102), which is a foamy retrovirus unique to humans, could be used for gene therapy against HIV-1 as a replication competent (possibly transmissible) protector virus for a sterilizing cure/vaccine. A must read for anyone working on the HIV cure or vaccine.
Genetic engineering is the best technology that is promoting the world and this technology is applied to many plants, animals and microorganisms. It has wider applications in the field of Biology, Medicine, Industry, Research, Agriculture and many other fields of science. In this research paper I update the Roles of Genetic Engineering in Agriculture, Animals, Human enhancement and Evolution, Bacteriophage Against Infectious Diseases, Medicines, Phage in Infectious Diseases, Biofuels Production and Improve Plant Performance Under Drought.
Nanoencapsulation of essential oils with enhanced antimicrobial activity: A n...Uploadworld
Microorganisms have over the years evolved and developed resistance to available antimicrobials. This has cause a great impact to the world over health wise and socioeconomically. They are developing resistance at a very fast rate that current technologies and new drug developments in the pharmaceutical industries are unable to catch up.
Synergistic effects of 18 flavonoids (11 glycosides and flavones, 01 flavones diglycoside, 04 chalcones and 02 aglycones) in combination with different anti-fungal agents against fungal strains were investigated. The agar diffusion assay of these flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents was tested. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of each of the flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents were determined by using checkerboard broth micro dilution assay. Flavones diglycoside (3, 5-dihydroxy flavones 7-O-b-D-glucuronide-4-O-b-D-glucopyranside) potentiated the in vitro and in vivo activity against fungal strains. The flavones diglycoside reduced MIC of amphotericin-B to one half against different fungal strains, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans 1202. Although moderate change between in vitro and in vivo studies have been found, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in flavonoid action will have many health benefits to man. In conclusion, these findings suggested that flavonoid combination regimens may be considered as an useful candidate for the treatment of fungal infection.
La historia de la humanidad ha sido testigo de varias pandemias a lo largo, y estas causan efectos desastrosos en la salud humana y la economía
del país. Una vez más, después del SARS (síndrome respiratorio agudo severo) y MERS (síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio), el mundo está
pasando por un momento muy difícil luchando contra un enemigo invisible, el nuevo coronavirus COVID-19. Observado inicialmente en la provincia
de Wuhan en China, ahora se ha extendido por 210 países. El número de casos confirmados afectados por corona ha alcanzado> 3 millones en
todo el mundo y el número de muertos ha llegado a 258,481 como el 6 th Mayo de 2020. Los investigadores están trabajando las veinticuatro horas
del día, formando esfuerzos de colaboración y compartiendo sus datos para encontrar una cura para esta enfermedad. El nuevo genoma del
coronavirus se secuenció rápidamente y los datos clínicos y epidemiológicos se recopilan y analizan continuamente. Estos datos son cruciales para
formular mejores políticas de salud pública y desarrollar medicamentos y vacunas antivirales. Como no existe una vacuna disponible en el mercado
contra COVID.
Molecular docking studies of gloriosa superba for anti cancer and anti tuberc...Jing Zang
Gloriosa superba is a medicinal plant generally found in western parts of Tamilnadu and kerala in India. Gloriosa superba having the medicinal property of anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti Tuberculosis and mutagenic activities. In this studies we are going to analysis the anti cancer and anti tuberculosis property of Gloriosa superba by using molecular docking studies. Cancer is a major cause of death and the number of new cases, as well as the number of individuals living with cancer, is expanding continuously. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide . Tuberculosis is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria , usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. The phytochemicals of Gloriosa superba are analysed and optimized with the Arguslab to investigate the interactions between the target compounds and the amino acid residues of the E7 and DAHP. All the compound have shown binding pose between from – 3.25 to -7.95 and -7.95 into -11.40 out of ten compound .Chrysophanic acid with E7 protein and Colchicine with DAHP protein show best ligand energy -9.52049 and -7.47679Kcal/mol with 1 and 3 hydrogen bond of distance is 2.3 and 2.2,2.9 and 3.2 respectively .
