The Modern World: Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism & Post-Impressionism ART-6, Q. Bemiller, Norco College Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple (first photograph of a living person in Paris), 1838, daguerreotype 1800-1945 = major changes! • 1785-1813 Power Loom • 1807 Steamboat • 1814 Steam Locomotive • 1826 Photograph • 1837 Telegraph • 1876 Telephone • 1870s-80s Phonograph, Light Bulb, Motion Pictures • 1885 Automobile • 1895 Radio • 1903 Airplane • 1927 Television • 1935 Electric Guitar • 1942 Nuclear Reactor Romanticism • Romanticism was named after the adventurous stories told in the “Romance” languages (Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian.) "Romance languages" originate from Latin, the language spoken in the Western Roman Empire. • Romanticism reacted against the logical, rational and objective truths of Neoclassicism. Instead, Romanticists focused on individual freedom, imagination, emotions, subjective reality, intuition and originality. • Romanticism lasted from about 1800-1890 and led to avant-garde movements in the 20th century. • Artists include Francisco Goya, Caspar David Friedrich, Henry Fuseli, John Constable, J.M.W. Turner, Eugène Delacroix and Théodore Géricault. Francisco Goya, The Third of May, 1808, 1814, oil on canvas Caspar David Friedrich, The Abbey in the Oakwood, 1809- 10; Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, 1818, oil on canvas Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare, 1781 and 1790-91, oil on canvas John Constable, Salisbury Cathedral from the meadows, 1831, oil on canvas J.M.W. Turner, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 1834/35, oil on canvas Sir Charles Barry and Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin, Houses of Parliament, London, a complex of Gothic Revival buildings, 1837–60 Eugène Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830, oil on canvas Théodore Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa, c. 1819 oil on canvas, and study of severed heads, 1818. Realism • “It is not a question, here, of seeking for an 'absolute' of beauty. The artist is neither painting history nor his soul. What is termed 'composition' does not exist for him, and he has not set himself the task of representing some abstract idea or some historical episode. And it is because of this that he should neither be judged as a moralist nor as a literary man. He should be judged simply as a painter.” –Émile Zola, (1840-1902) • The Realism movement rejected both Romanticism and Neoclassicism. They focused on everyday life, the reality of life. For them, art and life were one. • Realist artists dared to make paintings of lower-class people, drawing attention to social inequities. They also showed the animals and workers of the land, reminding the “city folks” where their food came from, and the natural landscape that could be forgotten in the cities. • The Realist artists were perhaps the first “modern” artists. The movement was roughly 1848-1900. Key artists were Gustave Courbet, Édouard.

1. The Modern World:
Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism
& Post-Impressionism
ART-6, Q. Bemiller, Norco College
Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple (first photograph of a
living person in Paris), 1838, daguerreotype
1800-1945 = major changes!
• 1785-1813 Power Loom
• 1807 Steamboat
• 1814 Steam Locomotive
• 1826 Photograph
• 1837 Telegraph
• 1876 Telephone
• 1870s-80s Phonograph, Light Bulb, Motion Pictures
• 1885 Automobile
• 1895 Radio
• 1903 Airplane
• 1927 Television
• 1935 Electric Guitar
• 1942 Nuclear Reactor
Romanticism
• Romanticism was named after the adventurous stories told in

2. the
“Romance” languages (Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and
Romanian.) "Romance languages" originate from Latin, the
language
spoken in the Western Roman Empire.
• Romanticism reacted against the logical, rational and
objective truths
of Neoclassicism. Instead, Romanticists focused on individual
freedom, imagination, emotions, subjective reality, intuition and
originality.
• Romanticism lasted from about 1800-1890 and led to avant-
garde
movements in the 20th century.
• Artists include Francisco Goya, Caspar David Friedrich,
Henry Fuseli,
John Constable, J.M.W. Turner, Eugène Delacroix and Théodore
Géricault.
Francisco Goya, The Third of May, 1808, 1814, oil on
canvas
Caspar David Friedrich, The Abbey in the Oakwood, 1809-
10; Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, 1818, oil on canvas
Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare, 1781 and 1790-91, oil on
canvas

