2. 1. THE RENAISSANCE
(14th – 16th century)
It was an artistic style that was
born in Italy thanks to the
Humanist spirit, and it will spread
across Europe.
The Renaissance is characterized
by the revival of the classical
Greek and Roman culture.
13. 2. THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS & THE GREAT EXPEDITIONS
At the end of the 15th century, the Catholic Monarchs’ Isabel I of Castilla
and Fernando II of Aragón established an authoritarian monarchy on the
Iberian Peninsula.
La Rendición de Granada - Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz (1882)
14. • They carried out reforms to centralise power.
• The Jews and Muslims were expelled in order to establish religious unity in their domains.
• They unified the Iberian Peninsula after the conquest of Granada, end of the Reconquista.
2.1. The Catholic Monarchs
15. 2.2. The Great Expeditions
In the 15th century, advances in navigation techniques enabled European
explorers to set off on expeditions across the Atlantic Ocean and along the
African coasts. This resulted in the discovery of the Americas and the
establishment of a shipping route around the coast of Africa and Asia.
16.
17. 2.2.1. Pre-Columbian America
When the Europeans arrived in the Americas,
they discovered that their inhabitants, known as
Ameridians, had different cultures:
- Aztecs
- Mayans
- Incas
18. 3. EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II
In the 16th century, the Spanish monarchy became the most powerful in Europe. Carlos V
reigned from 1516 to 1556, and his son Felipe II took over the throne from 1556 to 1598.
19. Both monarchs belonged to Habsburg dynasty. They attempted to exert absolute political
authority over Europe. Objectives:
- To retain their territorial patrimony through numerous wars.
- To defend Catholicism.