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis cause severe disease of lungs known as Tuberculosis. It is a major cause
of morbidity and mortality even in the emerging countries also. However, to prepare an antibiotics drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major challenge
Comparative antimicrobial activity of aspirin, paracetamol, flunixin meglumin...Bhoj Raj Singh
• Some of the tested drugs (NSAIDs including aspirin, diclofenac, meloxicam & flunixin meglumine) possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity but not in therapeutically achievable non-toxic concentrations in the body. Paracetamol was the least effective as antimicrobial similar to pheniramine maleate.
• A few of the NSAIDs may be evaluated as topical use antimicrobials (aspirin, diclofenac & flunixin) being microbial growth inhibitors at 0.128% concentration, similar levels of antimicrobial drugs including antibiotics are often used in topical antiseptic preparations (gels/ ointments/creams/powders/ lotions).
• Studies should be conducted on synergism/ antagonism of NSAIDs with commonly used antibiotics and herbal antimicrobials so that antimicrobial potential of NSAIDs can be therapeutically utilized.
• Susceptibility of bacteria to NSAIDs may be an aid in the differentiation of a few bacteria like Klebsiella and Raoultella; Enterococcus and Streptococcus (meloxicam); Bacillus and Paenibacillus (Diclofenac). However, multicentric studies on a greater number of strains are essential to establish the difference.
Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room AirBhoj Raj Singh
In the study, the effect of the Gayatri Mantra playing for 24 hr on microbial quality of air was examined in 12 rooms of scientists of the ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India willing to participate in the study and in 7 empty classroom/ examination hall lying vacant since March 2020 due to COVID-19. Of the empty rooms, 6 were used as the control for the first two days, then after a week, all rooms were also used to detect the effect of playing the Gayatri Mantra. A total of 31 bacterial species of medical importance were isolated and identified in the air of the rooms. After playing the Gayatri Mantra in Raag Bhairvi for 24 h bacterial count significantly decreased in rooms inhabited by vegetarian (OR 24, CI 95: 0.00-0.88; p, 0.036) than in rooms occupied by non-vegetarians. Rooms occupied by vegetarians. The effect of Gayatri Mantra in the empty room had no significant difference but bacterial count reduced. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarian increased significantly post Mantra playing. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarians and empty rooms varied significantly (OR 18, p, 0.02, CI 95: 0.00 – 0.79). Empty rooms with and without mantra not varied significantly for the reduction of the bacterial count. Paenibacillus spp. was not detected in any of the 12 rooms occupied by the scientists/ staff but in 3 of the 7 empty rooms (p, 0.01) it was detected even without playing any mantra. It indicated that daily disturbance in the environment may be detrimental to the survival of Paenibacillus spp. After playing Mantra P. alvei, P. cookie, P. lautus were detected in 5 of the seven rooms occupied by Non-vegetarians, while P. pantothenicus continued to be present in three of the vacant rooms even after playing the Mantra. Paenibacillus spp. bacteria are known for their probiotic potential and its significance in the study is not clear. It seems that the Gayatri mantra has some enrichment effect on Paenibacillus spp. but a detrimental effect on other microbes.
Dietary uptake of environmental dsRNA in humans and other vertebrates - Thais...OECD Environment
10-12 April 2019: The OECD Conference on RNAi based pesticides provided an overview on the current status and future possibilities for the regulation of externally applied dsRNA-based products that are proposed for use as pesticides. The event facilitated exchanges between policy makers, academia, industry on their implications in health, environment, and regulation.
