1) The document summarizes the evolution and development of Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Concentrate (98 Alive) by Professor Max Reynolds as an alternative anti-microbial agent.
2) Laboratory and clinical studies showed the concentrate was effective against various bacteria, fungi, viruses and had low toxicity. Specific studies demonstrated effectiveness against coronaviruses, herpes, influenza, and dengue fever.
3) A small clinical trial of HIV/AIDS patients found that after treatment with the concentrate for over a year, patients' viral loads decreased by an average of 83% and CD4 counts increased by an average of 168%, with patients returning to normal lifestyles.
Dr. Richard Raymond - Antibiotics and Food Safety: Perceptions vs. RealityJohn Blue
"Antibiotics and Food Safety: Perceptions vs. Reality - Dr. Richard Raymond, Former Undersecretary for Food Safety, U.S. Department of Agriculture, from the 2014 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 14-15, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-minnesota-pork-congress"
An Impact of Biofield Treatment: Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Potential U...albertdivis
The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment modality on mycobacterial strains in relation to antimycobacterials susceptibility. Mycobacterial sensitivity was analysed using 12 B BACTEC vials on the BACTEC 460 TB machine in 39 lab isolates (sputum samples) from stored stock cultures.
Src jbbr-21-125 Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL M...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Association of Hygiene Hypothesis with High prevalence of Allergy and Autoimm...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Prevalence of Allergy and Autoimmune Diseases are high in developed countries, but not in developing countries. Helminth infection were associated with lower level of allergy but the mechanism is not yet clear. In hygiene countries like UK, Japan and Korea, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has gained interest as novel therapy and prevention and reach to medicine industrial manufactures. This study will support it by associate Hygiene Hypothesis (HyHy) and the high prevalence of Allergy and Autoimmune Disease. Systematic review and Bayesian network analysis in EBSCO host search engine were used. Result from dynaMed Evidence Based, Point-of-care Reference e Journals: Dentistry, Medical and Nursing has describe 9 literatures support the association of Hy-hy/parasite infection with Allergy and/ or Autoimmune Diseases: 2 publications of meta-analysis are chosen and supported by 5 cross sectional, longitudinal, cause-effect design, and 2 clinical and animal trial. Conclusions: Low-middle-high income countries has a life style of Hyhy pattern support FMT industrial medicine and travelling to developing countries with broad diversity bacteria and worm in therapeutic and prevention potential, supported by sub-saharan and tropical rainforest developing countries.
Dr. William Flynn - FDA Antibiotics StrategyJohn Blue
FDA Antibiotics Strategy - Dr. William Flynn, Deputy Director for Science Policy, Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, from the 2014 NIAA Symposium on Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared Stewardship, November 12-14, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
In June this year Darren Parris and I visited Novus in St Charles, Missouri, to celebrate their 25-year anniversary. Among the revelries (including a personal highlight of a Cardinals baseball match) we were invited to some insightful talks at the Novus Media Jam. One of these talks specifically concerned the Antibiotic Free Movement or ABF, where the ‘sub-therapeutic’ use of antibiotics and the many alternatives Novus offer were discussed.
Dr. Richard Raymond - Antibiotics and Food Safety: Perceptions vs. RealityJohn Blue
"Antibiotics and Food Safety: Perceptions vs. Reality - Dr. Richard Raymond, Former Undersecretary for Food Safety, U.S. Department of Agriculture, from the 2014 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 14-15, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-minnesota-pork-congress"
An Impact of Biofield Treatment: Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Potential U...albertdivis
The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment modality on mycobacterial strains in relation to antimycobacterials susceptibility. Mycobacterial sensitivity was analysed using 12 B BACTEC vials on the BACTEC 460 TB machine in 39 lab isolates (sputum samples) from stored stock cultures.
Src jbbr-21-125 Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL M...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Association of Hygiene Hypothesis with High prevalence of Allergy and Autoimm...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Prevalence of Allergy and Autoimmune Diseases are high in developed countries, but not in developing countries. Helminth infection were associated with lower level of allergy but the mechanism is not yet clear. In hygiene countries like UK, Japan and Korea, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has gained interest as novel therapy and prevention and reach to medicine industrial manufactures. This study will support it by associate Hygiene Hypothesis (HyHy) and the high prevalence of Allergy and Autoimmune Disease. Systematic review and Bayesian network analysis in EBSCO host search engine were used. Result from dynaMed Evidence Based, Point-of-care Reference e Journals: Dentistry, Medical and Nursing has describe 9 literatures support the association of Hy-hy/parasite infection with Allergy and/ or Autoimmune Diseases: 2 publications of meta-analysis are chosen and supported by 5 cross sectional, longitudinal, cause-effect design, and 2 clinical and animal trial. Conclusions: Low-middle-high income countries has a life style of Hyhy pattern support FMT industrial medicine and travelling to developing countries with broad diversity bacteria and worm in therapeutic and prevention potential, supported by sub-saharan and tropical rainforest developing countries.
Dr. William Flynn - FDA Antibiotics StrategyJohn Blue
FDA Antibiotics Strategy - Dr. William Flynn, Deputy Director for Science Policy, Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, from the 2014 NIAA Symposium on Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared Stewardship, November 12-14, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
In June this year Darren Parris and I visited Novus in St Charles, Missouri, to celebrate their 25-year anniversary. Among the revelries (including a personal highlight of a Cardinals baseball match) we were invited to some insightful talks at the Novus Media Jam. One of these talks specifically concerned the Antibiotic Free Movement or ABF, where the ‘sub-therapeutic’ use of antibiotics and the many alternatives Novus offer were discussed.
