The Pegasus Constellation Research Paper

The Pegasus Research Paper
The constellation I have chosen to write an essay about it the Pegasus constellation. I chose this
constellation I love horses. They are one of my favorite animals. And the Pegasus is simply a horse,
but with wings. It was first cataloged in the 2nd century by a Greek astronomer and named after the
Greek myth of the Pegasus, the winged horse.
In Greek mythology, Pegasus is a white winged horse that sprang from the neck of the Gorgon
Medusa when Perseus beheaded her. Medusa was a beautiful young woman before she was turned
into a monster by the goddess Athena after being caught being defiled by the sea god Poseidon in
the goddess' temple. Athena turned Medusa's hair into snakes and made her face so ugly that anyone
who looked at her immediately turned to stone. Perseus was sent ... Show more content on
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Polydectes wanted Danaë for himself and Perseus stood in his way because he defended his mother
from the king's advances. He did not expect the hero to come back from his mission alive. When
Perseus killed Medusa, Pegasus and the warrior Chrysaor sprang from her neck, both of them
offspring of Poseidon. The name Pegasus is derived from the Greek pegai which means "springs" or
"waters," and Chrysaor's name means "the golden sword." When he was born, Pegasus flew away to
Mount Helicon in Boeotia, where the Muses lived, and he befriended them. He created a spring that
was named Hippocrene by striking the ground with his hoof. The name Hippocrene means "the
horse's fountain." It was said that those who drank from the spring were blessed with the gift to
write poetry. The most famous myth involving Pegasus is the one of Bellerophon, the hero who was
sent by King Iobates of Lycia to kill the Chimaera, a monster that breathed fire and was devastating
the king's land. Bellerophon found
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Why Do Wars Arise And Recurrence? Essay
Why do wars arise and recurrence? Why do history always repeat itself? Especially when it comes
down to cases where choices that are involved to create these wars are tangled by individuals who
are very careful and great rational actors. There are many questions and many answers to this
question. One of the causes of war many believe it's true when wars come about is that a war cost
cannot overpoweringly be high. By that I mean in the eyes of the individuals making the decisions
there must be some reasonable situations such as expected gains from the war. Gains such as
resources they can possibly receive after the war such as glory, power, money, respect, territory,
fame, and so forth surpass the predictable prices of the war. Including anticipated damages to things
such as individual's lives and their properties. With a war occurring theirs always battles that take
place along in creating a war. These battles alongside create a war due to the fact little things work
their way up to become bigger things. For example, if there is a small camp fire and you add just
little bit of fuel, that little fire becomes a big fire. With crusades, greed, power, resources, battles,
and so much more, these things lead to bigger issues. Such as, in order to gain power one must give.
Indore to gain respect one must fear. Finally, in order to gain resources and all the extra things, one
must loose. And that's the thing when it comes down to wars one must loose, in order for the other
one to

Athenian Military Analysis
Athens is one of the largest and most prominent city–states, in Greek history. Politically, Athens
proposed different radical forms of government and ranges of influence. Between the sixth to the
fourth century, Athens was the pre–famous force in the Mediterranean. The Athenian Empire was
comprised of a colossal number of tribute–paying states and had complete control over the Aegean.
In the sixth century, the Greek Empire was under attack from the Persian Empire, governed by King
Xerxes who had a great interest in attacking the Greece. Under the leadership of both Athens and
Sparta, they successfully defeated the Persians at the clashes of Marathon, Salamis, and Platea. This
warfare was known as the Persian Wars and was very significant ... Show more content on
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56). Sparta was situated in the locale of Laconia in the Peloponnesus; Corinth was on the isthmus
that connected the Peloponnesus to territory Greece; Athens was located in the district of Attica, and
Thebes toward the north in Boeotia (Dutton, Marchand, Harkness, 2014, pp. 57). These imperative
poleis assumed important roles in the Peloponnesian War. In Greek history, Athens and Sparta were
the two rival opponents that made the most commotion and furthermore gave the most tradition.
They were near one another on a map, but still had their difference when it came to values and their
standard of living (Dutton, Marchand, Harkness, 2014, pp. 56). For a long time, Spartan armed
forces provided a majority of the defense towards the Greek lands. The Spartans used heroism
through the Battle of Thermopylae and the Persian Wars, which created some inspiration for the
Greeks to battle back energetically against the attacking Persians. Athenian and Spartan battled
alongside each other, in the Battle of Plataea, which ended Persian attacks of Greece. Amidst of
these two city–states, was Corinth which safeguarded itself and had ports on both sides of the
isthmus (Dutton, Marchand, Harkness, 2014, pp.57). Corinth was an in–between polis, which made
it easier to mediate and communicate both with Athens and Sparta.

Plutarch's Life and Legendary Writings Essay
Plutarch was a well–known historian, biographer, and essayist. Also, Plutarch was a Greek scholar,
and today is considered to be a Middle Protanist. Clyde Curry Smith, a professor at the University
of Wisconsin, tells readers "Plutarch was born sometime around 46 A.D. in Chaeronea, Boeotia"
(Smith). Plutarch was born "around the Roman imperial administration of Claudius I"(Smith). It is
also believed that Plutarch died around the age of 74, "sometime after 120 c.e."(Smith). Along with
being a historian and essayist, Plutarch was also a priest, ambassador, mayor, and magistrate.
Plutarch was born to a wealthy prominent family; he later married and is known to have at least two
sons. During his time, Plutarch can be reflected as a celebrity ... Show more content on
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Moralia contains "Plutarch's surviving writings on ethical, religious, political, and literary topics and
amount to more than 60 essays"(Walbank). Smith states, "of the seventy–eight essays, the average
length is less than seven thousand words"(Smith). Though Plutarch has many recognizable and still
existent writings, his style of writing is very important. Many people are intrigued with Plutarch's
writing skills, and find they are very important. Plutarch usually wrote to explain an aspect of, some
even about military matters. Also, readers can relate his writing style as trying to teach and persuade
the reader to attain their morality or respectability in their own life, also known as philosophical.
Walbank informs the reader about Plutarch's writing style "His style is predominantly Attic,
influenced by the contemporary Greek that he spoke"(Walbank). Although Plutarch generally wrote
about figures in the Greek and Roman society, some people believe his writing styles can be divided
into four small groups. These four groups are depicted to be "at the request of his friends, for his
own satisfaction, whose career may serve as a warning, and of the founding fathers and legislators
of Greece and Rome"(Smith). Smith also tells us that "Plutarch understood d his main literary
activity was to involve the education of men"(Smith). Finally we know that Plutarch also "gave
attention to a great variety of topics, some of a traditional nature, some much more issues of the

