The transition to a clean energy future requires
thorough understanding of increasingly complex
interactions between conventional generation, network
equipment, variable renewable generation technologies
(centralised and distributed), and demand response.
Secure and reliable operation under such complex
interactions requires the use of more advanced power
system modelling and simulation tools and techniques.
Conventional tools and techniques are reaching their
limits to support such paradigm shifts.
Electrical power distribution system essentially is the system that receives power from one or more points of power supply and then distributes it over to different electrical equipment individually.
STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF PROTECTION SCHEME OF DIGITAL SUBSTATION USING IEC61850-...IAEME Publication
Substations are a fundamental part in electrical energy transmission and
distribution. The role of a substation is to transfer and transform electrical energy by
stepping up or down the voltage. To do this, high voltage switching equipment and
power transformers are used, in addition to instrument transformers that supply the
status of the primary system to the secondary equipment. Substation Automation
Systems are then used to control, protect and monitor the substations. The IEC 61850
standard developed digital substation with most advanced techniques. The IEC 61850
standard define in its sub- clauses IEC 600448 and IEC 61850-9-2 about digital
interface, digital communication and Sampled Values transmission over an Ethernet
link called Process Bus. Process Bus technology mainly developed in order to reduce
the usage of copper wiring at substation control by introducing IEC 61850-9-2 digital
interface.
What is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management System
What is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management System
Reliability Impacts of Behind the Meter Distributed Energy Resources on Trans...Power System Operation
The increasing amounts of customer-owned Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) limit the control and visibility of local Independent System Operators (ISOs) and utility operators. Most of these resources are non-curtailable and subject to several aggregation guidelines for wholesale participation. These units cannot be decoupled from the Transmission-Distribution (T-D) interface and have a direct impact on the economics and reliability of the grid. This paper reports the results of a study that investigated realistic dispatch conditions from a production and power flow co-simulation environment with increased behind-the-meter DER resources. The objectives of this study include: 1) understanding steady-state and transient voltage response of the system at the local T-D interface, 2) analyzing impacts on switching operations, 3) studying the system-wide frequency response of the Western Interconnection, and 4) examining scenarios that provide insight into the type of control strategies that best benefit local ISO and utility operations from a reliability perspective.
Investigation of the challenges in establishing plug and play low voltage dc ...PromiseBeshel
A research proposal to improve the stability, efficiency, and reliability problems of low voltage DC microgrids from a communication control strategy point of view.
Electrical power distribution system essentially is the system that receives power from one or more points of power supply and then distributes it over to different electrical equipment individually.
STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF PROTECTION SCHEME OF DIGITAL SUBSTATION USING IEC61850-...IAEME Publication
Substations are a fundamental part in electrical energy transmission and
distribution. The role of a substation is to transfer and transform electrical energy by
stepping up or down the voltage. To do this, high voltage switching equipment and
power transformers are used, in addition to instrument transformers that supply the
status of the primary system to the secondary equipment. Substation Automation
Systems are then used to control, protect and monitor the substations. The IEC 61850
standard developed digital substation with most advanced techniques. The IEC 61850
standard define in its sub- clauses IEC 600448 and IEC 61850-9-2 about digital
interface, digital communication and Sampled Values transmission over an Ethernet
link called Process Bus. Process Bus technology mainly developed in order to reduce
the usage of copper wiring at substation control by introducing IEC 61850-9-2 digital
interface.
What is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management System
What is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management SystemWhat is DERMS ? Distributed Energy Resources Management System
Reliability Impacts of Behind the Meter Distributed Energy Resources on Trans...Power System Operation
The increasing amounts of customer-owned Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) limit the control and visibility of local Independent System Operators (ISOs) and utility operators. Most of these resources are non-curtailable and subject to several aggregation guidelines for wholesale participation. These units cannot be decoupled from the Transmission-Distribution (T-D) interface and have a direct impact on the economics and reliability of the grid. This paper reports the results of a study that investigated realistic dispatch conditions from a production and power flow co-simulation environment with increased behind-the-meter DER resources. The objectives of this study include: 1) understanding steady-state and transient voltage response of the system at the local T-D interface, 2) analyzing impacts on switching operations, 3) studying the system-wide frequency response of the Western Interconnection, and 4) examining scenarios that provide insight into the type of control strategies that best benefit local ISO and utility operations from a reliability perspective.
Investigation of the challenges in establishing plug and play low voltage dc ...PromiseBeshel
A research proposal to improve the stability, efficiency, and reliability problems of low voltage DC microgrids from a communication control strategy point of view.
Electricity is the lifeline for any building or business. Electrical power distribution system within a building or facility serves as the central nervous system of a body. Find out, how Current Solutions PC can help you with an efficient safer, and more productive electrical system design. What you electrical engineers need to know about power distribution and more. Slide now to find out the Current Solutions PC difference.
Study on the performance indicators for smart grids: a comprehensive reviewTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a detailed review on performance indicators for smart grid (SG) such as voltage stability enhancement, reliability evaluation, vulnerability assessment, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and communication systems. Smart grids reliability assessment can be performed by analytically or by simulation. Analytical method utilizes the load point assessment techniques, whereas the simulation technique uses the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. The reliability index evaluations will consider the presence or absence of energy storage elements using the simulation technologies such as MCS, and the analytical methods such as systems average interruption frequency index (SAIFI), and other load point indices. This paper also presents the difference between SCADA and substation automation, and the fact that substation automation, though it uses the basic concepts of SCADA, is far more advanced in nature.
