La historia de la humanidad ha sido testigo de varias pandemias a lo largo, y estas causan efectos desastrosos en la salud humana y la economía
del país. Una vez más, después del SARS (síndrome respiratorio agudo severo) y MERS (síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio), el mundo está
pasando por un momento muy difícil luchando contra un enemigo invisible, el nuevo coronavirus COVID-19. Observado inicialmente en la provincia
de Wuhan en China, ahora se ha extendido por 210 países. El número de casos confirmados afectados por corona ha alcanzado> 3 millones en
todo el mundo y el número de muertos ha llegado a 258,481 como el 6 th Mayo de 2020. Los investigadores están trabajando las veinticuatro horas
del día, formando esfuerzos de colaboración y compartiendo sus datos para encontrar una cura para esta enfermedad. El nuevo genoma del
coronavirus se secuenció rápidamente y los datos clínicos y epidemiológicos se recopilan y analizan continuamente. Estos datos son cruciales para
formular mejores políticas de salud pública y desarrollar medicamentos y vacunas antivirales. Como no existe una vacuna disponible en el mercado
contra COVID.
Antiviral and Immuno Modulating Role of Super Food Spirulina and Covid 19ijtsrd
Over the centuries, infectious diseases caused by viruses have seriously threatened human health globally. Currently, COVID 19 the causative pathogen of Coronavirus Disease, has rapidly spread across China and around the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. So far no specific anti virus drugs or vaccines are available for the treatment of this sudden and lethal disease, there is an urgent need to find an alternative solution to prevent and control the replication and spread of the virus. Spirulina is a microscopic edible blue green vegetable algae and it is consider as one of the richest source of protein, all amino acids, organic vitamins and Bio chelated minerals required for human body. Besides nutrition, it is loaded with unique phytonutrients like antioxidant phycocyanin, polysaccharides and sulfolipids that prevent inflammation enhance the immune system, possibly reducing risks of infection and cancer. It is indicated as a safe food supplement, and the World Health Organization has supported it as a health nutrient. Here we have summarized the available information concerning the immune boosting and antiviral activity of spirulina based on clinical trial using PubMed and Web of Science. The results of the searching greatly support that Spirulina presents both immune boosting and antiviral effects. Calcium Spirulan Ca SP a natural sulfated polysaccharide and Cyanovirin N CV N Carbohydrate binding agent CBAs isolated from spirulina are potent antiviral agents. Many clinical and Pre clinical research reported that both exhibited antiviral activity of against many viruses such as hepatitis, HIV, influenza, herpes virus Herpes simplex virus type 1, human cytomegalovirus, measles virus and mumps virus. Based on this review, spirulina could be considered as therapeutics antiviral agent for coronavirus. Dr. Kr. Nagulendran | Dr. N. Kavitha "Antiviral and Immuno Modulating Role of Super Food Spirulina and Covid-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31119.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/31119/antiviral-and-immuno-modulating-role-of-super-food-spirulina-and-covid19/dr-kr-nagulendran
Two Promising Herbs that May Help in Delaying Corona Virus Progressionijtsrd
Viral infection is a propagation of a hurtful virus inside the body because viruses cannot reduplicate without the helping of a host. Viruses infect the host by inserting their genetic material into the cells to make more virus particles, after that virus makes many copies of itself and start to infect the cells then viral illness occur, that may lead to cell damage, tissue devastation and the related immune response. Nowadays, the viruses which spreads are many, including hepatitis C virus, HIV and the current Corona virus family especially Covid 19. Corona virus family is a group of RNA viruses SARS, MERS, and COVID 19 , they can cause respiratory tract infections that can extent from moderate to deadly. Discovering new antiviral drugs is a pivotal matter, also the extensive research work to find natural products which are considered as a premium source to anti viral drugs is extremely important. That's Why in this review we will focus on two types of herbs that may have an effective general role in anti virus and may also play a crucial rule in fighting against the Corona virus. Ebrahim Eldeeb | Amany Belal "Two Promising Herbs that May Help in Delaying Corona Virus Progression" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31200.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/31200/two-promising-herbs-that-may-help-in-delaying-corona-virus-progression/ebrahim-eldeeb
Scientific Facts on Global Public Health ThreatsGreenFacts
Global public health security depends on actions to prevent and respond to threats that endanger the collective health of the global population. Those threats have an impact on economic or political stability, trade, tourism, access to goods and services and, if they occur repeatedly, on demographic stability.
Global public health security covers a wide range of complex and daunting issues, including the health consequences of human behavior, climate change, weather-related events and infectious diseases, as well as natural catastrophes and man-made disasters, all of which are discussed here.
How Nutrition Can Help Fight Against the COVID-19 PandemicUN SPHS
By Dr. Randah Miqbil Alqurashi Assistant Professor, King Faisal University, delivered at the Global Forum 2020 Food Safety and Risk Assessment session.
Vector-borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens and parasites in human populations. This presentation contains key facts about these diseases and global and European trends. WHO/Europe is making this presentation available to countries and partner organizations for use in their campaigns for World Health Day 2014.