King Leonidas: A Military Warrior
As king, Leonidas was a military leader. Like all male Spartan citizens, Leonidas had been trained
mentally and physically since childhood in preparation to become a warrior. Hoplites were armed
with a round shield, spear and iron short sword. In battle they used a formation called a phalanx, in
which rows of warriors stood directly next to each other so that their shields overlapped with one
another. During an attack this wall of shields provided significant protection to the warriors behind
it. If the phalanx broke or if the enemy attacked from the side or the rear, however, the formation
became vulnerable. It was this fatal weakness to the otherwise formidable phalanx formation that
proved to be Leonidas' loss against an invading Persian

Athens Facts
FACTS It took place in ancient greece 431–427) VERY IMPORTANT 430, Athens offered peace
and Sparta refused. Then, in late 429, .Athens won two important naval battles (Chalcis and
Naupactus) and Sparta started to regret their refusal. A year later Spartans ally, Mitylene was being
attacked and Sparta just left them to surrender. This was contradicted by Plataea, Athens' ally,
surrendered because Thebes had completely destroyed their city and population. But, this did not
stop Athens. They began to take the lead, yet only after a big loss. It seems the war was at a
stalemate. In Athens, the economy was rapidly falling. This led to Pericles ditching strategic
opportunities he could use with his navy. Ended in signing of Peace of ... Show more content on
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The war commenced on 4 April 431 B.C. when the Thebans launched a surprise attack on Plataea,
who as a partner of Athens. The war ended on 25 April 404 B.C. when Athens surrendered.r, Athens
(under Pericles and then Nicias) successful until 424. Athens makes little forays on the Peloponnese
by sea and Sparta destroys areas in the countryside of Attica. Athens makes a disastrous expedition
into Boeotia. They try to recover Amphipolis (422), unsuccessfully. Athens fears more of her allies
would desert, so she signs a treaty (Peace of Nicias) that allows her to keep her face, basically
setting things back to how they were before the war except for Plataea and Thracian towns. The
Athenians experienced a major setback when a plague broke out in 430 BC Between one–third and
two–thirds of the Athenian population died, including the prominent general Pericles. wall the
Spartans had built The Battle of Tanagra Sports wins.. Athens fielded "their whole army, supported
by 1,000 troops from Argos and by contingents from their other allies, making up together a force of
14,000 men. n army of 1,500 Spartan hoplites with 10,000 of their allies

Jude Christian Timeline
Jarrett Hazel
Beggs
Jurisprudence and the Bible
08/27/2015
Israelite – Judean – Christian Timeline
Abraham was born in Mesopotamia and died in Canaan. Abraham is founding father and is a figure
revered by the three main monotheistic religion, which are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Abraham inherit land from God, which we now know as Canaan.
David was born in Bethlehem, Israel 1040 BC and died in Jerusalem, Israel 970 BC. King David
was known for his skills as a warrior and also a writer of psalms. King David led the people of
Israel to victory in many battles, he also conquered land and this led the way for his son, Solomon,
to lead the building of the Holy Temple.
Deborah was born in 1200 BC and died in 1124BC. Deborah was a prophet of the god of the
Israelites. Deborah was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hyrcanus II was the older son of Alexander Janni and Salome Alexandra succeeded his father as
high priest, he was high priest from about 79 to 40 BC. He was the king of Judea in the 1st century
BC.
Jeremiah was born in Anathoth, Israel in 655BC and died in Egypt in 568BC. Jeremiah was a
Hebrew prophet, reformer, and author of a biblical book that was named after him. He was closely
involved in politics and religious events of a crucial era in the history of the ancient Near East.
Jesus was born in 6 BC in Bethlehem and died in Jerusalem AD 30. Jesus was a religious leader
whose teaching and life are recorded in the new testament of the bible. He is a central figure in
Christianity and is emulated as the son of God.
Luke the Evangelist was born in Antioch, Syria and died near Boeotia, Greece in AD 84. Luke the
Evangelist was one of the four Evangelists. Luke wrote the book of Acts of the Apostles and Gospel
according of Luke, both are referred as Luke–Acts.
Malachi was born in the Persian period near 516 BC. Malachi was a Jewish prophet in the Hebrew
Bible. Malachi was the write of the Book of Malachi, the last book of the neviim section in the
Jewish

Thermopylae Battle Analysis
My curiosity began with the Greco–Persian wars. Around 480 BC Xerxes gained power of the
Persian forces and lead a second attack on the Greeks. My opening question in seeking a battle to
focus on was what was the purpose of instigating any specific battle? What can be achieved for
either side that is worth enough to risk lives for? The battle of Thermopylae particularly struck my
interest because the location seemed like a key factor in completely conquering Greece. Once the
Persians had victory over Thermopylae, Boeotia quickly fell and Attica and Athens were open to
invasion. In searching for details on the battle, I quickly learned that the Battle of Artemisium was
hand in hand with Thermopylae and took place at the same time as the battle of Thermopylae. To
further explore what made these two specific battles unique I researched specific details like the
battle strategy and approach, focusing on the Greeks. J.A.S. Evans's book, Notes on Thermopylae
and Artemisium, was particularly helpful because it went into depth on how the two battles were
connected and possible reasoning for the approach to the battles and the outcomes of such actions.
Beginning with Thermopylae, the Greeks were prepared for Xerxes ... Show more content on
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Looking back to Evans who uses the Troezen decree to piece together the strategy of both battles, he
says, "The publication of the Troezen decree has given time to rise to another view, that neither
Thermopylae nor Artemisium were any more than delaying operations, designed to give the
Athenians time to evacuate and the navy to muster [at Salamis]."...I saw the logic in this explanation
because in the face of the Persian forces that greatly outnumbered the Greeks, it is possible they saw
little chance at preventing the invasion of Athens, and instead bought time for their people to

The Failure of Xerxes’ Invasion of Greece Essay
Xerxes was a man of power. The Great King of Persia, his empire encompassed the majority of the
known world. On his invasion of Greece in the spring of 480BCE, he reportedly commanded a
horde of over two million men. Even the Greek oracle at Delphi encouraged prudence in face of
such an overwhelming force (7.140). Thus the question arises of why such an army failed to compel
Greece into submission. I will explore this with focus on the key battles and the important factors,
most notably the timing of the attack, the quality of his expeditionary force and Xerxes' personal
faults. Overall, Xerxes' initial strategy was sound. Before he had even bridged and crossed the
Hellespont , Xerxes had established a very good relationship with the ... Show more content on
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His force further had innumerable archers. It was with this in mind that the Athenians made the
"fateful" decision to train 40,000 men for 200 ships in 481BCE. This force was relatively
inexperienced compared to the Persian contingent, which included skilled Phoenician sailors (D.S
11.18.1). The Persians had light, fast boarding ships compared to the Greeks who had stout, strongly
built ramming ships (8.10,60). This would prove critical later at the crowded straits of Salamis in
480BCE. If it were not for this fleet, the "Persian conquest of Greece would have been assured."
(7.139). If Persia had control of the sea, defeat by land would quickly have followed due to the
inability of the city–states to hold a united front. The halt in city–state squabbles and the creation of
the Hellenic League was "no small achievement" and was to the great disadvantage of Xerxes. This
clearly was a factor in the overall demise of the campaign. The construction of the Athenian fleet,
advocated by Themistocles, was a precursor to this. While the battle at Artemisium is considered
indecisive (8.18), and the corresponding battle at Thermopylae a Pyrrhic victory for Xerxes, it was a
huge victory of propaganda for the Greek side. A small force held off the best of the Persians for
many days – showcasing the superiority of the Greek hoplite in close