Toxicity and Disruptive Impacts of Novaluron, A Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, o...ijtsrd
The olive leaf moth Palpita unionalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an economic pest of the commercial olive groves in Egypt and different Mediterranean countries. The present study was conducted aiming to assess the effects of Novaluron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on survival, growth, development and metamorphosis of this pest. The newly moulted last instar (6th) larvae had been treated with six concentrations (100.0, 10.0, 1.00, 0.10, 0.01 and 0.001 ppm), via the fresh olive leaves, as food. Different degrees of toxicity were recorded on all developmental stages. LC50 was calculated in 0.97 ppm. The somatic weight gain of larvae was drastically reduced and the larval growth rate was severely regressed, regardless the concentration. The larval duration was generally shortened but the pupal duration was remarkably prolonged, in a dose-dependent manner. The pupation rate was regressed, especially at the higher four concentrations. The metamorphosis program was impaired, since larval-pupal intermediates had been produced at some concentrations. In addition, the pupal morphogenesis was disrupted, since some pupal deformities had been observed at some concentrations. K. Ghoneim | Kh. Hamadah | A.N. Mansour | A. A. Abo Elsoud"Toxicity and Disruptive Impacts of Novaluron, A Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, on Development and Metamorphosis of The Olive Leaf Moth Palpita unionalis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd117.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/117/toxicity-and-disruptive-impacts-of-novaluron-a-chitin-synthesis-inhibitor-on-development-and-metamorphosis-of-the-olive-leaf-moth-palpita-unionalis/k-ghoneim
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
HIV-1 Control: Exploiting the HERV-K102 - AFP Immunosenescence ParadigmDr. Marian Laderoute
This slide deck reviews evidence supporting a role of the HERV-K102-AFP immunosenescence paradigm in HIV-1 pathogenesis. It also discusses how this paradigm could be exploited for HIV-1 cure and therapeutic vaccines. Moreover, that human endogenous retrovirus K102 (HERV-K102), which is a foamy retrovirus unique to humans, could be used for gene therapy against HIV-1 as a replication competent (possibly transmissible) protector virus for a sterilizing cure/vaccine. A must read for anyone working on the HIV cure or vaccine.
Genetic engineering is the best technology that is promoting the world and this technology is applied to many plants, animals and microorganisms. It has wider applications in the field of Biology, Medicine, Industry, Research, Agriculture and many other fields of science. In this research paper I update the Roles of Genetic Engineering in Agriculture, Animals, Human enhancement and Evolution, Bacteriophage Against Infectious Diseases, Medicines, Phage in Infectious Diseases, Biofuels Production and Improve Plant Performance Under Drought.
Similar to The potential of coconut oil and its derivatives as effective and safe antiviral agents against the novel coronavirus (n cov 2019) - ateneo de manila university
Nanoencapsulation of essential oils with enhanced antimicrobial activity: A n...Uploadworld
Microorganisms have over the years evolved and developed resistance to available antimicrobials. This has cause a great impact to the world over health wise and socioeconomically. They are developing resistance at a very fast rate that current technologies and new drug developments in the pharmaceutical industries are unable to catch up.
Synergistic effects of 18 flavonoids (11 glycosides and flavones, 01 flavones diglycoside, 04 chalcones and 02 aglycones) in combination with different anti-fungal agents against fungal strains were investigated. The agar diffusion assay of these flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents was tested. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of each of the flavonoids with different anti-fungal agents were determined by using checkerboard broth micro dilution assay. Flavones diglycoside (3, 5-dihydroxy flavones 7-O-b-D-glucuronide-4-O-b-D-glucopyranside) potentiated the in vitro and in vivo activity against fungal strains. The flavones diglycoside reduced MIC of amphotericin-B to one half against different fungal strains, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans 1202. Although moderate change between in vitro and in vivo studies have been found, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in flavonoid action will have many health benefits to man. In conclusion, these findings suggested that flavonoid combination regimens may be considered as an useful candidate for the treatment of fungal infection.
La historia de la humanidad ha sido testigo de varias pandemias a lo largo, y estas causan efectos desastrosos en la salud humana y la economía
del país. Una vez más, después del SARS (síndrome respiratorio agudo severo) y MERS (síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio), el mundo está
pasando por un momento muy difícil luchando contra un enemigo invisible, el nuevo coronavirus COVID-19. Observado inicialmente en la provincia
de Wuhan en China, ahora se ha extendido por 210 países. El número de casos confirmados afectados por corona ha alcanzado> 3 millones en
todo el mundo y el número de muertos ha llegado a 258,481 como el 6 th Mayo de 2020. Los investigadores están trabajando las veinticuatro horas
del día, formando esfuerzos de colaboración y compartiendo sus datos para encontrar una cura para esta enfermedad. El nuevo genoma del
coronavirus se secuenció rápidamente y los datos clínicos y epidemiológicos se recopilan y analizan continuamente. Estos datos son cruciales para
formular mejores políticas de salud pública y desarrollar medicamentos y vacunas antivirales. Como no existe una vacuna disponible en el mercado
contra COVID.