Recent Trends InDigital Differential Protection of Power Transformerijiert bestjournal
Digital protection has several advantages over conventional protection scheme. For protecting
costliest and vital equipment such as transformer, digital schemes have been proposed by several authors in recent
past. This paper throws light on all such efforts and it will help researchers to focus on integrated efforts to protect
transformer in a better and efficient way. Artificial intelligence along with signature and pattern recognition
techniques give much more useful information about happenings in and outside of transformer. Efforts are put by
all concerned with fast, accurate, flexible, reliable and easy to understand scheme of protection. With the advent of
soft computing methods condition monitoring with protection has become on line objective. Keeping all these
state of art techniques of protection, this paper will be a useful resource. Discrimination of several faults external
and internal needs digital signal processing and feature extraction as well. Many algorithms are proposed as
summarized in paper.
Electrical power system is like the central nervous system within a facility. It is critical to the successful performance of business technology, equipment and operations in this competitive global economy. Current Solutions PC is one of the most trusted name of electrical engineering services since 1998. Checkout our electrical power engineering services and how we help businesses succeed with efficient electrical solutions.
Predicting Post Outage Transmission Line Flows using Linear Distribution FactorsDr. Amarjeet Singh
In order to design and implement preventive
and remedial actions, a continuous performance of fast
security analysis is imperative amid outages of system
components. Following the contingency of a system
component, State estimation and Load flow techniques
are the two popular techniques used to determine
system state variables leading to estimation of flows,
losses and violations in nodal voltages and transmission
line flows. But the dynamic state and complexity of the
system requires faster means of estimations which can
be achieved by linear distribution factors. The use of
Distribution factors in form of Power Transfer
Distribution Factors (PTDF) and Line Outage
Distribution Factors (LODF) which are transmission
line sensitivities with respect to active power exchanges
between buses and transmission line outages offer an
alternative to these two techniques being linear,
quicker, and non-iterative. Following the estimation of
the linear distribution factors from a reference
operating point (base case) and contingency cases
involving line outage, generator output variation and
outage of a Six bus network using Matlab programs,
the results show that by means of Linear Distribution
factors quick estimates of post outage line flows can be
made which match flow results obtained from DC load
flow analysis.
Increased demands on the nation's electrical power systems and incidences of electricity shortages, power quality problems, rolling blackouts, electricity spiked prices have caused many customers to seek other sources for high-quality and reliable electricity. Distributed Energy Resources (DER) small-scale power generation resources located close to where the electricity is used (e.g., a house or commercial sectors), provide an alternate source of energy. DER is a faster and less expensive option for the construction of large and central power plants and also high-voltage transmission lines. They offer consumers the potential for lower cost, higher service reliability, high power quality, increased energy efficiency, and energy independence. The use of renewable distributed energy generation technologies and "green power" such as wind, photovoltaic, geothermal, biomass, or hydroelectric power can also provide a significant environmental benefit.
Value of Distributed Energy Resources (VDER) PresentationDavid Katz
In support of Reforming the Energy VisionLink opens in new window - close new window to return to this page., the New York State Public Service Commission established a mechanism to transition to a new way to compensate distributed energy resources (DER), like solar power. This mechanism, called the Value of Distributed Energy Resources (VDER), replaces net energy metering (net metering or NEM).
This presentation was presented on February 8. 2018
The Power System Engineering training course will help you to understand the basic concepts of power system engineering and how to start a successful career in power engineering. Furthermore, you will learn the fundamentals of electrical systems, transient and steady state analysis, main components of power systems, electrical machines, high voltage direct current system, active/reactive power control in power systems and power system operation.
Who should attend the TONEX’s Power Systems Engineering training and seminars?
Power System Engineers
Electric Power Utility Engineers
Technicians
Test Engineers
Protection and Control Engineers
Engineers Seeking PDH
Learn about:
Power system planning and advanced applications
Power systems design
Power engineering
System safety engineering
Power Markets, Energy Economics and Strategic Planning
Emerging Generation Technologies
Dynamic/static loads
Synchronous/induction motors
Synchronous/induction generators
Solar generation
Wind generation
Energy storage units
Power factor concept
High voltage direct current system (HVDC)
Multi-terminal HVDC system
Converter circuits
Concept of harmonics and filters
Active power and frequency control
Primary droop control
Reactive power and voltage control
Static VAR compensation
Synchronous condensers
Synchronous Machine Fundamentals
Power System Dynamics
Distribution Systems Planning and Engineering
Substation/Distribution Automation
Smart Grid
Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Systems
Distributed Energy Resources, Microgrids
Grid Resiliency, Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles
Training Outline:
Why Power System Engineering?
Basic Power Systems Engineering Principals
Generation, Transmission and Distribution System Planning
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Transient and Steady State Analysis
Power System Components
Electrical Machines
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission
Control of Active and Reactive Power
Power System Operation
Power System Engineering Applied
Call us today at +1-972-665-9786. Learn more about this course audience, objectives, outlines, seminars, pricing etc. Visit our website link below.
