The pioneer of modern aircraft design
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This presentation illustrates how human mind got to investigate on the reduction of drag and got on the result leading to modern aircraft design.
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Gyroscope.pptx 2.pptxfinal
- Gyroscopes work based on the principle of angular momentum to maintain orientation. A gyroscope is a spinning wheel or disk whose axis remains fixed in space despite external forces.
- Gyroscopic couples occur due to the vector representation of angular motion and cause precessional motion.
- On airplanes and ships, gyroscopic couples from rotating propellers and rotors help provide stability when turning or pitching and rolling in rough seas.
- On vehicles like motorcycles, the gyroscopic couples from the wheels and engine, along with centrifugal forces, help provide stability and prevent the vehicle from falling over when turning.
Gyro
1. Magnetic compasses indicate magnetic north using the Earth's magnetic field, while gyro compasses indicate true north by measuring the Earth's rotation and are unaffected by magnetic fields.
2. A gyroscope maintains its orientation in space regardless of movement by relying on the principle of gyroscopic inertia. It has three degrees of freedom and its orientation remains fixed due to precession caused by external torques.
3. Errors in gyrocompasses like speed error and ballistic deflection error occur due to the Earth's rotation and changes in a ship's speed or course, but can be compensated for through electrical adjustments and a dual rotor design.
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Source:-
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2. www.google.co.in
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The document discusses gyroscopes and their operation. It explains that a gyroscope uses angular momentum to detect or maintain orientation. It consists of a spinning mass mounted on an axle. Mechanical gyroscopes use a spinning mass mounted on gimbals, while electronic gyroscopes use a vibrating proof mass. Common applications include gyrocompasses, guidance systems, bicycles, and more. The document also discusses gyroscopic couples and their effects on ships, airplanes, and vehicles in terms of pitching, rolling, and steering movements.
Gyroscope.pptx 2.pptxfinal
- Gyroscopes work based on the principle of angular momentum to maintain orientation. A gyroscope is a spinning wheel or disk whose axis remains fixed in space despite external forces.
- Gyroscopic couples occur due to the vector representation of angular motion and cause precessional motion.
- On airplanes and ships, gyroscopic couples from rotating propellers and rotors help provide stability when turning or pitching and rolling in rough seas.
- On vehicles like motorcycles, the gyroscopic couples from the wheels and engine, along with centrifugal forces, help provide stability and prevent the vehicle from falling over when turning.
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1. Magnetic compasses indicate magnetic north using the Earth's magnetic field, while gyro compasses indicate true north by measuring the Earth's rotation and are unaffected by magnetic fields.
2. A gyroscope maintains its orientation in space regardless of movement by relying on the principle of gyroscopic inertia. It has three degrees of freedom and its orientation remains fixed due to precession caused by external torques.
3. Errors in gyrocompasses like speed error and ballistic deflection error occur due to the Earth's rotation and changes in a ship's speed or course, but can be compensated for through electrical adjustments and a dual rotor design.
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A short introduction on the device GYROSCOPE and a brief description on its properties, history, applications, types and future work.
Source:-
1. Theory of Machines by R.S.Khurmi and J.K.Gupta
2. www.google.co.in
2. www.wikipedia.org
Gyroscope JAA QUESTIONS
The document contains 30 multiple choice questions about gyroscopes and gyroscopic flight instruments. It asks about the functions of instruments like the rate-of-turn indicator, artificial horizon, directional gyro indicator, turn coordinator, and gyro-magnetic compass. It also contains questions about inertial navigation systems, gyro stabilization platforms, and sources of error for directional gyro indications.
Gyroscope
The document discusses the physics behind how a gyroscope works. It describes how a gyroscope is able to maintain its orientation due to the principle of conservation of angular momentum. When a force is applied to the axle of a spinning gyroscope, it undergoes precession rather than tilting in the direction of the applied force. This phenomenon occurs because the spinning gyroscope resists changes to its axis of rotation. Gyroscopes have practical applications in navigation systems to help keep airplanes and rockets on their intended course or orbit.
Simple Machines
This document provides information about simple machines. It defines simple machines as mechanical devices that change the direction or magnitude of a force. The document then proceeds to define and provide examples of six simple machines: the lever, inclined plane, wedge, pulley, wheel and axle, and screw. For each machine, it outlines the basic definition, examples of uses, and in some cases videos or additional explanatory information. The overall document serves as a reference source on the key characteristics and applications of the six fundamental simple machines.