Dr. Tom Chiller - International Activities in Antimicrobial ResistanceJohn Blue
International Activities in Antimicrobial Resistance - Dr. Tom Chiller, Associate Director for Epidemiologic Science, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from the 2014 NIAA Symposium on Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared Stewardship, November 12-14, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
Similar to The potential of coconut oil and its derivatives as effective and safe antiviral agents against the novel coronavirus (n cov 2019) - ateneo de manila university (20)
En Burkina Faso a Idrissa se le complementó su deficiente alimentación con Spirulina. En 26 días se pudo comprobar el resultado.
@espaciossaludables
@ganodermasiempre
Tu Organismo necesita Salud.
La Actualidad te exige reforzar tu Sistema Inmune.
Una Economía reforzada sería de una inestimable ayuda.
Tu cabeza te está pidiendo algo que te ayude a vivir buenos momentos.
¡Actividad!
Desde DXN te estamos esperando.
...apúntate también a la Felicidad DXN!
Nicolás
El Café Cordyceps lleve incorporado el Hongo que su nombre indica. También llamado Yarsagumba.
descubierto en el Himalaya a 3.000 m. de altura.
Con unas Propiedades dignas de tenerse en cuenta.
Tus Pulmones, Riñones y Sistema Circulatorio te lo agradecerán.
Avísame y te informo
https://is.gd/nicolas_alzaga
Contiene:
Betaglucanos, triterpenos, (que le dan características anti-histamínicas), adenosina y guanosina, (gracias a ellas, se beneficia el sistema cardiovascular, relaja el sistema nervioso central, miorelajante) minerales, como el hierro, zinc, potasio, cobre… es especialmente rico en vitamina B9, y 17 aminoácidos, entre los que están todos los esenciales, que son los que el cuerpo no hace por sí mismo y necesita el aporte a través de la alimentación. Son las unidades más pequeñas de las proteínas, ya preparadas para formar parte integral de nuestro organismo
La Spirulina es una microalga que contiene un alto contenido proteico, ácidos grasos esenciales, minerales y vitaminas.
Es un cultivo ideal para zonas desérticas y más aún donde el agua es alcalina. Es fácil de multiplicar y económica de producir. Se
considera un superalimento. Es consumida por atletas de nivel olímpico y es el alimento de los astronautas.
Sesenta gramos bastan para alimentar a una persona por día.
Con 10 gramos diarios se puede sobrevivir.
Enrique Ponce López
Ganoderma lucidum, un Hongo con Propiedades Inmunoestimulantes
Por el Profesor D. José Luis Ríos-Cañavate
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia
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Mail: dxnsantander@gmail.com
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El rendimiento de los deportistas también se puede ver beneficiado por la ... ¡Toma Spirulina para cargar pilas y equilibrar tu Organismo.
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...Reduce el colesterol y los triglicéridos
Una investigación de la Universidad de Illinois Facultad publicado en la revista AHA reveló que el colesterol y los triglicéridos se redujeron cuando se preguntó a los fumadores a beber jugo de Noni durante un mes. Se observó una mejora en los perfiles de lípidos en la sangre reduce específicamente el colesterol hasta en un 22%, los triglicéridos hasta en un 54%, y el HDL aumentó en un 16%.
Inhibe el crecimiento de células cancerosas.
Idrissa fue elegido para ser testigo de los beneficios de la Spirulina, un alimento que nutre realmente. Por una benéfica providencia, de Reach Your Dream, el centro ahora recibe la visita de un Nayalgué equipo. Vienen a presentar los beneficios de la Spirulina.
Programa de la ONU para la erradicación del hambre a través de la Spirulina.
La Espirulina fue declarada, por la Conferencia de Alimento Mundial de la ONU de 1974, como EL MEJOR ALIMENTO
PARA EL FUTURO.