Power system engineering training
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/power-system-engineering-training/
Power System Reliability Assessment in a Complex Restructured Power SystemIJECEIAES
The basic purpose of an electric power system is to supply its consumers with electric energy as parsimoniously as possible and with a sensible degree of continuity and quality. It is expected that the solicitation of power system reliability assessment in bulk power systems will continue to increase in the future especially in the newly deregulated power diligence. This paper presents the research conducted on the three areas of incorporating multi-state generating unit models, evaluating system performance indices and identifying transmission paucities in complex system adequacy assessment. The incentives for electricity market participants to endow in new generation and transmission facilities are highly influenced by the market risk in a complex restructured environment. This paper also presents a procedure to identify transmission deficiencies and remedial modification in the composite generation and transmission system and focused on the application of probabilistic techniques in composite system adequacy assessment
Power System Problems in Teaching Control Theory on Simulinkijctcm
This experiment demonstrates to engineering students that control system and power system theory are not orthogonal, but highly interrelated. It introduces a real-world power system problem to enhance time domain State Space Modelling (SSM) skills of students. It also shows how power quality is affected with real-world scenarios. Power system was modeled in State Space by following its circuit topology in a bottom-up fashion. At two different time instances of the power generator sinusoidal wave, the transmission line was switched on. Fourier transform was used to analyze resulting line currents. It validated the harmonic components, as expected, from power system theory. Students understood the effects of switching transients at various times on supply voltage sinusoid within control theory and learned time domain analysis. They were surveyed to gauge their perception of the project. Results from a before/after assessment analyzed usingT-Tests showed a statistically significant enhanced learning in SSM.
The gravitational search algorithm for incorporating TCSC devices into the sy...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a gravitational search algorithm (GSA) to allocate the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) incorporation with the issue of reactive power management. The aim of using TCSC units in this study is to minimize active and reactive power losses. Reserve beyond the thermal border, enhance the voltage profile and increase transmission-lines flow while continuing the whole generation cost of the system a little increase compared with its single goal base case. The optimal power flow (OPF) described is a consideration for finding the best size and location of the TCSCs devices seeing techno-economic subjects for minimizing fuel cost of generation units and the costs of installing TCSCs devices. The GSA algorithm's high ability in solving the proposed multi-objective problem is tested on two 9 and 30 bus test systems. For each test system, four case studies are considered to represent both normal and emergency operating conditions. The proposed GSA method's simulation results show that GSA offers a practical and robust highquality solution for the problem and improves system performance.
Introduction
Power systems globally are experiencing a transition towards decarbonisation of electricity production through large-scale deployment of renewable energy sources (RES), which are gradually displacing conventional thermal plant. This changing environment is seeing a proliferation of power electronic converters connecting at all voltage levels in power systems, namely RES, FACTS devices, HVDC systems, domestic load, etc. These devices are highly non-linear and emit harmonics at the point of connection, but also modify pre-existing harmonics in the network. In addition, increased installation of HVAC cables is creating system resonances at frequencies close to the characteristic emissions from these non-linear devices. As a result, many power systems are already experiencing an increase in harmonic distortion. Power quality issues associated with harmonics in power systems are becoming more pronounced and are driving a new focus towards the need to undertake detailed analysis at the planning stages in order to ensure adherence to statutory limits.
Reliability Impacts of Behind the Meter Distributed Energy Resources on Trans...Power System Operation
The increasing amounts of customer-owned Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) limit the control and visibility of local Independent System Operators (ISOs) and utility operators. Most of these resources are non-curtailable and subject to several aggregation guidelines for wholesale participation. These units cannot be decoupled from the Transmission-Distribution (T-D) interface and have a direct impact on the economics and reliability of the grid. This paper reports the results of a study that investigated realistic dispatch conditions from a production and power flow co-simulation environment with increased behind-the-meter DER resources. The objectives of this study include: 1) understanding steady-state and transient voltage response of the system at the local T-D interface, 2) analyzing impacts on switching operations, 3) studying the system-wide frequency response of the Western Interconnection, and 4) examining scenarios that provide insight into the type of control strategies that best benefit local ISO and utility operations from a reliability perspective.
Modeling Approaches and Studies of the Impact of Distributed Energy Resources...Power System Operation
New modelling approaches and studies are needed to address the challenges from the deepening penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) on distribution networks insofar as they impact the reliability of the bulk electric system (BES) [1]. Operational challenges on the distribution system can manifest in forms of overvoltage, reverse power flows, difficulties in protection co-ordination etc. Adverse impacts on the BES can be as severe as cascading outages resulting from the simultaneous tripping of large amounts of DER and delayed system recovery due to a lack of voltage and frequency support from DER.
Modeling Approaches and Studies of the Impact of Distributed Energy Resources...Power System Operation
New modelling approaches and studies are needed to address the challenges from the deepening penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) on distribution networks insofar as they impact the reliability of the bulk electric system (BES) [1]. Operational challenges on the distribution system can manifest in forms of overvoltage, reverse power flows, difficulties in protection co-ordination etc. Adverse impacts on the BES can be as severe as cascading outages resulting from the simultaneous tripping of large amounts of DER and delayed system recovery due to a lack of voltage and frequency support from DER.