Funerary Vases Essay examples
Funerary Vase (Krater) 1) A painted clay vessel showing an early style of Greek figurative art, also
embodies some core Greek beliefs. 2) Grave Marker: a) A Krater is a wide–mouthed clay vessel for
mixing wine and water. 3) Terracotta: a) The vessel is made from Terracotta (Terracotta, Terra cotta
or Terra–cotta (Italian: "baked earth", from the Latin terra cotta), a type of earthenware, is a clay–
based unglazed or glazed ceramic where the fired body is porous. Its uses include vessels (notably
flowerpots), and Greek terracotta figurines. The term is used to refer to items made out of this
material and to its natural, brownish orange color, which varies considerably. In archaeology and art
history, "terracotta" is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Originating in approximately 1050 BCE, this style greatly varied from the previous Minoan and
Mycenaean approaches. Being in the Geometric period, these vases started using different shapes,
such as spirals, and diamonds, which the previous are styles were not accustomed too. Death and
funerary practices are of particular interest to archaeologists, mainly because funerary remains are
often some of the best–preserved and most widely available resources for studying ancient cultures.
Graves and the objects found within them can potentially provide a wealth of information about
everything from the life and death of the deceased individual to the beliefs, rituals, and customs of
the society as a whole. Funerary remains allow archaeologists a glimpse into the individual's
personal taste, socio–economic status, and position within society. Perhaps a more credible result of
studying these remains, however, is the insight into the ways in which the individual was
remembered and regarded by his or her survivors.
A large number of Greek vases from the Geometric period (approximately 900 – 700 BCE) focus on
burial and mourning styles. These vases come primarily from the provinces of Attica, Boeotia, and
the Argolid on the Greek mainland. The styles shown on vases from these areas are so similar to one
another that scholars believe the styles all originate from Bronze Age traditions some 800 – 1000
years prior. Although CU Art Museum

The Athens Strategy: Peloponnesian War
Analysis of The Athens strategy
Pericles formulated the Athens strategy in a stable internal environment at the beginning of the
Peloponnesian war. The internal democratic order and unity achieved in defining the political goal,
with a proper assessment of their own strengths and weaknesses, as well as the strengths and
weaknesses of the enemies have contributed to the formulation of a defensive strategy.
Unlike Pericles's strategy, the offensive strategy during the Sicilian expedition formulated a conflict
between two different visions of Alcibiades and Nicias in an unstable political environment.
Alcibiades's desire for power and glory overwhelmed Nicias wisdom and prudence. In such
circumstances, the strategy was vaguely defined and had a major risk of Sparta's attack and the
rebellion of the Athens Allies.
During the First War Period (431–421 BC), Athens had two political goals: to protect the empire and
to restore the state between Athens and Sparta as it was before the beginning of the war. Achieving
the political goals was possible by the realization of the military objectives: defending the city of
Athens, preserving the land forces and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of the Navy in the coastal area was of exceptional significance. These attacks were not only
retaliation for the desertion of Attica, they had an impact on the unity of the Spartan and their allies.
The Navy's attacks focused on creating insecurity and raising the cost of the war for the Spartan
side. After the death of Pericles, Athens strengthened offensive activities on the Peloponnese
Peninsula, Boeotia and Aetolia. Finally, in the battle at Sphacteria in 425 BC Athenian demonstrated
the ability for quick reaction and exploitation of opportunity by blockading and then capturing
Spartan

Artemision Bronze Essay
The Artemision Bronze creator is still in debate and has been credited with either being created by
several great sculptors such as Boeotia, Aegina, Sicyon, Argos Onatas, Myron and Nesiotes. Any of
these sculptors could have created this marvel which is questioned to be either Zeus or Poseidon due
to its missing weapon. The Artemision Bronze was said to be created around 460 B.C.E, also known
as the Classical Period where Greek Sculptures began to transform into realistic human forms along
with the rise of Democracy and the fall of the Aristocratic culture. As of today, the Artemision
Bronze is held in National Archaeological Museum in Athens, Greece along with several other
important statues like Diadoumenos, the ''Varvakeion'' Athena, etc. The statue has been said to have
the theme of "Severe Style" because of the statue's simplicity and the severity of its form, that are
visible in the facial features and the heaviness of traits which contrast to the lighter features of the
sculpture. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This meant careful observation of the model, as well as understanding the mechanics of the human
body and, how a body adjusts to a pose which isn't frontal but with the weight shifted to a side of
the body, and how said body behaves in violent motion. The successors, mainly athlete figures, are
shown regularly 'at ease', with one leg relaxed, with a shift in the shoulders, and the contrasts of
rigid and relaxed in parts of the body. As a result, the sculptors of the era created marvelous statues
of Gods such as Zeus, Athena, Poseidon, and many more. The Statues weren't all Gods; in fact,
some statues were of youths standing in ways that depicted them attempting to grab objects and
others simply raising their hands in

King Alexander Lll : King Of The Western World
1
Running Head: KING ALEXANDER lll
King Alexander lll of Macedon: King of the Western World
William Crook
Lincoln Charter School
October 20, 2014
Mr Thomas
Honors World History
King Alexander lll 2 King Alexander lll of Macedon was the best leader during his time, and he
soon became the king of all western civilization, before he was 30 years old. Alexander
accomplished greater things than not only of the kings who had lived before him, but also of those
who came after him. Alexander lll of Macedon was born in Pella, Macedonia in 356 B.C. He spent
his childhood years watching and learning how his father transformed Macedonia into a great
military power.
Alexander's dad was King Philip ll, ruler of Macedon, and his mother was Olympias, daughter of
the king of Epirus. Olympias was the princess of her father's country, Epirus. She was a wise woman
who taught her son about the people before him, such as Hercules and Achilles. Ever since he was a
little boy, his father conditioned him for conquest and power, so that he will be a strong king.
Alexander then became focused on following his father's footsteps, which he later does in his life.
As a young boy Alexander was brave and fearless. At the age of 12 Alexander found a horse that
could not be tamed, the steeds name was Bucephalus. Alexander was taught by Aeropostale for most
of his teenage years. He was taught by Aristotle at the Mieza Temple. Alexander supposedly had a
strong athletic build. He was