Dr. Richard Raymond - Antibiotics used in animals Raised for Food - Perceptio...John Blue
Antibiotics used in animals Raised for Food - Perception vs. reality - Dr. Richard Raymond, M.D., former U.S. Department of Agriculture Undersecretary for Food Safety, from the 2015 World Pork Expo, June 3 - 5, 2015, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-world-pork-expo
Unusual causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistanceBhoj Raj Singh
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have long been believed to fuel antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but new research shows that simply lowering consumption is not enough. Poor sanitation, corruption and low public health spending have a bigger role in pushing up drug-resistant infections in low- and middle-income countries, including India.
Clinical Manifestations of Plasmodium bergheiANKA Infection in Juvenile Mice:...AI Publications
Malaria is an important health and development challenge in Africa, Animalmodels most particularly mice, have long been employedto study malaria pathogenesis. Clinical manifestations due to Plasmodium bergheiANKA infection in juvenile mice as a model for understanding the complications ofcongenital malaria in neonates.Forty-five juvenile mice (5-7 days old) were acquired from University College Hospital, Ibadan and injected with 2 x 107 (0.2ml) Plasmodium berghei ANKA parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs). Mice were transported to the study site, kept in well ventilated cages and fed daily with a balanced ration. Every day after post-P. berghei infection, mice were monitored for mortality. Clinical manifestations ofexperimental cerebral malaria (ECM) was assessed and confirmed if at leastruffled fur, hunching, wobbly gait, limb paralysis, convulsions, or coma was observed. Each sign was given a score of 1. Animals with scores ≥4 were considered to have severe ECM.20 (44%) micewerelost due to natural cause (i.e. stress) at day 2 of the experiment. Between day 4 and 9, 25 (56%) of the studymice presented clinical signs of ECM which includes; ruffled fur 25(100%), hunching 21 (84%), wobbly gait 17 (68%), limb paralysis 20 (80%), convulsions 25 (100%) and subsequently died. Survival rate and severity of ECM in the mice differs, 22 (88.0%) had severe ECM and 3(12.0%) had mild ECM.This study has shown that parasite establishment and malaria complications can manifest as early as 4 days’postP. berghei infection in 5-7 days old mice.
The Effect of Ultra Violet Radiation on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Mosquitocidal property of leaf extract of bougainvillea spectabilis (Nictagin...researchanimalsciences
Mosquitocidal property of leaf extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis was evaluated for the egg hatchability, larvicidal and pupicidal activity of mosquito, Aedes aegypti under the room temperature in the laboratory. A relationship was observed between the plant extract dose and the percentage of egg hatchability, larval and pupal mortality. Dosage value as expressed in % was 0.01 to 4.0 for Aedes aegypti. The percentage of egg hatchability, larval and pupal mortality were found to increase with the dosage indicating a relationship between the two. Based on the probit analysis the LC50 (mg/l) value of egg (31), I instar (59), II instar (231), III instar (606), IV instar (1578) and pupa (2637) were observed.
Article Citation:
Rajmohan D and Logankumar K.
Mosquitocidal property of leaf extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis (Nictaginaceae) against the growth and development of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. l.
(Diptera: Culicidae)
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 028-032.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0012.pdf
biological exploration of immunoallergic events at the pasteur institute of c...IJAEMSJORNAL
Introduction : The Immunology Laboratory at the Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire (IPCI) provides the diagnosis of many diseases including immuno-allergic diseases. This study aimed to indicate the various biological tests used in the diagnosis of immuno-allergic diseases. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study from 2012 to 2014with 113 patients. Multi allergenic specific IgE Test, ALL ONZE and ALL CHECK and automated assay VIDAS systemfor total IgE were used on sera of patients. Results: Private and public hospitals provided all the patients. The clinical manifestations were mostly skin,respiratory and ENT diseases (76,10%) .About 65,48 % of patients were aged 3 to 45 years. Pneumallergens occupied the first place,followed by dust cockroaches ,moulds, and pollens.Conclusion: It is necessary to advocate epidemiological investigation on a large scale following the U.S. and Europe investigation models to screen local allergens.
Study on Sensitivity Pattern of Micro-Organisms in Respiratory Tract Infectio...iosrjce
Wide reports in literatures from different parts of the world revealed that antibiotics are
used both widely and indiscriminately. RTIs comprise the most common indication for consulting a general
practitioner, and obtaining an antibiotic prescription.
Antibiotics
History and development of antibiotics
Decline of antibiotics
Bacteriophage: nature’s most abundant antibiotics
Phage specificity, resistance, transduction, lysis
Emergence of phages
Phage Case studies
Challenges to mainstream commercialization
Antituberculosis and toxicity assay of ethanolic extract of mimba cortexCut Fatimah
CUT FATIMAH, Uji toksisitas dan uji antituberkolosis ekstrak daun mimba, Fakultas Farmasi, Fakultas Pertanian UTND MEDAN, Sumatera Utara, Dra. Cut Fatimah, Msi.,Apt.
Antibiotic Resistance form food of animal origint- Debatable issueAsima Zehra
Contribution to the development of antibiotic resistance is multifactorial wherein human medicine plays a major role and food of animal origin are least to bother.
Dr. Richard Raymond - Antibiotics used in animals Raised for Food - Perceptio...John Blue
Antibiotics used in animals Raised for Food - Perception vs. reality - Dr. Richard Raymond, M.D., former U.S. Department of Agriculture Undersecretary for Food Safety, from the 2015 World Pork Expo, June 3 - 5, 2015, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-world-pork-expo
Unusual causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistanceBhoj Raj Singh
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have long been believed to fuel antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but new research shows that simply lowering consumption is not enough. Poor sanitation, corruption and low public health spending have a bigger role in pushing up drug-resistant infections in low- and middle-income countries, including India.