Antiviral and Immuno Modulating Role of Super Food Spirulina and Covid 19ijtsrd
Over the centuries, infectious diseases caused by viruses have seriously threatened human health globally. Currently, COVID 19 the causative pathogen of Coronavirus Disease, has rapidly spread across China and around the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. So far no specific anti virus drugs or vaccines are available for the treatment of this sudden and lethal disease, there is an urgent need to find an alternative solution to prevent and control the replication and spread of the virus. Spirulina is a microscopic edible blue green vegetable algae and it is consider as one of the richest source of protein, all amino acids, organic vitamins and Bio chelated minerals required for human body. Besides nutrition, it is loaded with unique phytonutrients like antioxidant phycocyanin, polysaccharides and sulfolipids that prevent inflammation enhance the immune system, possibly reducing risks of infection and cancer. It is indicated as a safe food supplement, and the World Health Organization has supported it as a health nutrient. Here we have summarized the available information concerning the immune boosting and antiviral activity of spirulina based on clinical trial using PubMed and Web of Science. The results of the searching greatly support that Spirulina presents both immune boosting and antiviral effects. Calcium Spirulan Ca SP a natural sulfated polysaccharide and Cyanovirin N CV N Carbohydrate binding agent CBAs isolated from spirulina are potent antiviral agents. Many clinical and Pre clinical research reported that both exhibited antiviral activity of against many viruses such as hepatitis, HIV, influenza, herpes virus Herpes simplex virus type 1, human cytomegalovirus, measles virus and mumps virus. Based on this review, spirulina could be considered as therapeutics antiviral agent for coronavirus. Dr. Kr. Nagulendran | Dr. N. Kavitha "Antiviral and Immuno Modulating Role of Super Food Spirulina and Covid-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31119.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/31119/antiviral-and-immuno-modulating-role-of-super-food-spirulina-and-covid19/dr-kr-nagulendran
Two Promising Herbs that May Help in Delaying Corona Virus Progressionijtsrd
Viral infection is a propagation of a hurtful virus inside the body because viruses cannot reduplicate without the helping of a host. Viruses infect the host by inserting their genetic material into the cells to make more virus particles, after that virus makes many copies of itself and start to infect the cells then viral illness occur, that may lead to cell damage, tissue devastation and the related immune response. Nowadays, the viruses which spreads are many, including hepatitis C virus, HIV and the current Corona virus family especially Covid 19. Corona virus family is a group of RNA viruses SARS, MERS, and COVID 19 , they can cause respiratory tract infections that can extent from moderate to deadly. Discovering new antiviral drugs is a pivotal matter, also the extensive research work to find natural products which are considered as a premium source to anti viral drugs is extremely important. That's Why in this review we will focus on two types of herbs that may have an effective general role in anti virus and may also play a crucial rule in fighting against the Corona virus. Ebrahim Eldeeb | Amany Belal "Two Promising Herbs that May Help in Delaying Corona Virus Progression" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31200.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/31200/two-promising-herbs-that-may-help-in-delaying-corona-virus-progression/ebrahim-eldeeb
Scientific Facts on Global Public Health ThreatsGreenFacts
Global public health security depends on actions to prevent and respond to threats that endanger the collective health of the global population. Those threats have an impact on economic or political stability, trade, tourism, access to goods and services and, if they occur repeatedly, on demographic stability.
Global public health security covers a wide range of complex and daunting issues, including the health consequences of human behavior, climate change, weather-related events and infectious diseases, as well as natural catastrophes and man-made disasters, all of which are discussed here.
How Nutrition Can Help Fight Against the COVID-19 PandemicUN SPHS
By Dr. Randah Miqbil Alqurashi Assistant Professor, King Faisal University, delivered at the Global Forum 2020 Food Safety and Risk Assessment session.
Vector-borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens and parasites in human populations. This presentation contains key facts about these diseases and global and European trends. WHO/Europe is making this presentation available to countries and partner organizations for use in their campaigns for World Health Day 2014.
Current State of Evidence: Vitamin D and Immunity During the COVID-19 PandemicUN SPHS
By Dr. Maha Alturki, Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS) delivered at the Global Forum 2020 Food Safety and Risk Assessment session.
