The document discusses communication skills, outlining the communication process and modes including simplex, duplex, and full-duplex. It also covers essential components for effective communication, types of communication, and barriers to communication such as material, linguistic, cultural, and emotional barriers. The author emphasizes the importance of overcoming these barriers to enhance communication within various contexts.

1. Communication
skills
By Aditi Shah

2. Laxmi Institute of Tech.
Branch : Electronics and
communication.
Topic 1 : Process and Parts
of communication.

3. The communication process
The sender encodes
the message or idea
and the receiver
decodes and acts
upon it. On
successful
communication the
sender receives a
feedback

4. Modes of communication
• 1. Simplex Mode:- In this mode
of communication, only one way
communication is possible.
Example is radio and television
broadcasting. In this mode there
is just one communication
channel. so, we can receive data
on that channel but could not be
able to transmit on same
channel.
postcard

5. 2. Duplex:-
Half-Duplex: In this mode of
communication, two-way
communication is possible but one
at a time. If there is a location A
and B so we can send data from A
to B or from B to A but one at a
time. Example is walkie-talkie or
Push-to-Talk. In this mode there is
also a single communication
channel but it can be used in both
direction for transmission.

6. 3.Full-Duplex: In this mode of
communication, two-way
communication is possible in both
directions simultaneously . It
means data can be sent from A to B
and from B to A at same time.
Example is Telephone/Mobile
Communication. We can listen and
talk at same time on telephone. In
this mode there are two
communication channels one for
each direction of transmission.

7. Essentials for effective
communication
a) Common communication environment
b) Cooperation between receiver and sender
c) Selection of proper channel
d) Correct encoding and decoding
e) Desired response

8. Grapevine communication
This informal network is very active in almost all organizations. In
fact some organizations use it consciously to develop their human
resources and increase their productivity.

9. General and technical
communication
General
communication
 Informal
 Not for specific purpose
and people
 No set of pattern
 Technical words and
graphics are not used
 Contains a general
message
Technical
communication
 Formal in style and
approach
 Always for specific
purpose and people
 Follows a set pattern
 Uses graphics and
technical words
 Contains a technical
message

10. Levels of
communication
1) Extra personal
2) Intrapersonal
3) Interpersonal
4) Organizational
5) Mass
communication

11. Extra-personal Communication
Communication between human beings and non human
entities is extra-personal communication.

12. the animals who live with you are more than
child substitutes, more than "pets" kept for our
amusement or our personal companionship.
All animals are, in fact, sentient beings -
conscious and intelligent, with life purposes
and goals. They are aware of themselves and of
their situations. They are capable of feeling the
entire range of emotions we so arrogantly have
labeled "human". They make life choices. They
often express unconditional love for the
humans who are part of their families.

13. Intra-personal communication
This takes place within the individual. Self-
determination, self-motivating takes place at this level.

14. Inter-personal communication
Communication at this level refers to the sharing of
information among people. It is advantageous because
direct response and feedback is possible.

15. Organizational communication
It is extremely necessary for survival of an organization

16. Mass Communication
For this kind of communication we require a mediator to transmit
information . There are several mass media such as journals, books, TV etc.
This type of communication is persuasive and sender should take utmost
care in encoding the message

17. Barriers to effective communication
1)Material or Physical Barrier: This is the main hurdle or barrier in
effective communication at workplace. This barrier in the company
comprises large working area which is physically estranged from each
other. Other things due to which physical barrier rises may be the
organizational environment or noise coming from back.
2)Linguistic Barrier: Different language and vocabulary is another barrier
in communication. Language is vague in nature and its words are
symbols which hardly represent only one meaning. It is the language
only that plays vital role in every field so it should be kept in mind
that proper language and words are used. In today’s world if you send
your message to another person in his language then it will be more
effective and in this way the communication can be made effectively.

18. 3)Cultural Barrier: This communication barrier arise when two people of
any organization belongs to different culture, place or religion. There are
many other factors of cultural barrier like age, social position, mental
difference or thinking behavior, economic status, political views, values
and rules, ethics or standards, motives and priorities.
4)Emotional barrier:
a)Sudden reactions: Many times while communicating, a listener makes comment
or criticizes the message sender without waiting for the sentence to be completed.
b)Unfair assumptions: Never make wrong assumptions of the message as it
creates great confusion.
c)Being overconfident about self knowledge.
It is important to remove barrier to effective communication in order to streamline
and smoothen the whole process.

19. Presented by: Aditi K. Shah
But this is not the end……… to be continued
with newer section: Types of interviews

20. Preview of types of interview
Termination interview
Information interview
Gestures