Clinical Manifestations of Plasmodium bergheiANKA Infection in Juvenile Mice:...AI Publications
Malaria is an important health and development challenge in Africa, Animalmodels most particularly mice, have long been employedto study malaria pathogenesis. Clinical manifestations due to Plasmodium bergheiANKA infection in juvenile mice as a model for understanding the complications ofcongenital malaria in neonates.Forty-five juvenile mice (5-7 days old) were acquired from University College Hospital, Ibadan and injected with 2 x 107 (0.2ml) Plasmodium berghei ANKA parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs). Mice were transported to the study site, kept in well ventilated cages and fed daily with a balanced ration. Every day after post-P. berghei infection, mice were monitored for mortality. Clinical manifestations ofexperimental cerebral malaria (ECM) was assessed and confirmed if at leastruffled fur, hunching, wobbly gait, limb paralysis, convulsions, or coma was observed. Each sign was given a score of 1. Animals with scores ≥4 were considered to have severe ECM.20 (44%) micewerelost due to natural cause (i.e. stress) at day 2 of the experiment. Between day 4 and 9, 25 (56%) of the studymice presented clinical signs of ECM which includes; ruffled fur 25(100%), hunching 21 (84%), wobbly gait 17 (68%), limb paralysis 20 (80%), convulsions 25 (100%) and subsequently died. Survival rate and severity of ECM in the mice differs, 22 (88.0%) had severe ECM and 3(12.0%) had mild ECM.This study has shown that parasite establishment and malaria complications can manifest as early as 4 days’postP. berghei infection in 5-7 days old mice.
The Effect of Ultra Violet Radiation on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Mosquitocidal property of leaf extract of bougainvillea spectabilis (Nictagin...researchanimalsciences
Mosquitocidal property of leaf extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis was evaluated for the egg hatchability, larvicidal and pupicidal activity of mosquito, Aedes aegypti under the room temperature in the laboratory. A relationship was observed between the plant extract dose and the percentage of egg hatchability, larval and pupal mortality. Dosage value as expressed in % was 0.01 to 4.0 for Aedes aegypti. The percentage of egg hatchability, larval and pupal mortality were found to increase with the dosage indicating a relationship between the two. Based on the probit analysis the LC50 (mg/l) value of egg (31), I instar (59), II instar (231), III instar (606), IV instar (1578) and pupa (2637) were observed.
Article Citation:
Rajmohan D and Logankumar K.
Mosquitocidal property of leaf extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis (Nictaginaceae) against the growth and development of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. l.
(Diptera: Culicidae)
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 028-032.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0012.pdf
biological exploration of immunoallergic events at the pasteur institute of c...IJAEMSJORNAL
Introduction : The Immunology Laboratory at the Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire (IPCI) provides the diagnosis of many diseases including immuno-allergic diseases. This study aimed to indicate the various biological tests used in the diagnosis of immuno-allergic diseases. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study from 2012 to 2014with 113 patients. Multi allergenic specific IgE Test, ALL ONZE and ALL CHECK and automated assay VIDAS systemfor total IgE were used on sera of patients. Results: Private and public hospitals provided all the patients. The clinical manifestations were mostly skin,respiratory and ENT diseases (76,10%) .About 65,48 % of patients were aged 3 to 45 years. Pneumallergens occupied the first place,followed by dust cockroaches ,moulds, and pollens.Conclusion: It is necessary to advocate epidemiological investigation on a large scale following the U.S. and Europe investigation models to screen local allergens.
Study on Sensitivity Pattern of Micro-Organisms in Respiratory Tract Infectio...iosrjce
Wide reports in literatures from different parts of the world revealed that antibiotics are
used both widely and indiscriminately. RTIs comprise the most common indication for consulting a general
practitioner, and obtaining an antibiotic prescription.
Antibiotics
History and development of antibiotics
Decline of antibiotics
Bacteriophage: nature’s most abundant antibiotics
Phage specificity, resistance, transduction, lysis
Emergence of phages
Phage Case studies
Challenges to mainstream commercialization
Antituberculosis and toxicity assay of ethanolic extract of mimba cortexCut Fatimah
CUT FATIMAH, Uji toksisitas dan uji antituberkolosis ekstrak daun mimba, Fakultas Farmasi, Fakultas Pertanian UTND MEDAN, Sumatera Utara, Dra. Cut Fatimah, Msi.,Apt.
Antibiotic Resistance form food of animal origint- Debatable issueAsima Zehra
Contribution to the development of antibiotic resistance is multifactorial wherein human medicine plays a major role and food of animal origin are least to bother.
Abstract— Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a great risk to burn patients with potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of MRSA and its susceptibility, in burn wound infection/colonization in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. A retrospective study was conducted among patients admitted in burn ward of our hospital, between January to December 2012. All the patients irrespective of age, sex, duration of hospital stay, percentage and degree of burn were included in our study. Wound swabs from 1294 patients hospitalized in burn ward were analysed for bacteriological examination. Swabs were inoculated on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Brain heart infusion broth. Isolates were examined for colony characteristics, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by modified Stokes disc diffusion method. Detection of MRSA was done by cefoxitin (30g) disc diffusion method. Among the Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) isolates, 56.7% (80/141) were found to be MRSA while 43.3% (61/141) were Methicillin Susceptible S.aureus (MSSA). All the MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin, cephalexin and cefazolin. Resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol was found to be 74%, 97.4%, 96%, 100%, 97.4%, 84.6%, 11.5%, 10.3%. All MRSA isolates were found to be sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin while 1.3% were resistant to linezolid. Although survival rates for burn patients have improved substantially over the years, nosocomial infections still remain a major challenge in burn care. This concludes that there is high prevalence of nosocomial infections specially the presence of multidrug resistant bacteria like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among burn patients suggest continuous surveillance of burn wound infections and development and stringent implementation of antibiotic policy.
El 12 de mayo de 2017 celebramos en la Fundación Ramó Areces una jornada con IS Global y Unitaid sobre enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, como la malaria, entre otras.
Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in Maiduguri ...Scientific Review SR
Multi drug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus are on rise and are becoming a
challenge for timely and appropriate treatment. The present study was carried out with an objective to isolate
Staphylococcus aureus from clinical samples and determine their sensitivity. Out of 110 samples collected, 44
were shown to contained S. aureus. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests using 10 different
and commonly used antibiotics by modified Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion technique. Out of the total isolates (42)
tested, only 7.1% were susceptible to all the antibiotics. Multiple resistance was eminent in over 92% with
highest occurrence in 4.8% where the entire antibiotics were resisted. Multiple antibiotic resistance indixes
(MAR index) indicated that 0.6 index occurred most (23.8%) followed by 0.5 (19.0%). On the other hand, 0.1
and 0.8 indexes were the lowest with 0.0% and 1.0% occurrence respectively. Ciprofloxacin was resisted by
most of the organisms (64.3%) while amoxicillin (64.3%) and streptomycin (61.9%) were most efficacious. With
over 90% isolate having MAR index ≥ 0.2, the multiple drug resistance by the S. aureus is quite alarming and
might suggest inappropriate antibiotic usage by the sampled population. Therefore, the need to strategize the
nature of antibiotic treatment against S. aureus and massive campaign on indiscriminate antibiotic use is urgent.
Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in Maiduguri M...Scientific Review
Multi drug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus are on rise and are becoming a challenge for timely and appropriate treatment. The present study was carried out with an objective to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from clinical samples and determine their sensitivity. Out of 110 samples collected, 44 were shown to contained S. aureus. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests using 10 different and commonly used antibiotics by modified Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion technique. Out of the total isolates (42) tested, only 7.1% were susceptible to all the antibiotics. Multiple resistance was eminent in over 92% with highest occurrence in 4.8% where the entire antibiotics were resisted. Multiple antibiotic resistance indixes (MAR index) indicated that 0.6 index occurred most (23.8%) followed by 0.5 (19.0%). On the other hand, 0.1 and 0.8 indexes were the lowest with 0.0% and 1.0% occurrence respectively. Ciprofloxacin was resisted by most of the organisms (64.3%) while amoxicillin (64.3%) and streptomycin (61.9%) were most efficacious. With over 90% isolate having MAR index ≥ 0.2, the multiple drug resistance by the S. aureus is quite alarming and might suggest inappropriate antibiotic usage by the sampled population. Therefore, the need to strategize the nature of antibiotic treatment against S. aureus and massive campaign on indiscriminate antibiotic use is urgent.
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats facing us today.
Why it is relevant to you: without effective antibiotics many routine treatments will become increasingly dangerous. Setting broken bones, basic operations, even chemotherapy and animal health all rely on access to antibiotics that work.
What we want you to do: To slow resistance we need to cut the unnecessary use of antibiotics. We invite the public, students and educators, farmers, the veterinary and medical communities and professional organisations, to become Antibiotic Guardians.
Call to action: Choose one simple pledge about how you’ll make better use of antibiotics and help save these vital medicines from becoming obsolete.
Antioxidants are substances which are capable to protect the body from damages caused by free radical. A variety of free radical scavenging antioxidants exists in the body and many of them are derived from plant sources. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of the absolute ethanolic extract of Enantia chlorantha stem bark on typhoid fever induced rats. Salmonella typhi infected rats were treated every day between 7 to 9 AM with different doses of plant extract (9.16, 36.5 and 73 mg/kg or oxytetracyclin 20 mg/ kg). After 09 days of treatment, the results show that the different doses of this extract have all contributed to the cure of the infected rats, healing marked by the absence of salmonella in animal’s blood cultured on ss agar. In the other hand, treatment with different doses of plant extract result in a relative and signifi cant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of some blood and tissues antioxidant parameters such as CAT, SOD and POD while the level of alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide as compared to untreated control group animal as compared to the untreated control group animals. Whereas, the level of ALP, MDA and NO were signifi cantly decreased (p < 0.05). These results showed that the absolute ethanolic extract of E. chlorantha stem bark possess antioxidant and antityphoid properties necessary to eradicate the free radical produced during typhoid fever infection.
Incidence rate of multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary care hospital, ...Apollo Hospitals
Antimicrobial resistance to microorganisms is a growing public health concern globally, especially in developing countries. This study was conducted to study the incidence rate of multidrug-resistant organisms with their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
Dr. H. Morgan Scott - Science and Practice - How does the Science of Antibiot...John Blue
Science and Practice - How does the Science of Antibiotic Resistance and Use Get Applied in Veterinary and Farming Practices? - Dr. Eric Moore, Technical Director, Norbrook, Inc., Dr. H. Morgan Scott, Professor of Epidemiology, Texas A&M; Dr. Donna Carver, Extension Specialist, Poultry Veterinarian, North Carolina State University; Dr. Joel Nerem, Pipestone Veterinary Services, from the 2017 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium - Antibiotic Stewardship: Collaborative Strategy for Animal Agriculture and Human Health, October 31 - November 2, 2017, Herndon, Virginia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-niaa-antibiotic-symposium-antibiotic-stewardship
Dr. Mike Apley - Where Are We With Resistance in Vet Medicine? Are We Having ...John Blue
Where Are We With Resistance in Vet Medicine? Are We Having An Effect on Human Medicine? - Dr. Mike Apley, Professor, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology, from the 2013 NIAA Symposium Bridging the Gap Between Animal Health and Human Health, November 12-14, 2013, Kansas City, MO, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-antibiotics-bridging-the-gap-animal-health-human-health
Dr. Richard Raymond - Antibiotics Used In Animals Raised for FoodJohn Blue
Antibiotics Used In Animals Raised for Food - Dr. Richard Raymond, Consultant, from the 2013 NIAA Symposium Bridging the Gap Between Animal Health and Human Health, November 12-14, 2013, Kansas City, MO, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-antibiotics-bridging-the-gap-animal-health-human-health
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The Evolution of Melaleuca Alternifolia Concentrate/98alive
1. 98 alive
The evolution of
Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf (Concentrate)
Developed by Professor Max Reynolds
Managing Director – 98 Alive Pty Ltd
– Australasian Botanical Medicine
Griffith University - Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Australia
Managing Director 98 Alive International Pte Ltd
3. In the Beginning…
AIM
To find an alternative anti-microbial that was safe and efficacious
against major bacterial, fungal, cancer and viral human pathogens.