El informe sobre la Espirulina (2008) de La Organización para las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación
dice: Hay una necesidad tanto de los Gobiernos y de las Organizaciones Intergubernamentales de reevaluar el potencial de
la Espirulina para satisfacer ambas necesidades en sus políticas de alimentación mundial y verlo también como una
herramienta de respuesta inmediata en sus esfuerzos de responder a emergencias .
Prolongar la juventud siempre ha sido el sueño de la mayoría de los hombres y mujeres, y es algo que se puede lograr de manera natural teniendo los conocimientos necesarios para hacerlo.
La sabiduría para lograrlo aquí está, para vivir una vida mejor, más larga y placentaera.
Para todos aquellos que sientan que ha llegado el momento de escuchar al espíritu que somos y busquen respuestas a preguntas sinceras, os recomiendo este fabuloso libro gratuito escrito por el Dr. en Ciencias Químicas Vicent Guillem: Las Leyes Espirituales
Programa de alimentación de Espirulina en el Centro‐Este de Africa
"Hay gente en este mundo cuya hambre es tan grande que Dios no se puede aparecer en otra forma que no sea en el de un pan"
Mahatma Gandhi
La Espirulina fue declarada, por la Conferencia de Alimento Mundial de la ONU de 1974, como EL MEJOR ALIMENTO
PARA EL FUTURO.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
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WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
The potential of coconut oil and its derivatives as effective and safe antiviral agents against the novel coronavirus (n cov 2019) - ateneo de manila university
1. Read the University's Anti-Sexual Harassment Policy.
By: Fabian M. Dayrit, Ph.D. and Mary T. Newport, M.D.
Professor Emeritus Dr. Fabian Antonio Dayrit
January 31, 2020
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Read the research of Professor Emeritus Dr. Fabian Antonio Dayrit (GS'67, HS'71, BS Chemistry '75) and Dr. Mary Newport of Spring Hill Neonatolody, Inc. on the potential use
of coconut oil as a safe antiviral agent against the novel coronavirus.
As we write this, the World Health Organization has declared a global emergency over the novel
coronavirus, nCoV-2019, that has spread beyond China. There is still no cure for nCoV-2019.
nCoV-2019 has been shown to be related to SARS (Zhou et al., 2020), a coronavirus which
caused an outbreak in 2003. Several researchers have been designing drugs to specifically target
protease enzymes in coronavirus, but testing for these drugs is many months away. What if there is
a treatment candidate against the coronavirus that might already be available and whose safety is
already established?
Lauric acid (C12) and monolaurin, its derivative, have been known for many years to have significant
antiviral activity. Lauric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid which makes up about 50% of coconut oil;
monolaurin is a metabolite that is naturally produced by the body’s own enzymes upon ingestion of coconut
oil and is also available in pure form as a supplement. Sodium lauryl sulfate, a common surfactant that is
made from lauric acid, has been shown to have potent antiviral properties. Lauric acid, monolaurin, and
sodium lauryl sulfate (which is also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate) are used in a wide range of products
for their antiviral properties.
Mechanisms of action
Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antiviral activity of lauric acid and monolaurin: first, they cause disintegration of the virus envelope; second, they can
inhibit late maturation stage in the virus replicative cycle; and third, they can prevent the binding of viral proteins to the host cell membrane.
1. Disintegration of the virus membrane. The antiviral activities of lauric acid and monolaurin were first noted by Sands and co-workers (1979) and later by Hierholzer & Kabara
(1982). In particular, Hierholzer & Kabara showed that monolaurin was able to reduce infectivity of 14 human RNA and DNA enveloped viruses in cell culture by >99.9%,
and that monolaurin acted by disintegrating the virus envelope. Thormar and co-workers (1987) confirmed the ability of lauric acid and monolaurin to inactivate viruses by
disintegration of the cell membrane. Sodium lauryl sulfate has been shown to be able to solubilize and denature the viral envelope (Piret 2000, 2002).
2. Inhibits virus maturation. The Junin virus (JUNV) is the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. In a comparison among the saturated fatty acids from C10 to C18
against JUNV infection, Bartolotta and co-workers (2001) showed that lauric acid was the most active inhibitor. From mechanistic studies, it was concluded that lauric acid
inhibited a late maturation stage in the replicative cycle of JUNV. From transmission electron microscope images, JUNV is an enveloped virus featuring
glycoproteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer forming viral spikes (Grant et al., 2012); this is similar to nCoV-2019.