3. John Constable, Salisbury Cathedral from the meadows,
1831, oil on canvas
J.M.W. Turner, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and
Commons, 1834/35, oil on canvas
Sir Charles Barry and Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin,
Houses of Parliament, London, a complex of Gothic Revival
buildings, 1837–60
Eugène Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830,
oil on canvas
Théodore Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa, c. 1819
oil on canvas, and study of severed heads, 1818.
Realism
• “It is not a question, here, of seeking for an 'absolute' of
beauty. The artist is neither
painting history nor his soul. What is termed 'composition' does
not exist for him, and
he has not set himself the task of representing some abstract

4. idea or some historical
episode. And it is because of this that he should neither be
judged as a moralist nor as
a literary man. He should be judged simply as a painter.” –
Émile Zola, (1840-1902)
• The Realism movement rejected both Romanticism and
Neoclassicism. They focused
on everyday life, the reality of life. For them, art and life were
one.
• Realist artists dared to make paintings of lower-class people,
drawing attention to
social inequities. They also showed the animals and workers of
the land, reminding
the “city folks” where their food came from, and the natural
landscape that could be
forgotten in the cities.
• The Realist artists were perhaps the first “modern” artists. The
movement was
roughly 1848-1900. Key artists were Gustave Courbet, Édouard
Manet, Jean-François
Millet, Honoré-Victorin Daumier, Rosa Bonheur, Jean-Baptiste-
Camille Corot, llya
Yefimovich Repin, Winslow Homer and Thomas Eakins.
Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849, oil on
canvas
Jean-François Millet, Gleaners, 1857, oil on canvas

5. Honoré-Victorin Daumier, Rue Transnonain, le 15 Avril
1834, 1834, lithograph
Honoré-Victorin Daumier, The Third Class Carriage,
c.1862–64, oil on canvas
Rosa Bonheur, The Horse Fair, 1853-55, oil on canvas
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Ville-d'Avray, 1870, oil on
canvas
Édouard Manet, Olympia, 1863, oil on canvas
Édouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863, oil on
canvas
llya Yefimovich Repin, Bare Haulers on the Volga, 1870-73,
oil on canvas
Mathew Brady, Civil War period photos, 1861-65

6. Winslow Homer, The Gulf Stream, 1899, oil on canvas
Thomas Eakins, The Agnew Clinic, 1889, oil on canvas
Thomas Eakins, Taking the Count, 1898, oil on canvas (and
sketch)
Impressionism
• Salon des Refusés, (French: Salon of the Refused), art
exhibition held in 1863 in
Paris by command of Napoleon III for those artists whose works
had been
refused by the jury of the official Salon. Many of these
“refused” artists would
become Impressionists.
• Impressionist painters depicted modern scenes of real life.
• Impressionist paintings were often painted in plein air,
outdoors, capturing a
particular moment in time.
• Impressionist painters had tubed paints, foldable easels and
trains to take them
to new locations; they also had a larger variety of colors thanks
to chemistry

7. and manufacturing.
• Impressionism was the first Modern Art movement, whose
avant garde
painters included Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Auguste
Renoir, Edgar Degas,
Berthe Morisot, Mary Cassatt, Alfred Sisley and many more.
The movement
lasted about 1870-1890, but Impressionistic approaches
continue today.
Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise, 1872, oil on canvas
Claude Monet, Rouen Cathedral, 1892-93, oil on canvas
(30+ canvases)
Claude Monet, Haystacks, Sunrise, 1890/91, oil on canvas
Claude Monet, Waterlily Murals, 1915-26, oil on canvas
https://www.musee-orangerie.fr/en/artwork/water-lilies-clouds
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Dance at Le moulin de la Galette,
1876, oil on canvas
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becoming-
modern/avant-garde-france/impressionism/v/renoir-moulin-de-

8. la-galette-1876
Edgar Degas, Little Dancer, Aged Fourteen, 1878-81, Painted
bronze with cotton and silk
on a wooden base; Dancers in the Wings, c.1976-78, Pastel,
gouache, distemper, and "essence" on
paper, mounted on board
Post-Impressionism
• Post-Impressionism grew out of Impressionism, in the sense
that these artists
built upon the use of color and looser brushwork established by
the
Impressionists.
• Post-Impressionism was unlike Impressionism in other
important ways. Post-
Impressionism generally was not concerned with everyday
scenes of life or
capturing “impressions” of leisure activities. Instead, these
artists returned to
some classic themes in art while also expressing their inner
vision and the
structure of painting.
• Post-Impressionism was a movement of various stylistic
approaches, whereas
Impressionism was mostly a unified style.
• Symbolism (Gauguin) and Pointillism, a.k.a. Divisionism
(Seurat/Signac) were
two branches of Post-Impressionism.