Rotavirus RV is a disease that is extremely spreadable in children whose age ranges between 3'5 years. Rotavirus vaccination RVV is an effective method for combating the diarrhoea disease as rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhoea worldwide. For fulfilling the aim of reducing the burden of RV caused in children under 5 years for diarrhoea mortality. World Health Organization WHO recommends introducing RVVs worldwide. Globally three RVVs are licensed for local use two monovalent vaccines Rotarix, and Rotavac and a pentavalent vaccine RotaTeq. Safety and efficacy of these vaccines have been proved, however, they require cold chain storage at or below 2oto 8oC before use. In this article, a detailed profile of Rotarix vaccine is being emphasized. Rotavirus Vaccines are in high demand for introduction by many low income countries, but limitations such as price, poor supply and insufficient cold chain capacity at distant delivery points, have restricted their introduction. A. A Bhosale | Dr. V. U Barge "Illustrative Review on Rotavirus Vaccines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29552.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/29552/illustrative-review-on-rotavirus-vaccines/a-a-bhosale
ABSTRACT- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major contributor to the global burden of the disease, opportunistic infections, and tumors follow. HIV also directly attacks the immune system and affects certain body’s system (like Central Nervous System, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems, Digestive System etc). HIV transmission is complex and depends on the number of behavioral and biological co-factors. The hallmark of HIV infection is the progressive depletion of CD4 helper T cells because of reduced production and increased destruction. Although the typical HIV infected patient shows a sustained CD4 cell increase, a remarkable number of subjects never achieve normal ranges of CD4. HIV infection is also characterized by a marked increase in immune activation, which includes both the adaptive and innate immune systems and abnormalities in coagulation. Extraordinary efforts in the fields of clinical, pharmacology, and biology care have contributed to progressively turn HIV infection from an unavoidably fatal condition into a chronic manageable disease, at least in the countries where HIV infected people have full access to the potent anti-retroviral (ARV) drug combinations that permit a marked and sustained control of viral replication. Although their pathogenesis is still under discussed, they are likely to originate from immune dysfunction associated with HIV infection and chronic inflammation. The last consideration regards the dis-homogenous pattern of HIV disease worldwide. Key-words- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV), Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Cell mediated immunity (CMI), Anti-retroviral agents
major as well as minor viral disease of cereals, legumes, oil-crops, vegetables has been listed. The major research works done these diseases has been also included along with first report.
Disease or bio-warfare? The usage of various pathogens in bioterrorisminventionjournals
Although it is a general belief that epidemics of plague, smallpox or yellow fever are highly unlikely nowadays due to the existence of antibiotics and immunization shots, the agents causing the disease have remained a threat due to the possibility of them being weaponized and spread on a large scale. Contemporary terrorism is no longer confined to detonating bombs in buildings of great importance, suicide attacks or airplane hijacking. It can also comprise the usage of pathogens/ biological agents to cause massive health disturbances. The preference expressed towards the usage of such agents is justified by the easy access and primary skills needed in manufacturing a weapon, as well as the high rates of morbidity and mortality among the affected population. Additionally, states are confronted with high healthcare risks due to the fact that such agents are difficult to be detected and often pass as common diseases, such as influenza, until the greater scale of the epidemic is acknowledged by the authorities
The misunderstood epidemiological determinants of covid 19, problems and solu...Bhoj Raj Singh
COVID-19, a viral disease, fought with political means for socio-economic gains, will keep on haunting humanity for long. Without doing any epidemiological study on COVID-19 we have determined its modulators and determinants not to win over COVID-19 but to create misunderstanding to persist for long in inquisitive minds to blur the vision for novel inventions. This presentation deals with COVID-19 in general and misunderstood disease determinants in particular to suggest possible means to win over the disease. As the tip of COVID-19 iceberg is illusion and reality unknown, thus the struggle is endless.
Mobius Foundation Newsletter July 2020. The Latest newsletter published by Mobius Foundation which is an NGO for Environment and Sustainability & one of the TOP NGO in Delhi
Oceans and COVID-19: Perspectives, Reflections, Recovery and Regulatory Frameworks
Hydroelastic Behaviour and Analysis of Marine Structures
Contribution of Gulf of Aqaba Water (GAW) to Red Sea waters
Bibliometric Study Applied to the Overtopping Wave Energy Converter Device
An In-depth Analysis for Optimal Cable Tray Support Span
Current State of Evidence: Vitamin D and Immunity During the COVID-19 PandemicUN SPHS
By Dr. Maha Alturki, Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS) delivered at the Global Forum 2020 Food Safety and Risk Assessment session.
Rotavirus RV is a disease that is extremely spreadable in children whose age ranges between 3'5 years. Rotavirus vaccination RVV is an effective method for combating the diarrhoea disease as rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrhoea worldwide. For fulfilling the aim of reducing the burden of RV caused in children under 5 years for diarrhoea mortality. World Health Organization WHO recommends introducing RVVs worldwide. Globally three RVVs are licensed for local use two monovalent vaccines Rotarix, and Rotavac and a pentavalent vaccine RotaTeq. Safety and efficacy of these vaccines have been proved, however, they require cold chain storage at or below 2oto 8oC before use. In this article, a detailed profile of Rotarix vaccine is being emphasized. Rotavirus Vaccines are in high demand for introduction by many low income countries, but limitations such as price, poor supply and insufficient cold chain capacity at distant delivery points, have restricted their introduction. A. A Bhosale | Dr. V. U Barge "Illustrative Review on Rotavirus Vaccines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29552.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/29552/illustrative-review-on-rotavirus-vaccines/a-a-bhosale
ABSTRACT- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major contributor to the global burden of the disease, opportunistic infections, and tumors follow. HIV also directly attacks the immune system and affects certain body’s system (like Central Nervous System, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems, Digestive System etc). HIV transmission is complex and depends on the number of behavioral and biological co-factors. The hallmark of HIV infection is the progressive depletion of CD4 helper T cells because of reduced production and increased destruction. Although the typical HIV infected patient shows a sustained CD4 cell increase, a remarkable number of subjects never achieve normal ranges of CD4. HIV infection is also characterized by a marked increase in immune activation, which includes both the adaptive and innate immune systems and abnormalities in coagulation. Extraordinary efforts in the fields of clinical, pharmacology, and biology care have contributed to progressively turn HIV infection from an unavoidably fatal condition into a chronic manageable disease, at least in the countries where HIV infected people have full access to the potent anti-retroviral (ARV) drug combinations that permit a marked and sustained control of viral replication. Although their pathogenesis is still under discussed, they are likely to originate from immune dysfunction associated with HIV infection and chronic inflammation. The last consideration regards the dis-homogenous pattern of HIV disease worldwide. Key-words- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV), Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Cell mediated immunity (CMI), Anti-retroviral agents
major as well as minor viral disease of cereals, legumes, oil-crops, vegetables has been listed. The major research works done these diseases has been also included along with first report.