To meet these challenges two distribution system modelling approaches to study the impact of DER on the BES reliability are presented in this paper – an aggregated modelling approach [2] and a full modelling approach. The aggregated distribution system model comprises an equivalent/aggregate distribution system model (including an aggregate load model and an equivalent feeder segment) and an aggregate dynamic DER model. The aggregated distribution system model is connected to a transmission system model to enable studying the impact of DER on the BES. In the full distribution system modelling approach, on the other hand, the non-aggregated distribution system and individual DER are modelled. Connecting the full distribution system model to a transmission system model on the same simulation platform offers another approach to study the impact of DER on the BES. The transmission and the full distribution system modelling as a whole is referred to as the T&D combined model. The performance of both distribution system modelling approaches is compared and contrasted in BES stability studies. While the aggregated modelling approach provides a simplistic
Electricity is the lifeline for any building or business. Electrical power distribution system within a building or facility serves as the central nervous system of a body. Find out, how Current Solutions PC can help you with an efficient safer, and more productive electrical system design. What you electrical engineers need to know about power distribution and more. Slide now to find out the Current Solutions PC difference.
Study on the performance indicators for smart grids: a comprehensive reviewTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a detailed review on performance indicators for smart grid (SG) such as voltage stability enhancement, reliability evaluation, vulnerability assessment, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and communication systems. Smart grids reliability assessment can be performed by analytically or by simulation. Analytical method utilizes the load point assessment techniques, whereas the simulation technique uses the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. The reliability index evaluations will consider the presence or absence of energy storage elements using the simulation technologies such as MCS, and the analytical methods such as systems average interruption frequency index (SAIFI), and other load point indices. This paper also presents the difference between SCADA and substation automation, and the fact that substation automation, though it uses the basic concepts of SCADA, is far more advanced in nature.
Recent Trends InDigital Differential Protection of Power Transformerijiert bestjournal
Digital protection has several advantages over conventional protection scheme. For protecting
costliest and vital equipment such as transformer, digital schemes have been proposed by several authors in recent
past. This paper throws light on all such efforts and it will help researchers to focus on integrated efforts to protect
transformer in a better and efficient way. Artificial intelligence along with signature and pattern recognition
techniques give much more useful information about happenings in and outside of transformer. Efforts are put by
all concerned with fast, accurate, flexible, reliable and easy to understand scheme of protection. With the advent of
soft computing methods condition monitoring with protection has become on line objective. Keeping all these
state of art techniques of protection, this paper will be a useful resource. Discrimination of several faults external
and internal needs digital signal processing and feature extraction as well. Many algorithms are proposed as
summarized in paper.
Electrical power system is like the central nervous system within a facility. It is critical to the successful performance of business technology, equipment and operations in this competitive global economy. Current Solutions PC is one of the most trusted name of electrical engineering services since 1998. Checkout our electrical power engineering services and how we help businesses succeed with efficient electrical solutions.
Predicting Post Outage Transmission Line Flows using Linear Distribution FactorsDr. Amarjeet Singh
In order to design and implement preventive
and remedial actions, a continuous performance of fast
security analysis is imperative amid outages of system
components. Following the contingency of a system
component, State estimation and Load flow techniques
are the two popular techniques used to determine
system state variables leading to estimation of flows,
losses and violations in nodal voltages and transmission
line flows. But the dynamic state and complexity of the
system requires faster means of estimations which can
be achieved by linear distribution factors. The use of
Distribution factors in form of Power Transfer
Distribution Factors (PTDF) and Line Outage
Distribution Factors (LODF) which are transmission
line sensitivities with respect to active power exchanges
between buses and transmission line outages offer an
alternative to these two techniques being linear,
quicker, and non-iterative. Following the estimation of
the linear distribution factors from a reference
operating point (base case) and contingency cases
involving line outage, generator output variation and
outage of a Six bus network using Matlab programs,
the results show that by means of Linear Distribution
factors quick estimates of post outage line flows can be
made which match flow results obtained from DC load
flow analysis.
Increased demands on the nation's electrical power systems and incidences of electricity shortages, power quality problems, rolling blackouts, electricity spiked prices have caused many customers to seek other sources for high-quality and reliable electricity. Distributed Energy Resources (DER) small-scale power generation resources located close to where the electricity is used (e.g., a house or commercial sectors), provide an alternate source of energy. DER is a faster and less expensive option for the construction of large and central power plants and also high-voltage transmission lines. They offer consumers the potential for lower cost, higher service reliability, high power quality, increased energy efficiency, and energy independence. The use of renewable distributed energy generation technologies and "green power" such as wind, photovoltaic, geothermal, biomass, or hydroelectric power can also provide a significant environmental benefit.
Value of Distributed Energy Resources (VDER) PresentationDavid Katz
In support of Reforming the Energy VisionLink opens in new window - close new window to return to this page., the New York State Public Service Commission established a mechanism to transition to a new way to compensate distributed energy resources (DER), like solar power. This mechanism, called the Value of Distributed Energy Resources (VDER), replaces net energy metering (net metering or NEM).