I turned to nature and started to examine all of the supposed anti-
bacterial and anti-fungal natural products that are known to man.
Among the candidate compounds was the group known as the
Melaleuca family, in particular the groups in this family that are
approved Australian TGA listed medicines and USA FDA approved to
be used in food.
3
4. FDA
ASP 2844 TEA TREE OIL (MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA) 068647-73-4
(See FDA – Food Additive Database)
4
5. Raw Material for Concentrate
The aerial leaves of the plant are
harvested from the plantations and
steam distilled to produce the raw
material - ‘Melaleuca Oil’.
Currently there are 500 tons of this
raw material available in Australia
and around a further 200 tons in
other countries.
5
9. The creation of Concentrate
The Melaleuca oil undergoes a proprietary process which removes,
at low boiling point, unstable and potentially toxic monoterpene
components and concentrates the heavier bioactive components
within the oil.
The system operates at low temperature, using inert gas purging
under high vacuum extraction and in an enclosed system, to remove
the bulk of the unwanted compounds.
The process can be controlled precisely and the end product can be
made to within a 3% range from batch to batch.
9
10. The creation of Concentrate
Several name changes have occurred over the years.
* MegaBacTM
* M.A.C. – (Melaleuca alternifolia concentrate).
* 98 AliveTM is the current commercial name of the product
The advantages of this process are:
Increased Bioactive & Efficacy (in some cases over 200X)
Toxicity decreased by 30% (when compared to the raw Melaleuca oil)
10
11. How Safe is M.A.C?
From a toxicology point of view M.A.C has been shown to be
safe for humans both as a topical application and oral ingestion.
We have undertaken acute, sub-acute, 30 day & 90 day oral
ingestion studies (up to 30mg/kg body weight = to 1800mg / 60kg
body weight person). (See Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Studies of MAC and
photos of rat organs at this dose level)
We have also completed the Phase 1 Clinical trial of M.A.C with
40 healthy volunteers. This trial was to assess any changes to
normal body functions with varying dose regimes. Blood and
urine analysis was carried out and all were found to be within
normal standard levels. Even at elevated dosing (up to
900mg/day). Included with this work is a complete
pharmacokinetic study. (See Phase 1 – Clinical Trial of M.A.C)
11
12. How Safe is M.A.C(cont.)
Three studies in 2005 concluded:
1) Melaleuca alternifolia oil is non-clastogenic (not mutagenic) in
the mouse micronucleus test at dose levels of between
1000mg/kg & 1750mg/kg. (See Micronucleus test of Tea tree)
2) Melaleuca alternifolia oil and its major constituent
terpinen-4-ol were found not to be mutagens nor carcinogens
using the Salmonella reverse mutation assay technique.
(See Mutagenic Potential of Tea tree)
3) M.A.C. was tested at concentrations of between 5-25% for
acute dermal toxicity in guinea pigs. There were no ill effects.
(See Dermal Acute Toxicity)
12
13. List of Products
Currently Listed and approved by TGA:
* MAC Immune Health Boost – Aust L 179798
* Pain Relief Oil – Aust L 179684
In Development / In TGA listing process:
* Lung Health
* Nasal Spray
* Throat Spray
* Fungal (feet)
* ACNE treatment
* Oral – Gum Diseases, Teeth
* Herpes – Both 1 and 2 including
cold sores
* Hair scalp treatment
* Ear drops
* Sunburn treatment
* Pessaries (vaginal and anal
infections)
* Wound Treatment
* Cold and Flu infections
13
14. Immune System Response to M.A.C
The results of a 2009/2010 study series on the effects of M.A.C
on selective cytokine induction and activation of immune cell
populations in mice were:
1) M.A.C helps promote immune response when administered in
doses 200mg- 800mg/(kg body weight).
1. 2) M.A.C increases production of selective acute immune phase
response cytokines IL-1, IL-3 & IL-6 but not TNF alpha
(inflammatory response).
2. 3) M.A.C promotes significant increases in activation of immune
“T” cells particularly CD3+, CD4+ (helper cells), CD8+ (killer
cells), CD11b, CD40+, and CD80+ lymphocytes.
(See Murine Immune Response)
14
15. Immune System Response to M.A.C (cont.)
4) Even the smallest dose of M.A.C (200mg/kilo) in mouse trials
promoted increased levels of F4/80 (up to 5 fold) and CD11b+
monocyte/macrophages in peripheral blood.
5) M.A.C does not inhibit LPS-induced immune response in vivo,
but rather is able to promote these responses.
6) M.A.C shows a greater capacity to promote established
antigenic immune responses and hence, its mode of action is
different from LPS/endotoxin.
M.A.C does not appear to act as a non-specific immune
stimulant/adjuvant.
(See Murine Immune Response & Dose Response to Oral MAC reports)
Gold Coast Griffith University - Medical Centre Department
15
16. Virus
To establish the fact that M.A.C had antiviral activity we have studied
the following encapsulated strains:
Corona Virus (SARS group) (See Coronavirus - Viricidal Study)
Herpes Simplex 1 and 2 (See HS2 - Viricidal Study)
Avian A type H1N1 (swine flu – Sun Yat-sen Medical University)
Avian A type H1N1 (so called Spanish flu that killed 50 million people)
Avian A type H5N1 (current Bird flu Vietnam Strain)
Dengue Fever Virus (all 4 strains) – University of Indonesia Jakarta
In all cases we killed these strains “in vitro” and for Dengue
patients “in vivo”.