Disease or bio-warfare? The usage of various pathogens in bioterrorisminventionjournals
Although it is a general belief that epidemics of plague, smallpox or yellow fever are highly unlikely nowadays due to the existence of antibiotics and immunization shots, the agents causing the disease have remained a threat due to the possibility of them being weaponized and spread on a large scale. Contemporary terrorism is no longer confined to detonating bombs in buildings of great importance, suicide attacks or airplane hijacking. It can also comprise the usage of pathogens/ biological agents to cause massive health disturbances. The preference expressed towards the usage of such agents is justified by the easy access and primary skills needed in manufacturing a weapon, as well as the high rates of morbidity and mortality among the affected population. Additionally, states are confronted with high healthcare risks due to the fact that such agents are difficult to be detected and often pass as common diseases, such as influenza, until the greater scale of the epidemic is acknowledged by the authorities
The misunderstood epidemiological determinants of covid 19, problems and solu...Bhoj Raj Singh
COVID-19, a viral disease, fought with political means for socio-economic gains, will keep on haunting humanity for long. Without doing any epidemiological study on COVID-19 we have determined its modulators and determinants not to win over COVID-19 but to create misunderstanding to persist for long in inquisitive minds to blur the vision for novel inventions. This presentation deals with COVID-19 in general and misunderstood disease determinants in particular to suggest possible means to win over the disease. As the tip of COVID-19 iceberg is illusion and reality unknown, thus the struggle is endless.
Mobius Foundation Newsletter July 2020. The Latest newsletter published by Mobius Foundation which is an NGO for Environment and Sustainability & one of the TOP NGO in Delhi
Oceans and COVID-19: Perspectives, Reflections, Recovery and Regulatory Frameworks
Hydroelastic Behaviour and Analysis of Marine Structures
Contribution of Gulf of Aqaba Water (GAW) to Red Sea waters
Bibliometric Study Applied to the Overtopping Wave Energy Converter Device
An In-depth Analysis for Optimal Cable Tray Support Span
Are Vitamin D Levels Associated with COVID 19 Prevalence and Outcomesijtsrd
Since December 2019, coronavirus infection disease 2019 COVID 19 due to a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 SARS CoV2 infection, occurred mainly in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, and spread worldwide throughout a short period of time. The COVID 19 pandemic is shaking the world. To date, the route of infection, treatment methods, and the process since infection have not been clarified. Therefore, various researches and studies are being carried out at a rapid pace in research institutions around the world to clarify the novel coronavirus. Vitamin D helps to balance calcium and helps maintain bone health. Vitamin D is considered to be physiologically effective for enhancing immunity, cancer, diabetes, autism, and making the body easy to conceive. Recent studies have reported an association between the amount of vitamin D in the body and the severity of COVID 19. In this review, we provide a compact, comprehensive description of the relationship between vitamin D and COVID 19. Takuma Hayashi | Ikuo Konishi "Are Vitamin D Levels Associated with COVID-19 Prevalence and Outcomes?" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31433.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/31433/are-vitamin-d-levels-associated-with-covid19-prevalence-and-outcomes/takuma-hayashi
Happy to share this month’s edition of Nutrify Today magazine. This is no ordinary magazine that scraps internet data and presents to you some news. We hardly carry any news.
Our team carefully screens innovators from across the world and feature innovation of the month that is ready for goto market. Our technical team deeply analyzes latest patents being filed across the world on nutraceuticals and that would help you stay ahead with latest innovations evolving in various parts of the world.
This edition has innovations screened from Belgium-Sporobiotics to Japan- Nichi Glucans.
This edition has a transcript of an interview between our Editor and Chief – Sheldon Baker and business of interest to us.
All future editions will also be unique in the information being brought to you that can certainly impact your business progressively.
Trust me, these magazines are worth documenting as each edition will set standards for next edition.
If you have something interesting to share to the nutraceutical world then do write to us at hello@nutrifytoday.com
En Burkina Faso a Idrissa se le complementó su deficiente alimentación con Spirulina. En 26 días se pudo comprobar el resultado.
@espaciossaludables
@ganodermasiempre
Tu Organismo necesita Salud.
La Actualidad te exige reforzar tu Sistema Inmune.
Una Economía reforzada sería de una inestimable ayuda.
Tu cabeza te está pidiendo algo que te ayude a vivir buenos momentos.
¡Actividad!
Desde DXN te estamos esperando.
...apúntate también a la Felicidad DXN!
Nicolás
El Café Cordyceps lleve incorporado el Hongo que su nombre indica. También llamado Yarsagumba.
descubierto en el Himalaya a 3.000 m. de altura.