The Influence Of Divine Power In Ancient Greece
One of the difficulties shared crosswise over cultures and beliefs is the impalpable, inexpressible
nature of the divine power. For the Greeks, the need to experience god was not bound to limits.
Greek divine beings were wherever on coins, jewels, drinking vessels, domestic wall paintings.
Notwithstanding when they were not there, their energy could be felt in the portrayal of the
individuals who had felt their energy before in a process of inspiration. They were as inescapable as
they were all observing. The Greeks perceived not one otherworldly power, but rather numerous
heavenly forces, numerous divine beings and different creatures ready to exercise some kind of
extraordinary impact. Recognizing this impact means communing with these creatures, and to do
that, the Greeks needed to realize what they resembled, and where to discover them. Envisioning
extraordinary powers and making spaces for them is both precondition and result of religious
considering (Keeble, 2009:63). As indicated in records by Pausanias, the peripatetic Greek
geographer and historian of the second century AD, there were initially three mountain goddess
muses. Pausanias' Descriptions of Greece resembled early Baedeker ... Show more content on
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To conjure the muses toward the start of any aesthetic and artistic attempt rapidly turned into a
convention and one which gone on for a long time. As Hesiod's long poem, the Theology, initiates
with an ordinary psalm to pay tribute to the muses which keeps going an aggregate of 104 lines and
starts, "From the Muses of Helicon, let us begin our singing, that haunt Helicon's great and holy
mountain, and dance on their soft feet round the violet–dark spring and the alter of the mighty son
of Kronos" (Hesiod, 1988, lines

Poseidon's Three Forked Trident
The symbol of the scepter, Poseidon's' three forked Trident, originated in ancient Greek mythology.
He is said to circumnavigate the world with his war chariot or seahorses. The meaning of the name
trident, or the Indian Trisula, is "three–toothed and/or three– pronged spear or fork." In the
etymology of the name trident (Latin tridentem, amis, of tridens) are found two words tri and dent
(dens). The meaning of tri is three and the meaning of dent (dens) is tooth. The word dent or dens is
where we get the modern English word of dentist. Hence, the literal meaning of trident is having
three teeth. The connection to teeth and Cadmus can be found in the dragon he slew and its teeth
which were sown (probably meaning that the Sparti originated from the 3 teeth) "And, whereas thou
sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The trident is the US Navy Special Warfare insignia and it is worn by the members of the U.S. Navy
Seals. It represents three aspects Sea, Air, and Land. No matter; it seems that the trident not only
alludes to a power or force that seems to be incomprehensible but it most certainly alludes to
dominance over, and, the ability in its power to do so. An ancient description of attributes for the
trident that I have not found in anything current is that it represents all that is known of science,
philosophy/religions, and history. Tools such as these would make it possible to conceive of an
enabled god named Poseidon dominating and controlling by wielding these powers over the three
principalities (heaven, earth, and hell). In addition the "trident" is akin to the symbolism of the
shepherd's crook. The shepherd uses the hook/crook to save fallen animals/humans or to ensnare
them. If the crook was used to ensnare then this could play out as the ability to withhold or

Battle Of Thermopylae Research Paper
The battle of thermopylae my topic shows taking a stand by ancient greece joining together to beat
the persian empire even though they didn't all see eye to eye.The battle of Thermopylae was the first
between the Persians and Greeks during the Persian invasion of 480–479 BC. This . The Greek
force was very small but was determined to make a stand against the huge Persian army.All of
Greece was in fear, knowing that the army of the Persian king Xerxes had begun its invasion of
Greece.
Already the Thessalians had gone over to the Persian side, but some Greek cities had come together
and forgotten their usual rivalries, determining to stop the Persian invasion. These cities agreed that
Sparta would lead the Greek army, as her reputation in war was unmatched by any other Greek
state."Spartans were combing their hair and exercising. However, the king was warned not to
misread this information: the Spartans were preparing to fight to the death and were men of great
bravery".The battle of Thermopylae was the first between the Persians and Greeks during the ...
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They were not ready just yet to surrender to the Persians.""And so the Spartans and those other
Greeks who fought to the death had lost the battle for Thermopylae. The Persian army could now
march into central Greece, wreaking havoc and destruction. But, although the Greeks had lost this
battle, the great courage shown by the Spartans boosted the morale of other Greeks. They were not
ready just yet to surrender to the Persians."And so the Spartans and those other Greeks who fought
to the death had lost the battle for Thermopylae. The Persian army could now march into central
Greece, wreaking havoc and destruction. But, although the Greeks had lost this battle, the great
courage shown by the Spartans boosted the morale of other Greeks. They were not ready just yet to
surrender to the

Pericles Funeral Speech
In Pericles's Funeral Speech for Athenian War Dead, he brings the listeners attention to the form of
living Athenians and how it differs to outsiders, "The way we live differs in another respect from
that of our enemies. Our city is open to all the world. We have never had any aliens' laws to exclude
anyone from finding out or seeking anything here, nor any secrets of the city that an enemy might
find out about and use to his advantage." The Athenians lived a simple lives with limited democracy
because of the leadership strategy of Pericles.
Throughout Pericles's childhood, he interacted with artist, philosophers, and musicians. This
interaction took a huge role in his character, and he became a leader of Athens and a huge supporter
of the arts. After the Persian invasion in 480, most Athenians refused to rebuild Acropolis which was
in a state of ruin and served as a reminder of the price of the previous war. Regardless of their
refusal, Pericles convinced them to rebuild Acropolis. The centerpiece of Acropolis was a temple of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pericles passed laws which allow those who attain positions in the government to be paid. These
salaries allowed the poor to serve in government. Although Pericles being an aristocrat, he helped
the low class. He allowed people from low class to attend theaters for free. He gave more power to
those which allowed majority of them to attend and take part in the Athenian politics. The city
council of Athens consisted of 500 citizens which were elected annually. Pericles also started to
spend money on governmental projects that allowed Athenians to attain foreign currency. Pericles
was a leader that influenced and improved the democracy of Athens during the Golden