9. • Key artists were Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Paul
Cézanne, George Seurat
and others. The movement lasted roughly from 1886-1905.
Paul Gauguin, Vision After the Sermon (Jacob Wrestling
with the Angel), c.1888, oil on canvas
Paul Gauguin, Mahana no atua (Day of God), c.1894, oil on
canvas
Vincent van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889, oil on canvas
Vincent van Gogh, Portrait of a Peasant (Patience Escalier)
1888; Self-Portrait, 1889, oil on canvas
Paul Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire, 1902-04, oil on canvas
https://smarthistory.org/cezanne-mont-sainte-victoire/
Paul Cézanne, Still Life with Cherries and peaches, 1885-87,
oil on canvas

10. George Seurat, Study for "A Sunday on La Grande Jatte",
1884, oil on canvas
George Seurat, "A Sunday on La Grande Jatte", 1884, oil on
canvas (and detail, showing Pointillism technique)
The Modern World:�Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism�&
Post-Impressionism�ART-6, Q. Bemiller, Norco CollegeLouis
Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple (first photograph of a living
person in Paris), 1838, daguerreotype1800-1945 = major
changes!RomanticismFrancisco Goya, The Third of May, 1808,
1814, oil on canvasCaspar David Friedrich, The Abbey in the
Oakwood, 1809-10; Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, 1818, oil
on canvasHenry Fuseli, The Nightmare, 1781 and 1790-91, oil
on canvasJohn Constable, Salisbury Cathedral from the
meadows, 1831, oil on canvasJ.M.W. Turner, The Burning of
the Houses of Lords and Commons, 1834/35, oil on canvasSir
Charles Barry and Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin, Houses of
Parliament, London, a complex of Gothic Revival buildings,
1837–60Eugène Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830,
oil on canvasThéodore Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa, c.
1819 oil on canvas, and study of severed heads,
1818.RealismGustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849, oil on
canvasJean-François Millet, Gleaners, 1857, oil on
canvasHonoré-Victorin Daumier, Rue Transnonain, le 15 Avril
1834, 1834, lithographHonoré-Victorin Daumier, The Third
Class Carriage, c.1862–64, oil on canvasRosa Bonheur, The
Horse Fair, 1853-55, oil on canvasJean-Baptiste-Camille Corot,
Ville-d'Avray, 1870, oil on canvasÉdouard Manet, Olympia,
1863, oil on canvasÉdouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass,
1863, oil on canvasllya Yefimovich Repin, Bare Haulers on the
Volga, 1870-73, oil on canvasMathew Brady, Civil War period
photos, 1861-65Winslow Homer, The Gulf Stream, 1899, oil on
canvasThomas Eakins, The Agnew Clinic, 1889, oil on
canvasThomas Eakins, Taking the Count, 1898, oil on canvas

11. (and sketch)ImpressionismClaude Monet, Impression, Sunrise,
1872, oil on canvasClaude Monet, Rouen Cathedral, 1892-93,
oil on canvas (30+ canvases)Claude Monet, Haystacks, Sunrise,
1890/91, oil on canvasClaude Monet, Waterlily Murals, 1915-
26, oil on canvasPierre-Auguste Renoir, Dance at Le moulin de
la Galette, 1876, oil on canvasEdgar Degas, Little Dancer, Aged
Fourteen, 1878-81, Painted bronze with cotton and silk on a
wooden base; Dancers in the Wings, c.1976-78, Pastel, gouache,
distemper, and "essence" on�paper, mounted on boardPost-
ImpressionismPaul Gauguin, Vision After the Sermon (Jacob
Wrestling with the Angel), c.1888, oil on canvasPaul Gauguin,
Mahana no atua (Day of God), c.1894, oil on canvasVincent van
Gogh, Starry Night, 1889, oil on canvasVincent van Gogh,
Portrait of a Peasant (Patience Escalier) 1888; Self-Portrait,
1889, oil on canvasPaul Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire, 1902-
04, oil on canvasPaul Cézanne, Still Life with Cherries and
peaches, 1885-87, oil on canvasGeorge Seurat, Study for "A
Sunday on La Grande Jatte", 1884, oil on canvasGeorge Seurat,
"A Sunday on La Grande Jatte", 1884, oil on canvas (and detail,
showing Pointillism technique)