Con unas Propiedades dignas de tenerse en cuenta.
Tus Pulmones, Riñones y Sistema Circulatorio te lo agradecerán.
Avísame y te informo
https://is.gd/nicolas_alzaga
Contiene:
Betaglucanos, triterpenos, (que le dan características anti-histamínicas), adenosina y guanosina, (gracias a ellas, se beneficia el sistema cardiovascular, relaja el sistema nervioso central, miorelajante) minerales, como el hierro, zinc, potasio, cobre… es especialmente rico en vitamina B9, y 17 aminoácidos, entre los que están todos los esenciales, que son los que el cuerpo no hace por sí mismo y necesita el aporte a través de la alimentación. Son las unidades más pequeñas de las proteínas, ya preparadas para formar parte integral de nuestro organismo
La Spirulina es una microalga que contiene un alto contenido proteico, ácidos grasos esenciales, minerales y vitaminas.
Es un cultivo ideal para zonas desérticas y más aún donde el agua es alcalina. Es fácil de multiplicar y económica de producir. Se
considera un superalimento. Es consumida por atletas de nivel olímpico y es el alimento de los astronautas.
Sesenta gramos bastan para alimentar a una persona por día.
Con 10 gramos diarios se puede sobrevivir.
Enrique Ponce López
Ganoderma lucidum, un Hongo con Propiedades Inmunoestimulantes
Por el Profesor D. José Luis Ríos-Cañavate
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia
Whats.: +34650454443
Mail: dxnsantander@gmail.com
Web. https://is.gd/nicolas_alzaga
El rendimiento de los deportistas también se puede ver beneficiado por la ... ¡Toma Spirulina para cargar pilas y equilibrar tu Organismo.
“Energía, resistencia y recuperación”
DXN ID 818126493
...Reduce el colesterol y los triglicéridos
Una investigación de la Universidad de Illinois Facultad publicado en la revista AHA reveló que el colesterol y los triglicéridos se redujeron cuando se preguntó a los fumadores a beber jugo de Noni durante un mes. Se observó una mejora en los perfiles de lípidos en la sangre reduce específicamente el colesterol hasta en un 22%, los triglicéridos hasta en un 54%, y el HDL aumentó en un 16%.
Inhibe el crecimiento de células cancerosas.
Idrissa fue elegido para ser testigo de los beneficios de la Spirulina, un alimento que nutre realmente. Por una benéfica providencia, de Reach Your Dream, el centro ahora recibe la visita de un Nayalgué equipo. Vienen a presentar los beneficios de la Spirulina.
Programa de la ONU para la erradicación del hambre a través de la Spirulina.
La Espirulina fue declarada, por la Conferencia de Alimento Mundial de la ONU de 1974, como EL MEJOR ALIMENTO
PARA EL FUTURO.
El informe sobre la Espirulina (2008) de La Organización para las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación
dice: Hay una necesidad tanto de los Gobiernos y de las Organizaciones Intergubernamentales de reevaluar el potencial de
la Espirulina para satisfacer ambas necesidades en sus políticas de alimentación mundial y verlo también como una
herramienta de respuesta inmediata en sus esfuerzos de responder a emergencias .
Prolongar la juventud siempre ha sido el sueño de la mayoría de los hombres y mujeres, y es algo que se puede lograr de manera natural teniendo los conocimientos necesarios para hacerlo.
La sabiduría para lograrlo aquí está, para vivir una vida mejor, más larga y placentaera.
Para todos aquellos que sientan que ha llegado el momento de escuchar al espíritu que somos y busquen respuestas a preguntas sinceras, os recomiendo este fabuloso libro gratuito escrito por el Dr. en Ciencias Químicas Vicent Guillem: Las Leyes Espirituales
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Espirulina y nuestro Bichito a batir. Año 2.020 (Inglés)
1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341188910
Therapeutic and Nutritional Potential of Spirulina in Combating COVID-19
Infection
Preprint · May 2020
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Therapeutic and Nutritional Potential of Spirulina in Combating COVID-19 Infection
developed against this disease. Therefore, alternate approaches are in practice to prevent transmission of
COVID 19 such as, hand sanitization using alcohol-based hand rubs, washing hands with soap at least for
20 seconds, use of face masks and face shields by health workers, social distancing, home quarantine etc.