The Life of Alexander Plutarch
In Life of Alexander, Plutarch employs extensive methods to depict Alexander as a man of both
great ambition and self–control, despite Alexander's degeneration of character by the end of his life.
In the modern world, the regression from just conqueror to unrestrained tyrant is completely
congruent with the contemporary concept of ambiguous morality. In the ancient world, however,
everything is expressed and understood in clear constructs; therefore, one's character cannot change
within a lifetime–it can only be revealed. The history of Alexander the Great is well–known, so
Plutarch has to address common knowledge and beliefs while persuading the audience to believe in
his portrayal of Alexander. Plutarch establishes Alexander as a great ruler whose out of character
actions are made sensible with reinterpretations of situations and are neutralized with stories
proving his positive traits. Through these methods, Plutarch successfully resolves the issue of
Alexander's conflicts in character and is able to create a convincible and consistent character.
Plutarch's portrayal of Alexander as a just king is challenged by the infamous destruction of Thebes.
Alexander leading his army to destroy Thebes and massacre its population is characteristic of a cruel
tyrant, not a just king. To resolve this, Plutarch describes Alexander as "wishing to give her still a
chance to repent of what she had done, he merely demanded the surrender of Phoenix and Prothytes
and proclaimed an amnesty

What Is Peace Between Athens And Achilles
In 387 B.C Plato founds his academy
In 381 B.C. Spartans are defeated at Olynthus.
In 380 B.C. Cleombrotus becomes king of Sparta
In 378 B.C. Athens and Thebes make an allegiance
In 377 B.C. Agesilaus invades Boeotia
In 376 B.C. Battle of Naxos takes place
In 374 B.C. There is peace between Sparta and Athens
In 374 –373 B.C. Peace between Sparta and Athens is broken
In 373 B.C. the Temple of Delphi is destroyed
In 371 B.C. Thebes takes over Greece
From 371 to 369 B.C. the Arcadian League is formed
In 370 B.C. Plato writes the book The Republic
In 366 B.C. Alliance betweeen Athens and Arcadia is formed
In 365 B.C. War between Arcadia and Elis erupts
In 362 B.C. Athens and Sparta unite against/allegiance against Thebes
In 359 B.C. Macedonia

Myths And Myths Of The Greek World
A myth is a traditional story, concerning the early history of people or explaining a natural or social
phenomenon; they typically involve supernatural being or events (Dictionary.com, 2016). Myths
certainly had a simple aesthetic function of entertainment; they were presented through the means of
visual and theatrical art (Cartwright. M, 2012). Myths provided advice on how to lead a good life.
Some myths were purposely composed to be outrageous and wrong because it taught the people
what not to do. Myths, however, were also thought to be a reflection of the Greek's way of thinking;
this was depicted through them portraying their deities as humans, giving them human traits
(Vandiver. E, 2000). Myths explained the environment in which humankind lived in and the natural
phenomena they witnessed (Vandiver. E, 2000). They were also intricately connected to religion in
the Greek world and explained the origin of Gods and where humanity had come from and where
humans would go after death (Mark. J, 2012). Myths provided entertainment and also shocked
people into behaving. Myths were represented in visual art on sculptures, pottery, and even public
buildings and were also prominent in within theatres in plays written by famous playwrights like
Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus (Cartwright. M, 2000). Some myths deliberately contained
characters or Gods with undesirable traits. These myths all contained morals that shocked the
Greeks and taught them how to live a good life and what

Book Of Acts
Synopsis: Acts Shannon Fouts BIBL 5023 Graduate Survey of the Bible Dr. Grant Testut August 10,
2015 Introduction The book of Acts is a captivating, theological narrative of the early church's
development from the resurrection of Christ through the first three decades of the Church as the
gospel spread throughout the ancient Mediterranean world until it reached Rome. Addressed to
Theophilus, the same patron as that of the Gospel of Luke, Acts is believed to have been written as a
sequel to the gospel. The book of Acts serves as a bridge between the life of Christ presented in the
gospels with the life of the early church as revealed through the remaining New Testament writings.
Luke records the very beginnings of the church under the Apostles' leadership, specifically with
Peter as the head of the Church in its earliest stage. He records the miracles wrought by the
Apostles, the divine occurrences surrounding the inclusion of the Gentiles into the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A.D. 180), the author of Acts was widely identified as Luke, a Syrian from Antioch, a doctor by
profession who had been a disciple of the Apostles and who had been the companion of Paul until
Paul's martyrdom. He was said to have written the Gospel of Luke along with Acts, and to have died
unmarried in Boeotia in Greece a the age of eighty–four. This traditional view would place the time
of writing within the seventies or eighties of the first century. Modern times have brought many
challenges to the traditional view by numerous biblical scholars. The author cannot be proven
decisively to have been one of Paul's companions who was a physician and therefore must be Luke
the physician. At the same time, the traditional view has yet to be conclusively proven wrong and
many would prefer to believe the tradition of the Church than the hypotheses of individual

Nemesis: Goddess Of Justice And Revenge
Nemesis, goddess of justice and revenge, was born from Nyx to torment mortals. She made sure that
everyone had an equal balance of happiness and sorrow in their lives. This minor goddess is
Appearance
The goddess is usually shown with wings and a double–edged sword. One edge of the sword
represents darkness and the other side represents light. According to Greek mythology, a sword is a
highly respected symbol of power so being killed by one was a highly respected way to die. She is
associated with an apple branch, a wheel, a whip, or scales. Her eyes are covered by a blindfold
which shows her neutrality.
Narcissus
Narcissus, an arrogant son of Cephissus and Liriope, was punished by Nemesis. After rejecting
many of his admirers, one named Echo asked the goddess, Nemesis, to punish him. The goddess
heard her pleas and lured ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her mother, Nyx, was the goddess of the night and her father, Erebus, was the primordial god of
darkness. Some myths believe that her father was either Zeus or Oceanus and her mother was either
Tethys or Dike. Others say that she did not have a father and only had a mother. The revenge
goddess had eighteen godly brothers and sisters. They were Aether and Hemera, Moros, Ker,
Thanatos, Hypnos, Oneiroi, Momus, Oizys, Hesperides, Moirai, Keres, Apate, Philotes, Geras, and
Eris.
Offspring
One myth states that Nemesis unwilling mated with the god of the sky, Zeus. She turned into many
different animals such as a fish in order to escape Zeus. She turned into a goose and Zeus turned
into a swan. He mated with her and laid an egg. The egg hatched into two sets of twins. One set was
Helen of Troy and Clytemnestra, and the other was Castor and Pollux.
Some others says that she wasn't the mother of the two sets of twins. They say that Leda, the
daughter of Thestius, gave birth to them because she unwillingly mated Zeus. Others say that the
egg Nemesis bore was given to Leda by a shepherd.