Sun Yat-sen University in Southern China is working with us on “in vitro” and “in vivo” studies
against H1N1 and H2N3 Avian strains.
16
17. Dengue Fever
In early 2008 a small scale hospital human trial (Indonesia Professor
Umar Achmadi – Indonesian University Jakarta)was carried out in
Indonesia in which 5 patients were diagnosed with Dengue (using
the NS1 and Elisa early testing regime).
Patients were treated with M.A.C and were found to be free of all
clinical symptom after 3-4 days (follow up tests confirmed patients
were free of the virus). By comparison, the normal recovery time
after hospitalization is 11 – 14 days. (See Dengue Fever Case Studies)
Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies are now completed which have
confirmed the initial results. (See Phase 1 & 2 – Clinical Trial of M.A.C.)
17
18. Dengue Fever (cont.)
Viral Load verses Dosage –
Phase II Trial
Note: Significant decrease in
viral load regardless of the
dosage.
All 4 types of Dengue virus
were present in the patients.
Starting viral load for patients
varied. Hence treatment
reaction time was affected by
the initial viral data.
Viral Load Trend of Dengue Patients
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Day of Fever
ViralCount
900mg 48750 37500 30000 22250 14750 8600 6930 40
600mg 54743 42110 23790 18260 12300 7660 5110 2280 920
450mg 58409 44930 28030 17090 12270 10060 8130 7130 4460
300mg 26533 20410 22450 14200 13390 11840 8590 9010 5380 3230
non treatment 46923 61000 75250 65800 75000 64600 62800 60500 49500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
18
19. Dengue Fever (cont.)
Phase II Trial Conclusions – Key Results
•M.A.C reduces the viral load of Dengue infected patients.
•M.A.C was well-tolerated on Dengue infected patients.
•M.A.C’s reducing ability was dose-related.
• The most effective dose for a reduction effect was 600 mg/patient.
•The 600 mg M.A.C dose can also reduce body temperature earlier.
• Thrombocytopenia on control is lower than M.A.C-treated group.
• M.A.C decreases plasma leakage of Dengue infection.
19
20. Dengue Fever (cont.)
Indonesia suffers approximately 360,000 cases a year with around
2 % deaths.
India reports 800,000 cases annually with a much higher fatality rate.
There is currently no cure or vaccine against dengue fever and it
affects around 100 million people a year (WHO figures) with up to
500,000 life threatening infections.
This will increase with global warming as habitat for mosquitoes
expands. Since 1960 to 2010 the infection rate has increased 30
fold. This geographical distribution is around the equator with 70%
of the 2.5 billion people living in endemic areas from Asia and the
Pacific.
20
21. Dengue Fever (cont.)
Indonesia suffers approximately 360,000 cases a year with around
2 % deaths.
India reports 800,000 cases annually with a much higher fatality rate.
There is currently no cure or vaccine against dengue fever and it
affects around 100 million people a year (WHO figures) with up to
500,000 life threatening infections.
This will increase with global warming as habitat for mosquitoes
expands. Since 1960 to 2010 the infection rate has increased 30
fold. This geographical distribution is around the equator with 70%
of the 2.5 billion people living in endemic areas from Asia and the
Pacific.
21
22. Dengue Phase III
22
Results from Phase III carried out by The University of Airlungga in
Indonesia by Professor Nasronuddin and his team.
•Viral Load reduction by 97.6%
•MAC may have Immunomodulatory Effects
•MAC can maintain Endothelial Homeostatis which can prevent
plasma leakage
•MAC is well tolerated in the body, which can be concluded it did
not have Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic effects
•Treatment with MAC does not give any other significant side
effects
•The positive results of this study certainly has policy implications. .
•Professor Nasronuddin and his team suggests that treatment with
MAC should be adopted as the National Standard for Dengue
Hemorraghic Fever patients in Indonesia. This will increase with
global warming as habitat for mosquitoes expands.
•Professor Nasronuddin MD Internist Infectious.
23. HIV - AIDS
In 2009 Southern Research , USA carried out an “in vitro” study on HIV
showing that M.A.C. is as effective as Aldrithiol (an anti-viral compound
unsuitable for humans) and has no negative side effects and no
immune system destruction compared to current HIV drugs.
A small scale study of 11 patients with full blown AIDS was
commenced in November of 2008 at the Joshi Institute in Mumbai,
India.
After 13 months of treatment all patients had experienced a dramatic
decrease in clinical signs & symptoms and have returned to a normal
lifestyle while still being HIV positive. (See HIV Trial Report).
23
24. HIV – AIDS (Cont.)
Over the course of the trial differing M.A.C dosage levels were applied
from 300mg to 900mg/day.
The results show the higher the M.A.C dose level the greater the
reduction in viral load.
Regardless of the M.A.C dose level (300-900mg/day) the CD4 levels
increased and have stayed within a small variation range.