3. Prevents binding of viral proteins to the host cell membrane. Hornung and co-workers (1994) showed that in the presence of lauric acid, the production of infectious
vesicular stomatitis virus was inhibited in a dose-dependent and reversible manner: after removal of lauric acid, the antiviral effect disappeared. They observed that lauric
acid did not influence viral membrane (M) protein synthesis, but prevented the binding of viral M proteins to the host cell membrane.
Although lauric acid accounts for much of the reported antiviral activity of coconut oil, capric acid (C10) and monocaprin have also shown promising activity against other viruses,
such as HIV-1 (Kristmundsdóttir et al., 1999). Capric acid accounts for about 7% of coconut oil. Thus, at least two fatty acids in coconut oil, and their monoglycerides, have
antiviral properties. Hilarsson and co-workers (2007) tested virucidal activities of fatty acids, monoglycerides and fatty alcohols against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and
human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV2) at different concentrations, times and pH levels. They reported the most active compound tested was monocaprin (C10), which also
showed activity against influenza A virus and significant virucidal activities even at a concentration as low as 0.06-0.12%.
Use of coconut oil and C12 derivatives in animals and humans
Coconut oil and its derivatives have been shown to be safe and effective antiviral compounds in both humans and animals. Because of the antiviral and antibacterial protection
that it provides to animals, coconut oil, as well as lauric acid and monolaurin, is used in farm animals and pets as veterinary feed supplements in chicken, swine and dogs (Baltic
et al., 2017). Monolaurin has been shown to effectively protect chicken against avian influenza virus (van der Sluis, 2015). Li and co- workers (2009) prepared a gel containing
monolaurin and found it to be highly active against repeated high viral loads of Simean immunodeficiency virus in macaques and Kirtane and co- workers (2017) developed a
35% gel of monolaurin for application in the female genital tract to protect against HIV. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been used at low concentrations to inactivate viruses in
milk of farm animals (de Sousa et al., 2019). SLS is the active constituent in commercial disinfecting wipes and standard laboratory disinfectants, and is an emulsifying agent and
penetration enhancer in pharmaceutical preparations.
Coconut oil itself has been shown to have anti-HIV properties in small clinical studies. The first clinical trial using coconut oil (45
mL daily) and monolaurin (95% purity, 800 mg daily) against HIV-AIDS was conducted in the Philippines. This study involved 15
HIV patients, aged 22 to 38 years, 5 males and 10 females, for 6 months. There was only one fatality and 11 of the patients
showed higher CD4 and CD8 counts after 6 months (Dayrit, 2000).
In another study, 40 HIV subjects with CD4+ T lymphocyte counts less than 200 cells/microliter were divided into a virgin
coconut oil (VCO) group (45 mL daily) and control group (no VCO). After 6 weeks, the VCO group showed significantly
higher average CD4+ T lymphocyte counts versus control (Widhiarta, 2016).
Conclusion
Several in vitro, animal, and human studies support the potential of coconut oil, lauric acid and its derivatives as effective and safe
agents against a virus like nCoV-2019. Mechanistic studies on other viruses show that at least three mechanisms may be
operating.
Given the considerable scientific evidence for the antiviral activity of coconut oil, lauric acid and its derivatives and their
general safety, and the absence of a cure for nCoV-2019, we urge that clinical studies be conducted among patients
The Potential of Coconut Oil and its Derivatives as Effective and Safe Antiviral Agents Against the
Novel Coronavirus (nCoV-2019)
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2. who have been infected with nCoV-2019 (see below). This treatment is affordable and virtually risk-free, and the
potential benefits are enormous.
On the other hand, given the safety and broad availability of virgin coconut oil (VCO), we recommend that VCO be
considered as a general prophylactic against viral and microbial infection.
A proposed clinical study
We can propose that a clinical study be conducted on patients infected with nCoV-2019 accordingly:
Group 1: Control group, standard care
Group 2: standard care + VCO (45 mL, approx. 3 three tablespoons, daily or higher,)
Group 3: standard care + Monolaurin (95% purity, 800 mg daily). Monolaurin is recognized as GRAS by US FDA.