Research Paper On Greek Theatre
Greek Theatre
In the country of Greece approximately 90 ancient theatres were excivated in Italy,
Cyprus, Asia minor, and Macedonia (S2 Cline). There were two festivals held in Athens they
were called the rural festival and the city Dionysia (S2 Cline). Pergamon was the theatre in
Turkey that held 10,000 people. There were 78 rows of seats in the theatre. They were best
known for the sculpture of Zeus (S2 Cline). My goal of this paper is to tell you all about Greek
theatre and how in came to be through the eyes of many different people.
The theatre in Epidaurus discovered a layer of earth in 1881. The acoustics are
extraordinary and you can hear the performer from 60 feet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Thespis won the first competition in
Athens in 534 B.C. (S2 Cline). A low speaker's platform (Bema) was added to enlarge the stage
in the Dionysos Eleutheresus theatre (S1 Cartwrite). The theatre of Delphi was built in the 4th
century BCE and it was quite small with only 5,000 seats (S1 Cartwrite). The early theatres came
about in the 6th century BCE and were constructed wholly of wood (S1 Cartwrite).
The History of Greek theatre began with festivals honoring their gods. Greek Tragedy
was created in the time of the Athens around 532 BCE when Thespis was the first earliest
recorded actor. Thespian means "performer" in Greek terms (S1 JohnBod). In Greek plays they
worshiped all of their gods I will give some examples of them: zeus, poseidon, hades, and helios

(S1 JohnBod). Women were not permitted to watch the plays at all which was difficult for them
(S2 Cline). The dramatic performances were important to the Athenians (S1 JohnBod). Men used
to perform songs to welcome Dionysus (S1 JohnBod). The History of Greek theatre ended when
Alexander the Great passed away in 356

Phrixus And Helle Research Paper
Once upon a time... all starting in Greece, Phrixus and Helle, the son and daughter of King Athamas,
the king of Boeotia, were to be taken away to Colchis by a golden ram which belonged to Zeus, the
king of the gods. Unfortunately, on the way Helle had fallen into the ocean of Hellespontus and
died. That only left Phrixus who made it to Colchis and was greeted by King Aeetes, who sacrificed
the ram and had the fleece hung. Later he was told by an oracle that if he lost the fleece, he would
lose the his kingdom as well. Being told this, King Aeetes decided to have it guarded by a dragon in
the temple of Ares, the god of war. Generations later, King Aeson of Iolcus, a descendent of Phrixus,
was killed by his brother Pelias so he may have the throne.

Greek Myths : More Than Just Shock And Entertain
Greek myths did more than just shock and entertain. Discuss. A myth is a traditional story,
concerning the early history of people or explaining a natural or social phenomenon; they typically
involve supernatural being or events (Dictionary.com, 2016). Myths certainly had a simple aesthetic
function of entertainment; they were presented through the means of visual and theatrical art
(Cartwright. M, 2012). Myths provided advice on how to lead a good life. Some myths were
purposely composed to be outrageous and wrong because it taught the people what not to do. Myths,
however, were also thought to be a reflection of the Greek's way of thinking; this was depicted
through them portraying their deities as humans, giving them human traits (Vandiver. E, 2000).
Myths explained the environment in which humankind lived in and the natural phenomena they
witnessed (Vandiver. E, 2000). They were also intricately connected to religion in the Greek world
and explained the origin of Gods and where humanity had come from and where humans would go
after death (Mark. J, 2012). Myths provided entertainment and also shocked people into behaving.
Myths were represented in visual art on sculptures, pottery, and even public buildings and were also
prominent in within theatres in plays written by famous playwrights like Sophocles, Euripides and
Aeschylus (Cartwright. M, 2000). Some myths deliberately contained characters or Gods with
undesirable traits. These myths all contained morals that

The Mythology Of Hesiod
Classics 101 Kristen Brenda Walker
Friday 8:40 g15w1964
Due: 18th March 2016 Tutor: Tom Dichmont
Mythology
i. Hesiod was an ancient Greek Poet who is often compared to the poet Homer. It was believed that
Hesiod was a farmer in Boeotia (centre of Greece). He was alive in 700 BC and it is believed that he
composed the Theogony in that time. Theogony is often described as the report done on the origins
of the gods. The Theogony is one of the major records on Greek mythology. His Theogony is
composed of accounts on the origins of the gods as well as the origins of the world. ii. According to
Hesiod, the Greek goddess Aphrodite's name came about because she was born from the genitals cut
off from Ouranos and were thrown into

Poseidon Research Paper
Poseidon was an ancient Greek god whose name either meant lord of the earth or husband of the
earth. It is believed that he was the son of the Titan gods Cronos and Rhea, the brother of Hades and
Zeus as well as the husband of Amphitrite. Different traditions differ in his age compared to Zeus,
some claim he was older while others claim that he was younger. He is famous for hosting a trident.
He was represented by the use of fish. In his depictions, he appeared as an elderly man that had
curly hair and a beard. In most scenarios, he was illustrated alongside the Italian god Neptune. The
reason as to why he was regarded as the oldest son of Zeus is due to his association with Zeus the
chief Olympian god in the periods of the classical mythology. After Cronos sons overthrew him,
Poseidon rose to power and became the ocean's leader having command over the waters. In spite of
the connection he had to the sea, the numerous worship places consecrated to him happened to be
inland mostly in springs, cleft rocks, and pools due to the belief that he was the god of the fresh
water. However, he did not rule the rivers as they were held to control other deities (Hoena, 2004).
It was believed that his abode was in a place on the ocean floor which was characterized by coral
and gems. His beautiful place at the bottom of the sea is believed to be at Egea in Eubea. His ...
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When Neptune associated himself with, Poseidon he became the god of the sea. It is believed that he
controlled all matters pertaining water travel due to the control he had on the fresh and salt water.
There once occurred a festival referred to as Neptunalia that occurred on July 23 which was
believed to be held for the purpose of praying for rainwater in the dry periods. Affirmations of the
worship to Neptune in Rome during 399BC still stands and there is a temple consecrated for him in
the circus Flaminius in Rome (Rachel,

Metamorphoses By Greek Mythology Analysis
Explanation of Characters Mentioned in the Myth *based on Ovid's descriptions in Metamorphoses
**Pýramus and Thísbe are the only characters in the myth, although the tomb of Ninus is mentioned
as well (IV.55–166). All other characters listed are mentioned during the first 50 lines of Book IV,
which lead to the telling of the myth of Pýramus and Thísbe. Gods and goddesses Bácchus – Roman
god of wine, also known by the Greek name Dionýsus. Book III of Metamorphoses includes the
story of the conception of Bácchus by the union of Júpiter and Sémele, the latter being a human
woman. Júpiter – The King of the gods in Roman mythology and the son of Saturn, also ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Book IV of Metamorphoses, Arsippe suggested to her sisters that they tell stories and she is the
first to begin with the myth of Pýramus and Thísbe. Arsippe is turned into a bat by Bácchus.
Leuconoë – Daughter of King MÍnyas , refused to celebrate Bácchus but instead worshiped Minérva
with her sisters. Leuconoë followed Arsippe's account of Pýramus and Thísbe, in Book IV of
Metamorphoses, with the story of Mars and Venus. The second part of the Mars and Venus myth
contains another myth concerning Leucóthoë and Clýtië. Leuconoë is also turned into a bat by
Bácchus. * Important note: Do not confuse Leuconoë (the narrator of the myth) with Leucóthoë
(one of the main characters of the myth). Both are human women with similar spelled names,
however they are two separate