This presentation was presented on February 8. 2018
The Power System Engineering training course will help you to understand the basic concepts of power system engineering and how to start a successful career in power engineering. Furthermore, you will learn the fundamentals of electrical systems, transient and steady state analysis, main components of power systems, electrical machines, high voltage direct current system, active/reactive power control in power systems and power system operation.
Who should attend the TONEX’s Power Systems Engineering training and seminars?
Power System Engineers
Electric Power Utility Engineers
Technicians
Test Engineers
Protection and Control Engineers
Engineers Seeking PDH
Learn about:
Power system planning and advanced applications
Power systems design
Power engineering
System safety engineering
Power Markets, Energy Economics and Strategic Planning
Emerging Generation Technologies
Dynamic/static loads
Synchronous/induction motors
Synchronous/induction generators
Solar generation
Wind generation
Energy storage units
Power factor concept
High voltage direct current system (HVDC)
Multi-terminal HVDC system
Converter circuits
Concept of harmonics and filters
Active power and frequency control
Primary droop control
Reactive power and voltage control
Static VAR compensation
Synchronous condensers
Synchronous Machine Fundamentals
Power System Dynamics
Distribution Systems Planning and Engineering
Substation/Distribution Automation
Smart Grid
Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Systems
Distributed Energy Resources, Microgrids
Grid Resiliency, Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles
Training Outline:
Why Power System Engineering?
Basic Power Systems Engineering Principals
Generation, Transmission and Distribution System Planning
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Transient and Steady State Analysis
Power System Components
Electrical Machines
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission
Control of Active and Reactive Power
Power System Operation
Power System Engineering Applied
Call us today at +1-972-665-9786. Learn more about this course audience, objectives, outlines, seminars, pricing etc. Visit our website link below.
Power system engineering training
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/power-system-engineering-training/
Power System Reliability Assessment in a Complex Restructured Power SystemIJECEIAES
The basic purpose of an electric power system is to supply its consumers with electric energy as parsimoniously as possible and with a sensible degree of continuity and quality. It is expected that the solicitation of power system reliability assessment in bulk power systems will continue to increase in the future especially in the newly deregulated power diligence. This paper presents the research conducted on the three areas of incorporating multi-state generating unit models, evaluating system performance indices and identifying transmission paucities in complex system adequacy assessment. The incentives for electricity market participants to endow in new generation and transmission facilities are highly influenced by the market risk in a complex restructured environment. This paper also presents a procedure to identify transmission deficiencies and remedial modification in the composite generation and transmission system and focused on the application of probabilistic techniques in composite system adequacy assessment
Power System Problems in Teaching Control Theory on Simulinkijctcm
This experiment demonstrates to engineering students that control system and power system theory are not orthogonal, but highly interrelated. It introduces a real-world power system problem to enhance time domain State Space Modelling (SSM) skills of students. It also shows how power quality is affected with real-world scenarios. Power system was modeled in State Space by following its circuit topology in a bottom-up fashion. At two different time instances of the power generator sinusoidal wave, the transmission line was switched on. Fourier transform was used to analyze resulting line currents. It validated the harmonic components, as expected, from power system theory. Students understood the effects of switching transients at various times on supply voltage sinusoid within control theory and learned time domain analysis. They were surveyed to gauge their perception of the project. Results from a before/after assessment analyzed usingT-Tests showed a statistically significant enhanced learning in SSM.
The gravitational search algorithm for incorporating TCSC devices into the sy...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a gravitational search algorithm (GSA) to allocate the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) incorporation with the issue of reactive power management. The aim of using TCSC units in this study is to minimize active and reactive power losses. Reserve beyond the thermal border, enhance the voltage profile and increase transmission-lines flow while continuing the whole generation cost of the system a little increase compared with its single goal base case. The optimal power flow (OPF) described is a consideration for finding the best size and location of the TCSCs devices seeing techno-economic subjects for minimizing fuel cost of generation units and the costs of installing TCSCs devices. The GSA algorithm's high ability in solving the proposed multi-objective problem is tested on two 9 and 30 bus test systems. For each test system, four case studies are considered to represent both normal and emergency operating conditions. The proposed GSA method's simulation results show that GSA offers a practical and robust highquality solution for the problem and improves system performance.
Introduction
Power systems globally are experiencing a transition towards decarbonisation of electricity production through large-scale deployment of renewable energy sources (RES), which are gradually displacing conventional thermal plant. This changing environment is seeing a proliferation of power electronic converters connecting at all voltage levels in power systems, namely RES, FACTS devices, HVDC systems, domestic load, etc. These devices are highly non-linear and emit harmonics at the point of connection, but also modify pre-existing harmonics in the network. In addition, increased installation of HVAC cables is creating system resonances at frequencies close to the characteristic emissions from these non-linear devices. As a result, many power systems are already experiencing an increase in harmonic distortion. Power quality issues associated with harmonics in power systems are becoming more pronounced and are driving a new focus towards the need to undertake detailed analysis at the planning stages in order to ensure adherence to statutory limits.