As there is no vaccine and definitive treatment available so far, many experts recommend alternative
protection measures in form of strengthening the immune system by consuming immunity boosting
food/drinks and taking essential vitamins such as Vitamin A, B, C to improve general health. (MOHFW,
2020). Amongst various immunity boosters prescribed by experts, Spirulina, which is a type of seaweed, is
the most mentioned as an effective natural immunity enhancer for prevention of any potential infections
(Belay, A., 2002). This filamentous alga, occurs naturally in tropical and subtropical lakes with high pH
(Habib et.al.,2008). Spirulina is currently being produced in more than 22 countries and used in over 77
countries (Sasson, A., 1997). Its nutritional relevance is underlined by its adoption by the UN as the food
of the future and by its use by NASA as part of its Astronauts’ diet. Spirulina is described as a “Super food”
(Tadros, M.G. and Normal, A.I., 1988; Kelly et.al., 2011). This filamentous alga has been used as a source
of protein and vitamin supplement in humans without any significant side-effects since long time (Admassu,
H. et.al.,2015; FDA, 2003). Spirulina has a high protein content ranging up to 70%, it also contains several
vitamins, like B12, provitamin A (β-carotenes), and minerals such as iron (Ciferri, O.,1985; Sánchez, M.,
et.al., 2003; Habib, M.A.B., et.al., 2008). It is also rich in phenolic acids, tocopherols and γ-linolenic acid
(Dillon et. al., 1995). As Spirulina lacks cellulose in their cell walls, it can be easily digested (Dillon et. al.,
1995). Parry’s Spirulina is the only organic Spirulina in the world awarded with GRAS (Generally Recognized
as Safe) status by United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) (Tarantino, 2003; Salazar et. al.,
1996; Chamorro et. al., 1997; Salazar et. al., 1998; Belay 2002; Parry E.I.D., 2014). This blue-green
filamentous alga is relatively easy to cultivate but flourishes mainly in large outdoor ponds under optimum
sunlight, pH and nutrient conditions. Currently, Spirulina can be found in health food stores and is sold
mainly as a dietary supplement in the form of health drinks, protein bars, capsules and tablets (Spolaore, P.,
et.al.,2006). The aim of this review is to summarize the potential nutritional and therapeutic applications of
Spirulina on human health in the context with current pandemic situation globally.
2 Historical Background of Spirulina
The term Spirulina remains in use is because of historical reasons (Vonshak, 1997). In sixteenth century, S.
platensis was first isolated from Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs and they devised the term “tecuitlatl” for
Spirulina (Habib M. et.al., 2011). Later, Dangeard befell upon the anembu tribe which had been harvesting
the filamentous algae from Lake Chad in Africa (Abdulqader, G., 2000). In 1940s he coined the name
“dihe” for S. platensis which had been used extensively in many food products such as bread, meals, and
cakes. In 1964, Spirulina was analyzed chemically and taken up for research studies by botanists,
microbiologists, and scientists to explore its biotechnological potential (Zarrouk, C., 1966; Vonshak. A.,
1997; Siva Kiran, R.R., 2015). Spirulina, a blue green alga refers to the dried biomass of Arthrospira platensis
(Gershwin, and Belay, 2007). The two species of Arthrospira were classified as A. maxima and A. platensis in
the genus Spirulina. It belongs to photosynthetic bacteria that cover the groups Cyanobacteria and
Prochlorophyta. Scientifically, there is a distinction exists between Spirulina and the genus Arthrospira.
Arthrospira species are free-floating, autotrophic, filamentous cyanobacteria characterized by multicellular
and cylindrical trichrome in an open left-handed helix. Naurally, these are habitants of tropical and
subtropical lakes, show proliferative growth in in presence of high pH and high carbonate and bicarbonate
concentrations (Habib et. Al., 2008; Sili C., et.al., 2012). A. platensis is generally found in Africa, Asia, and
South America, whereas A. maxima is confined to Central America (Vonshak, 1997). Mostly, open raceway
ponds with paddle wheels are being used for commercial production of Spirulina (Habib et. al., 2008).
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Sunita Singh et al. AIJR Preprints, 49, version 1, 2020
3 Nutritional and Therapeutic Properties of Spirulina
Spirulina is blue green microalgae, which is one of the oldest life forms on Earth (Ciferri, O.,1985). It is
partly responsible for producing the oxygen in the planet's atmosphere billions of years ago and supported
origin of life on earth. Spirulina is declared world's first superfood, which has a diverse nutritional
composition (Kelly et.al.,2011). The protein content of Spirulina is in range of 55 to 70% protein which is
more than or equivalent to beef, chicken, and soybeans. It is also found to be a rich source of essential and
non-essential amino acids, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), carotenoids, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid,
vitamins, iron, calcium, phosphorus, nucleic acids RNA & DNA, chlorophyll, and phycocyanin (Henrikson,
R..,1994; Belay, A., 1997; Patel A., et.al.,2006; Parry E.I.D., 2014). Spirulina offers a wide range of health
benefits almost immediately upon ingestion as it lacks cellulose in cell wall. It offers an instantaneous boost
to one's energy, and helps in improving the endurance and in reducing fatigue (Baicus, C. and Baicus, A.,
2007) It is a natural immunity booster, and provides excellent support for the heart, liver, and kidneys.
Spirulina is a natural detoxifier, oxygenates blood, and help in removal of body toxins, thus reducing the
chances of illness (Stahl, W. and Sıed, H., 2005; Chew, B.P. and Park, J.S., 2004). Being a natural appetite
suppressant it also improves digestive system. Babadzhanov et.al., in their study reported Spirulina having
strong antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties (Babadzhanov, A.S.et.al.,2004). It helps in
maintaining the pH balance of the body, thereby reducing inflammation throughout the body without any
side effects (Stahl, W. and Sıed, H.,2005; Chew, B.P. and Park, J.S., 2004; Rabadiya, B. and Patel, P., 2010).
Therapeutic compounds present in Spirulina and their proven beneficial effects on human health have been
presented in table 1.