What Are Xerxes Attitudes Towards The Spartans
Primary Source Essay #1
Today when people talk about the Spartans they think about the movie 300 that was created that
shows 300 Spartan warriors facing Xerxes army of 150,000 men. What they do not know are the
actual real accounts that happened during the time of this particular Persian invasion. When
Herodotus wrote the Histories he mentions this battle in great detail. His thirst for knowledge gives
us a better perspective of Spartans and Persians since his writings have lasted since they were
written. In the Histories Herodotus gives pure examples of Xerxes attitudes towards the Greeks
along with his superstitious and tyrannical behavior. Throughout his journey listening to peddlers
and many other scholars like himself he learned of Spartan culture and how they took arms on each
battlefield. After each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Xerxes sent his men through the hidden path around the mountain Leonidas still stood his
ground with his Spartans even though he allowed most of the troops to return home. This shows in
Spartan culture a man would rather die in battle than run and be dishonored. Leonidas was
superstitious about the oracle that determined a king shall fall from Sparta or Sparta itself will be
destroyed. The people of Sparta must have had much intelligence to understand how to create this
choke point of the other army. Many of the different battles even after Thermopylae show that the
Spartans were versatile toward warfare.
Honor is shown throughout this narrative. Demaratus warns Xerxes about facing the Greeks in
battle and talks about the men being free. No matter what number of enemies they face to either
conquer them or die trying. This not only shows how they seek honor but what was valued in their
society. When Xerxes sends heralds to each town for earth and water the perception of this from
each Greek city was that they would become slaves and no longer free

Relief Of Satyrs Essay
Fig. 41. Relief of Satyrs Glyptothek Munich, with two
Satyrs standing between an altar; above them occurs a nymph cortege and a little hekateion. Attica,
2nd century B.C.; heritage of the King Otto of Greece.
In the vast mountainous central area of the Peloponnese of Greece, Pan maintained numerous early
cults located there; specifically existing as a major god. Today, a temple ruins belonging to Pan,
situated on the Neda River gorge in southwestern Peloponnese still endures. In addition, the remains
of small bronze figures of votaries attest to his worshipper's dedication in the region, from as early
as the sixth century B.C. (most likely before); the majority of them are carrying animals, with some
incising devotions to Pan. Reportedly, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The discovery included a tremendous number of objects, from all periods of antiquity. Explicitly,
such things as a rare Neolithic male figurine, Mycenaean shards, bone flutes, iron and bronze rings,
miniature bronze statutes, fifty thousand terracotta figurines from the classical period and twenty–
four thousand "knucklebones" (used for astrology, or prophecy). Generally, the ruins that survive
today date from the extremely intense period of activity at the site during the sixth century B.C.
Apparently due to the magnitude of the gloomy cave, intense lighting becomes

Canis Major Research Paper
Canis Major is my favorite constellation because I love dogs. I have currently have three Labrador
Retrievers. Canis Major means "Greater Dog" in Latin. He is often represented with Canis Minor
(Lesser Dog) and both are following Orion (The Hunter). Canis Major is located in the southern
celestial hemisphere.
Mythologists say that the constellation represents Laelaps, a dog so fast that no prey could outrun it.
This dog had a long list of owners. The most likely version says that he was given by Zeus to
Europa, whose son Minos, gave him to Procris. The dog was given to her along with a javelin that
could never miss.
Cephalus inherited the dog, and took it with him to Thebes, a town in Boeotia, where a fox ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is owned by Artemis, Goddess of the Hunt. Artemis takes him on many, many hunts with her. He
was her most favorite hunting dog. He was always at the head of the pack, always cornered
whatever she was hunting first, and would oftentimes bring down the beast himself. One day, while
Artemis was resting, her handmaidens decided to play a game. They were supposed to be watching
the dogs, especially Canis Major (since he was prone to beginning a hunt on his own), but were lax
in their duties. Canis Major escaped and began chasing a deer. When Artemis awoke, and heard of
her handmaidens failure, she immediately set of to find her most favored dog. When she came upon
him, he was feasting on the deer that he had run down. Now, we all know deer are favored by
Artemis and never hunted, so this angered her. She knew it was not the dogs fault, so instead of
taking his life she told him to run as fast as he could and go as far away as he could. Though this
saddened him, he knew he must follow her orders, so he started running. Canis Major ran so fast
and so far that he ended up in the night sky as the constellation we know today. He now follows a
different hunter, Orion, and has a little brother (Canis Minor) to keep him company on their nightly

Role Of Athens Vs Sparta
n the beginning of this section, the Athenians are made to look better than the Spartans when they
are ready and willing to fight the Persians again while the Spartans remained at home. The
Athenians sent a messenger to the Spartans saying, "You agreed with us to oppose the invader in
Boeotia, but you broke your word and allowed him to invade Attica...However, your immediate duty
is to...put your army in the field," and the Spartans reluctantly and after some time put their army in
the field (556). Later, the Athenians military roles are highlighted when the Megarians were being
pressed by the Persians and needed assistance, "nobody was willing to go except the Athenians"
(562). When decided which troops would get to hold one of the wings, the

How Was The Delian League Successful
Explain how successful the Delian League was.
The Delian League, an alliance of Greek city–states with Athens as the leader, was proven to be
very successful during the Persian Wars.
After Persia endured a conclusive thrashing at Eurymedon (468 BC), numerous individuals upheld
disintegration of the league. Athens, in any case, which had benefitted incredibly from the league,
contended that the threat from Persia was not over. At the point when Naxos endeavored to
withdraw, Athens, taking the administration from the gathering, constrained (c.470 BC) Naxos to
hold dependability. Before long Thasos endeavored a similar move and was in like manner
repressed (463 BC) by the Athenian general Cimon. The Athenians were so effective in their points,