Reliability Impacts of Behind the Meter Distributed Energy Resources on Trans...Power System Operation
The increasing amounts of customer-owned Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) limit the control and visibility of local Independent System Operators (ISOs) and utility operators. Most of these resources are non-curtailable and subject to several aggregation guidelines for wholesale participation. These units cannot be decoupled from the Transmission-Distribution (T-D) interface and have a direct impact on the economics and reliability of the grid. This paper reports the results of a study that investigated realistic dispatch conditions from a production and power flow co-simulation environment with increased behind-the-meter DER resources. The objectives of this study include: 1) understanding steady-state and transient voltage response of the system at the local T-D interface, 2) analyzing impacts on switching operations, 3) studying the system-wide frequency response of the Western Interconnection, and 4) examining scenarios that provide insight into the type of control strategies that best benefit local ISO and utility operations from a reliability perspective.
Modeling Approaches and Studies of the Impact of Distributed Energy Resources...Power System Operation
New modelling approaches and studies are needed to address the challenges from the deepening penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) on distribution networks insofar as they impact the reliability of the bulk electric system (BES) [1]. Operational challenges on the distribution system can manifest in forms of overvoltage, reverse power flows, difficulties in protection co-ordination etc. Adverse impacts on the BES can be as severe as cascading outages resulting from the simultaneous tripping of large amounts of DER and delayed system recovery due to a lack of voltage and frequency support from DER.
Modeling Approaches and Studies of the Impact of Distributed Energy Resources...Power System Operation
New modelling approaches and studies are needed to address the challenges from the deepening penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) on distribution networks insofar as they impact the reliability of the bulk electric system (BES) [1]. Operational challenges on the distribution system can manifest in forms of overvoltage, reverse power flows, difficulties in protection co-ordination etc. Adverse impacts on the BES can be as severe as cascading outages resulting from the simultaneous tripping of large amounts of DER and delayed system recovery due to a lack of voltage and frequency support from DER.
To meet these challenges two distribution system modelling approaches to study the impact of DER on the BES reliability are presented in this paper – an aggregated modelling approach [2] and a full modelling approach. The aggregated distribution system model comprises an equivalent/aggregate distribution system model (including an aggregate load model and an equivalent feeder segment) and an aggregate dynamic DER model. The aggregated distribution system model is connected to a transmission system model to enable studying the impact of DER on the BES. In the full distribution system modelling approach, on the other hand, the non-aggregated distribution system and individual DER are modelled. Connecting the full distribution system model to a transmission system model on the same simulation platform offers another approach to study the impact of DER on the BES. The transmission and the full distribution system modelling as a whole is referred to as the T&D combined model. The performance of both distribution system modelling approaches is compared and contrasted in BES stability studies. While the aggregated modelling approach provides a simplistic
Ijeee 28-32-accurate fault location estimation in transmission linesKumar Goud
Accurate Fault Location Estimation in Transmission Lines
B. Narsimha Reddy Dr. P. Chandra Sekar
Sr. Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, TS, India Hyderabad, TS, India
babubnr@gmail.com Pcs_76@rediffmail.com
Abstract: In trendy power transmission systems, the double-circuit line structure is increasingly adopted. However, owing to the mutual coupling between the parallel lines it is quite difficult to style correct fault location algorithms. Moreover, the widely used series compensator and its protecting device introduce harmonics and non-linearity’s to the transmission lines, that create fault location a lot of difficult. To tackle these issues, this thesis is committed to developing advanced fault location strategies for double-circuit and series-compensated transmission lines. Algorithms utilizing thin measurements for pinpointing the situation of short-circuit faults on double-circuit lines square measure planned. By moldering the initial net-work into 3 sequence networks, the bus ohmic resistance matrix for every network with the addition of the citations fault bus may be developed. It’s a perform of the unknown fault location. With the increased bus ohmic resistance matrices the sequence voltage amendment throughout the fault at any bus may be expressed in terms of the corresponding sequence fault current and also the transfer ohmic resistance between the fault bus and the measured bus. Resorting to tape machine the superimposed sequence current at any branch may be expressed with relevancy the pertaining sequence fault current and transfer ohmic resistance terms. Obeying boundary conditions of different fault sorts, four different categories of fault location algorithms utilizing either voltage phasors, or phase voltage magnitudes, or current phasors or section current magnitudes square measure derived. The distinguishing characteristic of the planned methodology is that the information measurements need not stem from the faulted section itself. Quite satisfactory results are obtained victimisation EMTP simulation studies. A fault location rule for series-compensated transmission lines that employs two-terminal asynchronous voltage and current measurements has been implemented. For the distinct cases that the fault happens either on the left or on the right aspect of the series compensator, 2 subroutines square measure developed. In addition, the procedure to spot the proper fault location estimate is represented during this work. Simulation studies disbursed with Matlab Sim Power Systems show that the fault location results square measure terribly correct.
Keywords: Ohmic Resistance, Transmission Lines, PMU, DFR, VCR, EMTP, MOV.
Constant Frequency Operation of a Bulk Power System with Very High Levels of ...Power System Operation
The changing resource mix of the bulk power system has necessitated investigation into viable alternate control
schemes for use during operation of the system. In literature, the major theme of these alternate schemes has however
been on ensuring that inverter based resources conform to the operational norms and limits that are presently
enforced. In this paper, a constant frequency operational scheme previously proposed by the authors has been further developed to ascertain operational constraints.