Table 1: Therapeutically important compounds in Spirulina and their applications
Bioactive Compounds in Spirulina
Sr. No. Name of compound Properties References
1
Ca-Sp (Calcium-
Spirulan)
Immunity enhancer, Anticancer Cheng-Wu Z, et.al.,1994; Hayashi,
K,et.al.,1996a; Hayashi, T, et.al.,
1996b
Antiviral, Induces haematopoiesis
2 Sulpholipids Antiviral Gustafson, K.,1989
3 Beta-carotene
Source of Vitamin A, Anticancer,
Antioxidant
Kapoor, R. and Mehta, U.,1993
4 Cyanovirin-N Antiviral Ozdemir, G,et.al.,2004
5
GLA (Gamma
Linolenic Acid)
Treatment of Arthritis, Anticancer,
Fat-metabolism
Nichols, B. and Wood, B.,1986
6 Vitamin-E Antioxidant Khan Z,et.al.,2005
7 Phycocyanin
Antioxidant, Anticancer Reddy M.C.,et.al,2003
Immunity booster, Detoxifier Cheng-Wu, Z., et.al.,1994; Patel, A.,
2006; Chen, J.C., et.al.,2012Antiviral, Induces Haematopoiesis
3.1 Antiviral Properties
In many research studies, Spirulina has been reported to have strong antiviral activities. It is established in
various reports that at low dosages Spirulina results in inhibition in viral replication however, at higher
concentrations it completely results in blocking replication (Hayashi, K., et.al.,1993; Hayashi, K.,
et.al.,1996a). In case of herpes simplex virus Type-1 (HSV-1), a water based extract of Spirulina has been
found effective in inhibiting viral cell-penetration and replication in a dose-dependent manner (Hayashi,
K., et.al.,1993; Hayashi, K., et.al.,1996b, Hernández-Corona, A., et.al., 2002). The Spirulina extract, without
suppressing host cell functions, inhibits viral protein synthesis. The antiviral activity of Spirulina is attributed
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Therapeutic and Nutritional Potential of Spirulina in Combating COVID-19 Infection
to calcium –spirulan (Ca-Sp), which has been shown to inhibit replication of many viruses by inhibition of
viral penetration into target cells without host toxicity (Deng et. al., 2011; Deng and Chow, 2010; Falquet,
1997; Rhoades et. al., 1992). Researchers from National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA studied potential
antiviral compounds extracts from blue green algae, including Spirulina platensis. The NCI research group
found 60 various cyanobacteria culture to have the bioactive substances that caused significant antiviral
effect by reducing cytopathic effects induced by viral infections (Patterson et. al., 1993). Acidic
polysaccharides from Spirulina such as calcium spirulan (Ca-SP) are the potent virus inhibitors against
several enveloped viruses (Hayashi, T., et.al.,1996). Highest antiviral activity was detected in S. maxima
extracts prepared from methanol-water (3:1) (Hernández-Corona, et. al., 2002). The extracts of
cyanobacteria in methanol contain sulfated polysaccharides which significantly prevents virus attachment
to host cell. The inhibition of the fusion between uninfected CD4+ lymphocytes greatly enhances antiviral
activity as this makes virus unable to take over host machinery. This stops the viral reproduction and
multiplication (Feldmann et. al., 1999; Singh et. al., 2011). The extract does not kill the virus but interferes
with the virus entry into host cells (Hayashi K., et. al., 1993). However, methanol (MeOH) and water
extracts of Spirulina plantensis were significantly effective against adenovirus type 40 and reduces the infection
50% and 23% respectively. The nontoxic concentrations for all the extracts were 2 mg/ml (Sayda et.
al.,2012). The calcium spirulan (Ca-Sp) a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from Spirulina platensis inhibits
many virus replications and exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against the HSV-1, influenza virus,
Human cytomegalovirus (HVMV), mumps virus, measles virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1, HIV-2, and other series of enveloped viruses (Hayashi K., et. al., 1996; Simpore et. al., 2005;
Feldmann et. al., 1999; Singh et. al., 2011). The inhibition of entry of Dengue virus by carbohydrate
inhibitors was studied by Kazuya et. al. (2013). The study made by Gorobets et al. (2002) showed that the
addition of S. platensis on bacteriophage T4 (bacterial virus) produced an inhibiting effect on the
reproduction of the bacteriophage in Escherichia coli B cells. The purified pigment allophycocyanin of
Spirulina platensis also exhibits antiviral activity and it neutralizes the cytopathic effects induced by Enterovirus
71. The allophycocyanin pigment protein basically delays viral RNA synthesis and activates apoptosis in
both human rhabdomyosarcoma cells and Afrin green monkey kidney cells (Shih et. al., 2003).
3.2 Immunostimulant
S. platensis which is primarily used as a dietary supplement, now had been reported to exhibit several
therapeutic properties such as immune-stimulating and antiviral activities. It had been found to activate
macrophages, NK cells, T-cells, B-cells, and to induce the production of interferon gamma and other
cytokines (Khan et.al.,2005; Simpore et. al., 2005; Theodore, G., 2013). Natural substances isolated from S.
platensis had been found to be effective inhibitors against several enveloped viruses by blocking viral
absorption penetration and some replication stages of progeny viruses after penetration into cells (Weid,
2000).