Gyroscope
Unit-6: Gyroscope, of Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
Gyroscopes
Gyroscopes are spinning wheels or discs whose axis of rotation remains free to assume any orientation. Whenever a rotating body changes its axis of rotation, a gyroscopic couple acts on it. Gyroscopes can balance on a finger or string due to these gyroscopic forces. They are used as central components in aircraft, ships, robots, and spacecraft to maintain orientation independent of vehicle movement and provide pilots with information about aircraft position through connected sensors and contacts.
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A gyroscope is a device that uses angular momentum to detect orientation and maintain stability. It works based on the principle that a torque applied perpendicular to the gyroscope's axis of rotation causes it to precess around an axis perpendicular to both the torque and its angular momentum. Modern gyroscopes use electronics and include microelectromechanical systems, fiber optic gyroscopes, vibrating structure gyroscopes, dynamically tuned gyroscopes, and laser-based gyroscopes.
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3) Further research through computational fluid dynamics simulations and controlled field tests is needed to fully validate fuel savings from new aerodynamic technologies.
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This document provides instructions and content for a lesson on drag. It includes definitions of key terms like drag, air resistance, and streamlined. It outlines experiments for students to investigate drag using a particle model and testing the relationship between object shape and drag. Activities include using a wind tunnel video to sketch shapes, reading about cyclist drag reduction, and carrying out a fair test to measure drag on different shaped objects moved through water.
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2) Vehicle aerodynamics involves flow around the body, components, and passenger compartment. Approaches to optimization evolved from streamlining to detailed analyses.
3) Numerical simulations and wind tunnel tests are used to analyze flow and optimize shapes to reduce drag, lift, and mud deposition. Rounding edges, tapering rear ends, and adding spoilers can all improve aerodynamic performance.
Probabilitytree
The document discusses probability and using tree diagrams to represent outcomes of random events. It provides examples of drawing tree diagrams to show all possible outcomes of selecting beads or balls from a bag with or without replacement between selections. The examples are used to demonstrate calculating probabilities of different outcomes occurring.
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The document discusses the use of vortex generators to reduce aerodynamic drag. Vortex generators are small vanes attached to surfaces like aircraft wings or vehicles. They work by creating tip vortices that draw high-energy air from outside the boundary layer into the slower-moving air close to the surface. This transitions the boundary layer from laminar to turbulent flow, which is less prone to separating from the surface at high speeds or angles of attack. Vortex generators have been shown to delay flow separation on aircraft wings and are now used on vehicles like cars and trucks to reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency at highway speeds.
Aerodynamic Drag Reduction for Ground Vehicles using Lateral Guide Vanes
This document is the final report for an engineering design project aimed at reducing aerodynamic drag on sport utility vehicles using side guide vanes. A team of four students conducted simulations and experiments to test designs for side guide vanes on a scale model of a Hummer H2. In the second phase of the project, the team finalized their design, manufactured guide vanes out of plexiglass, attached them to the model using connecting plates, and tested the prototype in a wind tunnel. The simulations predicted a 15% reduction in drag coefficient with the guide vanes, while experimental testing yielded a 9% reduction, within 4% of the numerical results.
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The pioneer of modern aircraft design
- 1. HOW TO REDUCE DRAG? SOURCES (ASCHER H. SHAPIRO) MADE BY: ZEENAT ANJUM ROLL NO: AU-014 (T.E)
- 2. What is drag? 1. Resistance against movement of objects. 2. Aligned with air flow.
- 4. Why need to reduce drag? To cut down energy consumed. To accelerate the body. Courtesy Beijing Games
- 5. How is this possible? In 1972,Shapiro and NCFMF organized the experiments to determine this. Done on varying shapes of streamlined body.
- 6. What is streamlined body? 1. Velocities tangent to flow. 2. Reduction of friction. An example of streamlined body.
- 7. How was experiment performed? Blower was increased till 210 miles/ hr. Constant airspeed taken. Four different objects taken. ASSUMPTIONS: Position 1 : sharp edge away from blower. Position 2: round edge away from the blower. Circular rod having thickness same as airfoil.
- 8. What were the results? AIRFOIL Position 1 AIRFOIL Position 2 Rectangular Rod Circular Rod AIR SPPED 210 miles/hr 210 miles/hr 210 miles/hr 210 miles/h DRAG FORCE 1.0 2.6 4.0 9.3
- 9. Conclusion As a result, shape of aircraft modified. Formerly, wires were used to strengthen the airplane. Experiments proved drag force of wire and airfoil to be same. TO