All patients have:
•Increased CD4 levels (average 168%)
•Decreased viral levels (average 83%*)
* There were no before treatment viral load levels taken. Southern Research, USA
states that the normal viral load level for AIDS patients averages 70,000. Using this
figure the actual viral load decrease would be closer to 80%
24
25. Patient
Number
VL:T0 CD4:T0 VL: T1 CD4: T1 VL: T2 CD4: T2 VL: T3 CD4: T3 VL: T4 CD4: T4 VL: T5 CD4: T5 VL: T6 CD4: T6 VL: T7 CD4: T7
1 N/A <300 30,000 389 16,000 862 14,000 904 11340 1,006 17,580 980 13,458 1,025 7,074 846
2 N/A <300 21,000 492 20,200 512 21,000 486 12310 665 18,400 670 15,280 658 5,420 605
3 N/A <300 32,000 390 26,560 456 30,000 426 19570 546 21,290 614 18,560 712 N/A N/A
4 N/A <300 42,000 1,037 23,000 1,492 22,000 1,504 9580 1,490 11,230 1,280 10,580 1,286 4,320 780
5 N/A <300 27,000 478 22,410 540 20,000 580 18780 645 22,460 594 13,450 714 3,430 1,340
6 N/A <300 17,500 510 14,525 555 12,000 625 9640 764 13,050 682 9,528 686 4,560 780
7 N/A <300 12,000 900 9,960 1,080 7,850 1,206 4630 1,254 4,570 1,140 4,368 1,138 5,670 1,080
8 N/A <300 42,097 237 34,940 267 32,460 306 31306 430 37,450 348 23,548 386 12,580 670
9 N/A <300 13,078 451 10,854 536 9,520 596 12340 640 13,560 720 11,450 724 17,340 540
10 N/A <300 26,965 395 22,380 521 20,010 607 19706 780 23,480 690 21,534 708 4,670 736
11 N/A <300 12,000 659 11,000 641 9,450 703 8460 840 7,860 860 N/A N/A N/A 860
Normal Range for CD4 Counts in healthy adults is 390-1,634
T6: December 2009
T7: December 2010
HIV Patient Study 2008-2010: Viral Load (VL) and CD4 Counts
Variable dose levels of NNG were given to patients during this time
Dates for Time Points (T1-T6)
T1: November 2008
T2: December 2008
T0: Pre-November 2008
T3: February 2009
T4: March 2009
T5: September 2009
HIV – Viral Load and CD4 Counts
25
26. HIV – Average Viral Load (Cont.)
Study Average: Viral Load v Time
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
N
ov-08D
ec-08
Jan-09Feb-09
M
ar-09
Apr-09
M
ay-09
Jun-09
Jul-09
Aug-09Sep-09
O
ct-09
N
ov-09D
ec-09
Jan-10Feb-10
M
ar-10
Apr-10M
ay-10
Jun-10
Jul-10Aug-10Sep-10
O
ct-10
N
ov-10D
ec-10
ViralCount
Viral Load
26
27. HIV – Average CD4 (Cont.)
Study Average: CD4 v Time
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
O
ct-08N
ov-08D
ec-08
Jan-09Feb-09
M
ar-09
Apr-09M
ay-09
Jun-09
Jul-09Aug-09Sep-09
O
ct-09
N
ov-09D
ec-09
Jan-10Feb-10
M
ar-10
Apr-10M
ay-10
Jun-10
Jul-10Aug-10Sep-10
O
ct-10N
ov-10D
ec-10
CD4Count
CD4 Count
27
28. CSIRO - Avian Bird Flu Study
INFLUENZA - VIRAL
In 2005 CSIRO completed “in vitro” trials on live fertile chicken eggs
against Avian H5N1 influenza Vietnamese strain ( Bird Flu ).
The result was that 10,000,000 viruses were totally killed in four
hours using 4% M.A.C. with no embryo damage of the live chicken
eggs.
Electron microscopic photos also shows complete infected cell
destruction. (See H5N1 - CSIRO Study)
28
29. CSIRO-Geelong Study of Efficacy of M.A.C. In
Inactivating H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus
Treatment Time
MegaBacTM concentration 60 Minutes 120 Minutes 240 Minutes
2% 4.1 4.5 3.1
3% 2.9 3.5 2.9
4% 3.1 2.7 0
Untreated virus 7.1
Mock-treated virus 7.5
Log 10 residual virus titre after MegaBacTM treatment in (EID50/0.1 ml
Solutions were prepared for negative contrast electron microscopy as per the protocol
described in the QA manual. All samples were imaged with a Philips CM120 at 100kK
and recorded with a MegaView III digital camera.
Table 1
29
30. M.A.C. efficacy: H5N1 + Treatment
Figure 2. H5N1 - Treatment
Image showing numerous virus particles
following treatment. The surface membrane
(envelope – orange arrow) is no longer
homogeneous and surface projections are
largely missing (blue arrows).
Structures resembling
nucleocapsids are indicated
(green arrow)
30
31. M.A.C. efficacy
Image showing numerous virus
particles following treatment. The
surface membrane (envelop orange
arrow) is no longer homogenous and
surface projections are largely missing
(blue arrows)
31
32. Interpretations by CSIRO
Upon treatment of H5N1 with 4% M.A.C. for three hours, the ultrastructure of
the virus changes.
Positive control samples displayed ultrastructure consistent with that
described for viruses belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae
(Virus Taxonomy. Eighth Report of the International Committee on
Taxonomy of Viruses. Edited by C.M. Fauqet, M.A. Mayo, J. Maniloff, U.
Desselberger, L.a. Ball. Elsevier, Academic Press, 2005, p 681-693).
The ultrastructure of H5N1 treated as described differed in that the stain
penetrated the membrane envelope and the majority of surface projections
were absent.
The ability of the stain to penetrate a greater proportion (subjective
observation) of viruses following treatment may be indicative of disruption to
the envelope.
32
33. CSIRO Interpretation (cont.)
To gain an appreciation of the significance of the above changes it
should be noted that the surface membrane incorporates various viral
proteins and support the surface projections (which are required for infection
of host cells) whilst encompassing the viral nucleic acid (nucleocapsid)
which is required for replication.
One interpretation of the ultrastructural changes could be the inference that
they are consistent with the data in Table 1 which show a substantial rise
in viral inactivation when H5N1 is exposed to a 4% concentration of
M.A.C. for a contact time of greater than 120 mins.
Dr Alex Hyatt BSc(Hons), DipEd, PhD, Senior Principal Research Scientist , Project Leader "Bio-Imaging and
Ecohealth“, CSIRO, Geelong.