3.3 Immunomodulatory and Anti-allergic
Spirulina exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by preventing the release of histamine from mast cells
(Chirasuwan et. al., 2007;2009). In a recent randomized, clinical, double-blind placebo-controlled trial
(Cleaveland et. al., 2001), individuals diagnosed with allergic rhinitis were fed daily basis, either with placebo
or Spirulina for 12 weeks. Samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated before and after the
Spirulina feeding and levels of cytokines (interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2), which
are important in regulating immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated allergy, were measured. The study reported
that an optimum dose of Spirulina considerably reduced IL-4 levels by 32%, demonstrating the protective
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Sunita Singh et al. AIJR Preprints, 49, version 1, 2020
effects of this microalga toward allergic rhinitis. Ishii et. al., (1999) studied the influence of Spirulina on
immunoglobulins IgA levels in human saliva and confirmed that it enhances IgA production, suggesting a
pivotal role of microalga in mucosal immunity. It is well understood and proven with many research studies
that deficiency of nutrients is responsible for many significant changes in immunity, which establishes as
changes in production of T-cells, secretory IgA antibody response, cytokines and NK-cell activity. The
studies also suggest that nutritional properties Spirulina may modulate the immune system by covering
nutritional deficiencies.
3.4 Anti-Inflammatory
Various research studies reported that free bilirubin functions physiologically as a potent inhibitor of
NADPH oxidase activity. Similarly, phycocyanin (PC), a blue green pigment protein found in Spirulina, also
reported to be a potent inhibitor of this enzyme complex. This protein has been observed to reduce rapidly
in phycocyanorubin, in mammals which is a close homolog of bilirubin (Helliwell, 2011). Phycocyanin
extracted from Spirulina can be administered orally as an anti-inflammatory agent. The easiest and most
economical way to administer phycocyanin is intake of whole Spirulina in either in form of tablets or
capsules. (McCarty, 2007).
3.5 Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that help to fight cell and DNA damage that leads to cancer, heart disease and
other chronic diseases. Some antioxidants are synthesised by body and others are present in form of
different foods whose intake is through diet. C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is one of the most important
biliproteins of Spirulina with antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. C-PC, a selective
cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages
(Reddy, M.C., et.al.,2003). It is also known to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties (Hayashi
K, et. al., 1993). Though, till date, there are no in vivo studies been done on human beings to understand
the antioxidant effects of Spirulina.
3.6 Hepatoprotective
Spirulina has a great hepatoprotective potential due to its composition. The natural antioxidant compounds
present in Spirulina like vitamins (E and C), minerals, phenolic compounds and some fatty acids may act
individually or together provide protection and strengthen the liver functions (Garcia-Martinez et. al., 2007).
Intraperitoneal administration of C-phycocyanin of Spirulina platensis was found successful in reduction of
lipid peroxidation in the liver microsomes in CCl4-intoxicated rats (Bhat and Madyastha, 2000). Role of
Spirulina in preventing the chronic hepatitis from being transformed to hepatic cirrhosis was well described
by Gorban et. al., (2000). In histopathological studies, the efficacy of Spirulina fusiformis was found very
promising. Upon administration of optimised dosages of Spirulina extracts regeneration of hepatocytes was
reported. The hepatoprotective property of the extract may be attributed to the presence of various
bioactive constituents which are present in Spirulina fusiformis (Mathew et. Al.,1995). To get a clear
understanding on mechanism of action of Spirulina in liver protection extensive research is required
(Sharma and Dunkwal, 2012).
4 Conclusions
Several research studies recommended that Spirulina can be a potential and ideal candidate for conjugative
or alternate therapy against disease treatments due to possible synergetic effect of many bioactive
compounds present in the whole cell. It has been demonstrated that the use of Spirulina and its extracts may
significantly reduce cancer and viral diseases. Though, more research is needed to determine the usefulness
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Therapeutic and Nutritional Potential of Spirulina in Combating COVID-19 Infection
of Spirulina against COVID 19 like killer diseases. Scientists across the world and primarily in India, China,
Japan, USA are studying this extraordinary superfood to unlock its full potential. However, it is pretty clear
from published research and in vivo clinical studies that Spirulina is safe natural superfood to be consumed
for ideal health and wellness. The multifunctional role of Spirulina components makes it an ideal natural
remedy with massive prophylactic and therapeutic properties.
“Let your food be your medicine”. Hippocrates
5 Declarations
5.1 Acknowledgments
Sincere thanks to Reliance Industries Limited for funding and fellow colleagues for their valuable inputs
and help in writing the manuscript.
5.2 Authors Contribution
All authors equally contributed in the work which is reported in the present manuscript. Before publication
of this manuscript all the authors sincerely agreed with the terms and conditions of AIJR Preprints.
5.3 Competing Interests
The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest exist in the publication.
How to Cite:
Sunita Singh et al. “Therapeutic and Nutritional Potential of Spirulina in Combating COVID-19 Infection”. AIJR Preprints,
49, version 1, 2020. (URL: https://preprints.aijr.org/index.php/ap/preprint/view/49 ).
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