Group 4: standard care + Monocaprin (95% purity, 800 mg daily). Monocaprin is recognized as GRAS by US FDA.
Group 5: standard care + SLS (pharmaceutical grade, 100 mg/kg/day). SLS toxicity: lowest NOAEL (repeated dose, rat): 100
mg/kg/day (hepatotoxicity) (Bondi et al., 2015).
References
Baltić B, Starčević M, Đorđević J, Mrdović B, Marković R. Importance of medium chain fatty acids in animal nutrition. IOP Conf.
Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017; 85: 012048.
Bartolotta S, Garcí CC, Candurra NA, Damonte EB. Effect of fatty acids on arenavirus replication: inhibition of virus production by lauric acid. Archives of Virology,
2001; 146(4): 777-790.
Bondi CAM, Marks JL, Wroblewski LB, et al. Human and Environmental Toxicity of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS): Evidence for Safe Use in Household Cleaning
Products. Environmental Health Insights 2015:9 27–32
Dayrit CS. Coconut Oil in Health and Disease: Its and Monolaurin’s Potential as Cure for FOR HIV/AIDS. XXXVII Cocotech Meeting. Chennai, India. July 25, 2000.
De Sousa ALM, Pinheiro RR, Araújo JF, et al. Sodium dodecyl sulfate as a viral inactivator and future perspectives in the control of small ruminant lentiviruses.
Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 2019; 86. Epub Nov 28, 2019.
Grant A, Seregin A, Huang C, Kolokoltsova O, Brasier A, Peters C, Paessler S. Junín Virus Pathogenesis and Virus Replication. Viruses, 2012; 4: 2317-2339.
Hierholzer JC, Kabara JJ. In-vitro effects of monolaurin compounds on enveloped RNA and DNA viruses. Journal of Food Safety, 1982; 4(1): 1-12
Hilmarsson H, Traustason BS, Kristmundsdóttir T, Thormar H. Virucidal activities of medium- and long-chain fatty alcohols and lipids against respiratory syncytial
virus and parainfluenza virus type 2: comparison at different pH levels. Archives of Virology 2007: 152(12):2225-36.
Hornung B, Amtmann E, Sauer G. Lauric acid inhibits the maturation of vesicular stomatitis virus. Journal of General Virology, 1994; 75: 353-361.
Kirtane AR, Rothenberger MK, Frieberg A, et al. Evaluation of vaginal drug levels and safety of a locally administered glycerol monolaurate cream in Rhesus macaques. Journal
of Pharmaceutical Science 2017; 106(7):1821-1827.
Kristmundsdóttir T, Arnadóttir SG, Bergsson G, Thormar H. Development and evaluation of microbicidal hydrogels containing monoglyceride as the active
ingredient. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1999; 88(10): 1011-1015.
Li Q, Estes JD, Schlievert PM, et al. Glycerol monolaurate prevents mucosal SIV transmission. Nature 2009; 458(7241): 1034–1038.
Piret J, Déseomeaux A, Bergeron MG, et al. Sodium lauryl sulfate, a microbicide effective against enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. Current Drug Targets
2002; 3(1):17-30.
Piret J, Lamontagne J, Bestman-Smith J, et al. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Dextran Sulfate as Microbicides against Herpes
Simplex and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2000;110-119.
Sands JA, Landin P, Auperin D, Reinhardt A. Enveloped Virus Inactivation by Fatty Acid Derivatives. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1979; 15(1): 27-31.
Thormar H, Isaacs CE, Brown HR, Barshatzky MR, Pessolano T. Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses and Killing of Cells by Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1987; 31(1): 27-31.
van der Sluis W. Potential antiviral properties of alpha-monolaurin. Poultry World. Downloaded from:
https://www.poultryworld.net/Nutrition/Articles/2015/12/Potential-antiviral-properties-of-alpha-monolaurin- 2709142W.
Widhiarta KD. Virgin Coconut Oil for HIV - Positive People. Cord, 2016; 32 (1): 50-57.
Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, et al. Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in 2 humans and its potential bat origin.
bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 23, 2020; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.22.914952.
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