The document discusses the emergence and development of modern art movements in Europe from the 1870s. It describes Impressionism starting in France with painters like Manet, Monet, and Renoir capturing modern life with vivid colors and brush strokes. It then discusses Post-Impressionism emerging afterwards, with artists like Cézanne and Van Gogh experimenting with color, form, and perspective to influence 20th century art. Key works by the featured artists are also listed.