The paper looks at the applicability of this constant
frequency control paradigm to both inverters behaving as voltage sources and inverters behaving as current sources. Additionally, the impact of this fast control scheme on the rate of change of speed on few remaining synchronous machines has also been investigated. To ensure both short
term and long term power sharing, a modified automatic
generation control scheme has been implemented and its
satisfactory operation has been shown.
The Need for Enhanced Power System Modelling Techniques & Simulation Tools Power System Operation
The Need for Enhanced Power System Modelling Techniques & Simulation Tools The Need for Enhanced Power System Modelling Techniques The Need for Enhanced Power System Modelling Techniques & Simulation Tools The Need for Enhanced Power System Modelling Techniques & Simulation Tools & Simulation Tools
Enhanced Protection Modeling Approach for Power System Transient Stability St...Power System Operation
Accurate protection modelling in power system transient stability studies is required to ensure that reliable conclusions are drawn from such analyses. Typically, protection models available in transient stability programs use only positive sequence quantities such as the positive sequence voltages, currents, etc. to trigger any preventive/corrective actions such as tripping of generators, load-shedding, etc. However, with the increasing penetration of inverter-based resources, these models could prove to be inadequate in some scenarios. The work reported in this paper uses improved modelling practices for protection elements in transient stability studies using sequence/individual phase quantities. This approach does not necessarily require additional data from users and incurs only minimal incremental computational costs. In addition to using the sequence voltages/currents or individual phase voltages/currents for more accurate representation of protection systems, simply monitoring these quantities can also provide useful additional information about the system. Additionally, having access to these quantities could be useful in more accurate modelling of inverter-based resources such as the ability to model converter controls’ protective functions, controls that actively suppress the negative sequence current produced by the inverter, and other such controls that use or control the negative sequence or zero sequence current injections.
Comparison of FACTS Devices for Two Area Power System Stability Enhancement u...IJAPEJOURNAL
Modern Power Transmission networks are becoming increasingly stressed due to growing demand and restrictions on building new lines. Losing stability is one of the major threat of such a stressed system following a disturbance. Flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices are found to be very effective in a transmission network for better utilization of its existing facilities without sacrificing the desired stability margin. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) are the shunt devices of the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) family. When system voltage is low, STATCOM generates reactive power and when system voltage is high it absorbs reactive power whereas the Static Var compensator provides the fast acting dynamic compensation in case of severe faults. In this Paper, the performance of SVC is compared with the performance of STATCOM. Proposed controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results indicate that the STATCOM controller installed with two machine systems provides better damping characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine system installed with SVC. Thus, transient stability enhancement of the two machine system installed with STATCOM is better than that installed with SVC.
People are talking about the smart grid to television commercials on this topic, we have a plethora of activities around the world where engineers, policy makers, entrepreneurs, and businesses have shown a keen interest in various aspects of this technology. There are smart-grid-related funding opportunities, projects, seminars, conferences, and training programs going on in Europe, the United States, Japan, India and China to name a few. With all this hope and expectation about the smart grid, the question needs to be asked— what it will take to make it real. For the smart grid to be practical and beneficial to society, the following are some of the expectation from the civic society.
Real Time Dynamics Monitoring System (RTDMS): Phasor Applications for the Co...Power System Operation
The electric power grid in the US has evolved
from a vertically integrated system to a mixture of
regulated and deregulated competitive market system.
Grid oversight is transitioning from local utilities to an
assortment of transmission companies, regional
Independent System Operators (ISOs) and Regional
Transmission Organizations (RTOs). Regulatory and
economic pressures have caused new transmission
construction to lag the growth in demand. These forces
have increased pressure on electricity markets and
caused operators to maximize the utilization of the
system. The result is an operating environment where
operators are faced with quick changing and previously
unseen power flow patterns and operational conditions
with limited information available for real-time
operation and decision-making. Furthermore, the aging
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SVC PLUS Frequency Stabilizer Frequency and voltage support for dynamic grid...Power System Operation
SVC PLUS
Frequency Stabilizer
Frequency and voltage support for dynamic grid stability
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Power Quality Trends in the Transition to Carbon-Free Electrical Energy SystemPower System Operation
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Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
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and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
The need for enhanced power system modelling techniques and simulation tools
1. P A P E RREFERENCE
54 No. 308 - February 2020 ELECTRA
(OEMs). The use of real-time EMT modelling addresses
some concerns regarding the speed of simulation for
offline EMT studies. However, it is understood that the
required software/hardware are not supported by many
OEMs. The use of hybrid dynamic simulation aiming
to combine the advantages of each of the RMS and
EMT simulations has been recently implemented in
some commercial power system analysis tools. These
include hybrid RMS and offline EMT, or RMS and real-
time EMT simulation.