33
34. Cancer Studies
Associate Professor Steve Ralph, of Gold Coast Griffith University, showed
in 2007 that M.A.C killed breast cancer cells at 0.01% concentration.
Further work using M.A.C has shown it to be effective at killing prostate
cancer cell lines (IncaP at 0.035% and PC3 at 0.125%)..
The study has now been expanded to include the following cancers:
Breast cell liner BHK-21 is killed at 0.07%
Epithelial cell liner MCF-7 is killed at 0.06%
A Cell Liner study by the USA NCI ( National Cancer Institute ) showed 9
types and 50 different strains of cancer were effected.
Other work is being carried out on Epithelial Skin, Epithelial Liver and lung
cancers.
This work is being conducted at the Gold Coast Medical Centre of Griffith University and
Peking University, China.
NCI Cell liner cancer trials.34
35. A short list of known food pathogens
Organism Melaleuca Oil M.A.C. % efficacy +
Staphylocccus auerus 10,000 ppm 50 ppm 200
Escherichia coli 4000 ppm 100 ppm 40
Klebsiella pneumoniae 2,500 ppm 100 ppm 40
Bacillus cereus No kill 100 ppm !
Proteus vulgaris 4000 ppm 50 ppm 80
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8000 ppm 900 ppm 9
The bacteria challenge level was 107 - (10,000,000 cells per ml)
In all 53 other strains were tested against M.A.C. all proving
increased efficacy.
This work was carried out by Professor Thomas Riley in 2005 at the University of Western
Australia Queen Elizabeth II Centre, Biotest Laboratories (TGA & NATA Listed Laboratory) and
Queensland Pathology Department, Brisbane.
35
36. Antibiotic Resistant Strains
Organism Number of Strains M.A.C. Kill Level
MRSA 20 wild strains 150 ppm
Acinebacter baumanni 14 wild strains 150 ppm
Escherichia coli 10 wild strains 150 ppm
Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 wild strains 150 ppm
Enterobacter cloacae 6 wild strains 150 ppm
Klebsiella oxytoca 2 wild strains 150 ppm
E faecium Van A 6 wild strains 150 ppm
E faecalis Van B 14 wild strains 150 ppm
These results are from the Queensland Gov. Pathology Department’s Library of Antibiotic
Resistant Strains Project (2005-06).
36
37. Antibiotic Resistant Strains (cont.)
Since these earlier tests we have challenged and killed over a 100
pathogenic bacterial strains including:
Listeria monocytogens Salmonella typhimurium
Clostridium difficile Vibro chlorea
Yersinia enetrocolitica Legonella sp.
Clostridium perfergens
Specific work has recently been carried out on Helobacter pylori*
suspected of being a causative agent in stomach cancer.
Our work has shown that M.A.C will kill both the normal and antibiotic
resistant strains of this bacteria.
* This work has been carried out by Professor Huan Yao Lei - Dept. of Microbiology &
Immunology, College of Medicine, Taiwan National Chey Kuy University, Taiwan
37
38. China
Chinese Academy of Medical Science* – Tuberculosis Murine Trials and
Cancer Studies
Sun Yat-sen University – Human Dengue work and Murine Avian
Studies H1N1 & H3N2
Beijing Chest and Infectious Hospital is working on Tuberculosis with us.
Taiwan
National Cheng Kung University – Antibiotic Resistant Helobacter pylori
National Defence Medical Centre – Wound Care Study
USA
Southern Research Organisation – HIV
& H5N1 Ferret Model trials
ICR Inc. - Mosquito Repellent Studies
Diabetic Wound Care Project
Indonesia
Gadjah Mada University – Dengue Fever
Phase II Study and 90 Day Oral Toxicity
Study
Starting Phase III Dengue Sept 2011 at the
Airlungga Infectious Reseach University
And HIV studies are to be carried out at the
Sul Saroso for Infectious Disease Hospital is
under way
Australia
Griffith University – A number of cancer studies and
Murine Immune System Study
Green Slopes Hospital – Non TB Mycobacterium lung
infections
University of Western Australia - Transdermal Patch
Study
Previous Studies
AMS Labs - H1N1, Corona Virus (SARS) and HS II
BioTest Labs – Face Mask Studies, Food Pathogens
and Textile Impregnation Trials
CSIRO – H5N1 (Australian Government)
Gadjah Mada University – Dengue Fever Phase I Study
and Acute & Subacute Toxicity Studies
ICR Inc. – Bed Bug Repellent and Mortality Studies
Queensland Pathology – Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial
Strain Study
*see next slide
International Cooperating Centers
38
39. Chinese Academy of Medical
Science, Beijing, China
The human cancer cell lines included in the testing:
• Colon cancer: HCT-116, HT-29, SW480
• Liver cancer: HepG2, Hep3b, SK-HEP-1
• Breast cancer: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, BT-474
• Gastric cancer: NCI-N87, MGC-803
• Glioma cancer (a kind of brain cancer): U-87MG, U251, U-118MG
• Brain cancer: SF126, SF17, SF763
• Pancreatic cancer: BxPC-3, Panc-1, AsPC-1
• Prostate cancer: DU145, PC-3
• Kidney cancer: A498, Caki-1, 786-O
39
40. Presenters
Developed by Professor Max Reynolds
Managing Director Nouveaumedix Biotechnology Pty Ltd
Managing Director 98 Alive Pty Ltd
Joint Managing Director - NeuMedix Melacon Pty Ltd
Director – Australasian Botanical Medicine for Population Health
Griffith University - Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Australia
For further information please contact Professor Reynolds at
E mail professor.reynolds@ 98 alive.com
Phone Mobile 61 414951010
Landline 61 734232721
For the manufacture of Melaleuca alternifolia
concentrate
4040