The Roman And Classical Art Of Greek And Roman Art
Greek and Roman art can be classified as classical art. Romans learned sculpture and painting
"largely from the Greeks and helped to transmit Greek art to later ages" (Guisepi). Much of Greek
and Roman art was created to reflect the lives and beliefs of the people of the time. Culture, politics,
and religion, primarily portraying gods, were the main focuses of their art. The figure was a very
important component in Greek and Roman art. Both Greeks and Romans developed very a beautiful
and naturally inspired art form. They were able to achieve a sense of life in their sculptures and
paintings. These artists were able to create a sense of motion or action in their work that was unlike
anything seen prior.
Greek and Roman sculptures were made to show honor to their gods and honor those who have
died. The Classical and Hellenistic periods both show a successful manipulation of materials to
create motion. Stone and bronze were both used by Greeks and Romans to create their sculptures.
Even with these very heavy materials, artists were able to achieve a lightness to their pieces and
allude the viewer to motion. Details are a major way that artists were able to communicate the
motion that they wanted. Body positioning also played a major role. A great example of this is the
sculpture of the Discobolus of Myron. This sculpture was created by a man from Athens but gained
popularity through the copies created by the Romans (Tulika). This sculpture depicts a man ready to
throw a

Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Ancient Greek Mythology
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a mental disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their
own importance and a deep need for admiration. Narcissistic Personality Disorder, also known as
narcissism, dates back to ancient Greece. The term Narcissism comes from an old Greek myth of a
young hunter named Narcissus. He was from the territory of Thespiae in Boeotia who was
renowned for his beauty. He was the son of a river god named Cephissus and a nymph named
Liriope. He was exceptionally proud, in that he disdained those who loved him. One day Narcissus
was walking in the woods when Echo, an Oread, or mountain nymph, saw him, fell deeply in love,
and followed him. Narcissus sensed he was being followed and shouted "Who's there?". Echo

Ancient History Practice Test Essay
Western World I Test One Answer the following as TRUE or FALSE 1. Harshepsut was Egypt's
most famous indigenous woman Pharaoh. True 2. Maat stood for truth and righteousness and
balance. True 3. Osiris and Thanatos were both gods of death in their cultures. False 4. Apsu was the
god of salt water. False 5. Tiamat was destroyed by Anu. False 6. Humankind was created with clay
and the blood of Kingu. True 7. Holofernes was an Aakaadian general. False 8. Hathor's symbol was
a cow. True 9. Zoroastor was the Greek name for Zarathustra. True 10. Ahura Mazda was a Persian
god. True 11. Ziggurats were Mesopotamian cigar smoking houses. False 12. Beer was way to
preserve grain in Mesopotamia. True 13. Sargon the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Isis is often depicted as the mother of Horus, the hawk–headed god of war and protection. Isis is
also known as protector of the dead and goddess of children. She was originally an independent and
popular deity in predynastic times, prior to 3100 BCE, at Sebennytos in the Nile delta. 8. Tyre Tyre
was founded around 2750 BC according to Herodotus and was originally built as a walled city upon
the mainland. Its name appears on monuments as early as 1300 BC. Tyre originally consisted of two
distinct urban centers, Tyre itself, which was on an island just off shore, and the associated
settlement of Ushu on the adjacent mainland. Alexander the Great connected the island to the
mainland coast by constructing a causeway during his siege of the city, demolishing the old city to
reuse its cut stone. 9. Punt (Pwene) The Land of Punt, also called Pwene by the ancient Egyptians,
was an Egyptian trading partner known for producing and exporting gold, aromatic resins, African
blackwood, ebony, ivory, slaves and wild animals, known from ancient Egyptian records of trade
missions to this region. Some biblical scholars have identified it with the biblical land of Put. The
earliest recorded Egyptian expedition to Punt was organized by Pharaoh Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty
(25th century BC) although gold from Punt is recorded as having been in Egypt in the time of king
Khufu of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. 10. Thebes Thebes is a city in Boeotia,

The Peloponnesian War And The Athenian War
The Peloponnesian War, 431–404 B.C., brought an end to the Golden Age of Athens. The
Peloponnesian War was fueled by an intense rivalry between the two city states, Sparta and Athens,
and was comprised of two smaller wars and one isolated expedition of expansion to Sicily. Spartans
historically had always been the political, social and economic RIVALS /adversary of Athens,
opposing their democratic and economic goals. The Spartans were politically apprehensive that
Athenian culture prospered, for they had complete control over the Mediterranean Sea through the
Delian League and were jealous of Athenian economic success. By 431 BC the Peloponnesian
League, led by Sparta and its allies shifted the balance of power. The inevitable encountering clash
with the Delian League, led by Athens and its allies. Even though the Peloponnesian War led to the
demise of Greek civilization, it also lead to the diffusion and eventual social exchange of Athenians'
greatest accomplishments.
The Peloponnesian War was actually made up of the Archidamian War (431–421 B.C.), the Sicilian
Expedition (416–413 B.C.), and finally, the Decelean War, also known as the Ionian War (412–404
B.C.). The Archidamian War, was mainly a conflict between Athens and the northern city–states of
the Peloponnesian League, especially Corinth. During this War, a plague had spread throughout
Athens and killed Pericles, one of Athen 's major generals. Despite his death, Athenians and the
Delian League continued to win

Analysis Of The Athens Strategy In The Peloponnesian War
The Athens Strategy in the Peloponnesian War This essay examines the evolution of the Athens
strategy from the beginning to the end of The Peloponnesian War (431 to 404 BCE). The Strategy
will be evaluated in the context of the relationship of ends, means, and ways by testing the
suitability, acceptability, feasibility, and risk.
Viewed through ends, ways, means, the character of the Athens strategy evolved from the defensive
from the beginning of the war into the offensive during the Sicilian expedition until the end of the
war. Changing the strategy in the war is not unusual because its formulation and implementation are
influenced by many factors from the inner and outer surroundings. As always, when it comes to
changes, the reason ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Military objectives were also unclear. Thucydides' testimony recognizes the intention of helping to
Sicilians cities Egesta and Leontinini and seeking the opportunity to obey Syracuse.
For the realization of the strategy in the first part of the war, Athens used all the available elements
of national power. The Athens's strategy, viewed from today 's standpoint, was based on a
comprehensive approach to the defense of vital national interests. In other words, military assets
were not the only instrument, because the economy played an important role. The economy, in the
context of the Athens strategy, should be viewed in a dual role: as a source of power sufficient to
bear the cost of long–term warfare and as a means of influencing other actors in the environment,
especially Sparta. Sufficient wealth and money enabled Athenians not to defend Aticca and avoid a
direct confrontation with superior Spartan forces. The Athens strategy partly rested on the
calculation that the costs of the war would provoke the rebellion of Spartan 's allies and also make
Sparta give up his intentions. The primary role of their strong Navy was to secure the free trade of
the Athens Empire in order to obtain the necessary wealth for the functioning of the state and the
payment of the costs of war. In an offensive role, the Navy successfully attacked the coastal areas
under the control of Sparta and its

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