Modelling tools for planning and
operational studies
Power system simulation models are used in a wide
range of applications including long-term planning,
connection studies, operational planning and real-
time operations. Despite increasing applications of
EMT dynamic models, both the static types and RMS
dynamic models have strong roles in some applications,
and this is unlikely to change in the near future. This
stems from the need for faster speed of simulation for
real-time and near real-time applications, availability of
accurate and adequate data when looking at several
years or decades ahead, or simply the need to conduct
simulation studies in other tools, for example for most
power quality studies.
Model validation
Fundamental to all types of power system modelling
approaches and plant models is model validation.
Gaining confidence in the accuracy of power system
models is paramount as these models are heavily relied
upon for the development and operation of the actual
power system. Model validation provides a measure
of how accurate a given model is for the intended
purpose(s). Different approaches are applied depending
on the stage of connection project, country specific
requirements, and whether the testing is initiated by
the respective OEM or transmission/independent
system operators. These include staged testing on a
complete generating system, e.g. full wind or solar farm,
hardware-in-the-loop simulation of individual plant such
as a wind turbine or solar inverter, or leveraging on
data captured during system disturbances for aspects
of the dynamic model where congruence between
plant and model dynamic responses may be difficult to
The transition to a clean energy future requires
thorough understanding of increasingly complex
interactions between conventional generation, network
equipment, variable renewable generation technologies
(centralised and distributed), and demand response.
Secure and reliable operation under such complex
interactions requires the use of more advanced power
system modelling and simulation tools and techniques.
Conventional tools and techniques are reaching their
limits to support such paradigm shifts.
Emerging types of power system
simulation models
Power system simulation models can be broadly
divided into static and dynamic models. Root mean
square (RMS) dynamic models have been the most
widely used type of dynamic models for assessing most
power system technical performance issues of classical
power systems, from a planning and operations
perspective. These models cannot represent the sub-
cycle phenomena and control systems associated with
the controls of inverter-based resources.
These limitations often manifest themselves when the
phenomenon of interest has a dominant frequency
deviating by more than ± 5 Hz with respect to the
network fundamental frequency, or when the system
strength available to inverter-based resources
approaches close to or drops below their withstand
capability. The latter situation applies even if the
dominant frequency of interest is at or near the network
fundamental frequency.
Electromagnetic transient (EMT) dynamic models
can fully address this limitation, however, inclusion of
significantly higher level of details generally results in a
higher computational burden relative to the RMS dynamic
models limiting their applications Despite this, EMT
models are being increasingly used in some countries for
large-scale stability studies for operating scenarios with a
high penetration of inverter-based resources.
EMT models can be divided into offline and real-time
models. Offline EMT models are being progressively
used by network owners and system operators for large-
scale power system studies and are generally available
from most major Original Equipment Manufacturers
The need for enhanced
power system modelling techniques
and simulation tools
B. Badrzadeh, C4.56 Convenor (AU) and Z. Emin, SC C4 Chair (GB)
2. No. 308 - February 2020 ELECTRA 55
and reliably. There is increasing evidence that EMT
modelling will be required when studying the impact of
inverter-based resources under low system strength
conditions, including scenarios with high share of
inverter-based DER and loads. RMS models of inverter-
based resources may be unable to reliably predict
control instability. Furthermore, control interaction
studies are increasingly becoming a requirement for
connection of inverter-based resources in parts of the
network with low levels of available system strength.
The ability to conduct EMT simulation studies for large-
scale power systems is also becoming a necessity in
some jurisdictions who are implementing ambitious
renewable energy targets. To date, EMT analysis has
not been integrated in any control room environment for
real-time assessments. These types of simulations are
usually significantly more computationally expensive
than RMS models. To address simulation speed issues
associated with EMT models, state-of-the-art solution
techniques are being progressively developed by
software and hardware developers.
Further reading
This Reference Paper is a very short summary of a
longer and wider paper prepared by a small task force
made up of members from SC C4 - System Technical
Performance. This paper provides an overview of
commonly used and emerging power system simulation
tools and techniques and their applications, ranging
from real-time power system operation to long-term
planning.
Readers are encouraged to reach out and read the full
paper in the flagship CIGRE Science & Engineering
Journal’s Volume No 17, February 2020 issue.
demonstrate until a network disturbance occurs, e.g.
fault ride-through function of inverter-based resources.
Distributed energy resources
(DER) and load modelling
As DER levels grow, their behaviour becomes
increasingly significant. The control systems in
inverter-based DER may have settings that cause large
numbers to act in unison, and the possibility of the
mass mis-operation of large numbers of devices during
power system disturbances poses a serious risk to
system security. State-of-the-art RMS dynamic models
of the DER has been recently developed. Activities are
ongoing to validate these aggregate models against
measured system disturbances. Operation under low
system strength conditions with reduced levels of
synchronous generators and increased uptake of the
inverter-based resources, would increase the need for
EMT dynamics models of the DER as well as the large-
scale inverter-based resources.
There has been an increasing trend in deploying
inverter-based loads in the distribution system as well as
the inverter-based DER, both of which share somewhat
similar characteristics and pose similar challenges to
power system planning and operation. The validation
and potential modification of the RMS dynamic load
models, and their adaptation into EMT dynamic models
is therefore expected to become equally important.
Concluding remarks
The transition to a clean energy future will require the
use of more advanced and detailed power system
models and simulation tools in order to ensure the
power system can be planned and operated securely