The Middle Ages
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PowerPoint presentation on the Middle Ages and the Black Plague. I created this as an intro to life prior to the Renaissance period.
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- The document discusses major economic, social, and political changes in Europe between 1000-1500 CE, including the rise of cereal agriculture, rise of towns and trade, development of feudalism and manorialism, growth of the Catholic Church and establishment of universities, and the Crusades. Key developments were the growth of agricultural productivity through cerealization, rise of towns and guilds, spread of feudal political structures, founding of universities, and religious Crusades against Muslims and heretics.
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The medieval feudal system involved a pyramid-like hierarchy where the king owned all the land. Lesser lords were granted land holdings in exchange for military service to the king. Peasants lived and worked on manors, providing agricultural labor in exchange for protection. They had a harsh existence, living in poverty with short life expectancies. The feudal system and manor life structured medieval society into classes like nobles, clergy, and peasants who lived according to tradition with the powerful influence of the church.
Life in the Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages, feudalism was the dominant social and economic system. Under feudalism, lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military and other services. This system was characterized by a pyramid structure with peasants at the bottom, vassals in the middle, and lords at the top. Life for peasants during this time was difficult, as they lived in basic homes, had poor diets, and little access to education or opportunities. The feudal system helped provide security and organization during a time of crisis following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, but also led to a rural, hierarchical society with lower classes having few rights.
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The document summarizes important events, people, and developments in Europe during the Late Middle Ages, including:
1) William the Conqueror defeated the Anglo-Saxons in 1066 and became King of England, establishing Norman rule. King Henry II established common law and strengthened the English nation by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine.
2) King John faced rebellion over high taxes and was forced to agree to the Magna Carta, which limited royal power. The Pope placed England under interdict during this time.
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1. During the Early Middle Ages in Europe, the fall of Rome led to a lack of centralized power and the Catholic Church remained one of the only remnants of Rome in the West.
2. Groups like the Vikings invaded and peasants sought protection from warriors, leading to the rise of a warrior aristocracy and eventually kings who developed feudalism.
3. Under feudalism, peasants were bound as serfs to manors, which were largely self-sufficient economic units where peasants had to fulfill obligations to lords in exchange for land.
History Presentation 2
This document summarizes several topics in history from 1700-1830:
- Trade with China involved Europeans trying to expand trade for goods like silk and tea, but China's emperors were not interested due to domestic problems like overpopulation and famine. This led to an illegal opium trade between Europeans and Chinese smugglers.
- The Age of Enlightenment saw the rise of logic and science over religion and superstition. This led to questioning of religious institutions and beliefs.
- In Africa during this period, the slave trade peaked but then declined as countries abolished slavery. Empires like Ashanti and Oyo traded other goods instead of slaves. The Zulu nation expanded through warfare.
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The high middle ages
The document discusses several major turning points in medieval Europe during the High Middle Ages: the Crusades, which ended Western European isolation and led to increased trade; the Magna Carta signed by King John, which established early limitations on royal power; the Hundred Years' War between England and France, which strengthened both monarchies; the Babylonian Captivity and Great Schism, which weakened the Catholic Church's authority; and the Black Death plague, which killed a third of Europe's population and accelerated the decline of feudalism.
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The medieval feudal system involved a pyramid-like hierarchy where the king owned all the land. Lesser lords were granted land holdings in exchange for military service to the king. Peasants lived and worked on manors, providing agricultural labor in exchange for protection. They had a harsh existence, living in poverty with short life expectancies. The feudal system and manor life structured medieval society into classes like nobles, clergy, and peasants who lived according to tradition with the powerful influence of the church.
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During the Middle Ages, feudalism was the dominant social and economic system. Under feudalism, lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military and other services. This system was characterized by a pyramid structure with peasants at the bottom, vassals in the middle, and lords at the top. Life for peasants during this time was difficult, as they lived in basic homes, had poor diets, and little access to education or opportunities. The feudal system helped provide security and organization during a time of crisis following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, but also led to a rural, hierarchical society with lower classes having few rights.
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The document summarizes important events, people, and developments in Europe during the Late Middle Ages, including:
1) William the Conqueror defeated the Anglo-Saxons in 1066 and became King of England, establishing Norman rule. King Henry II established common law and strengthened the English nation by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine.
2) King John faced rebellion over high taxes and was forced to agree to the Magna Carta, which limited royal power. The Pope placed England under interdict during this time.
3) The Crusades were launched by the Pope in the 11th-century to reconquer the Holy Land from Muslim rule. They had both military and religious significance. The Black
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1. During the Early Middle Ages in Europe, the fall of Rome led to a lack of centralized power and the Catholic Church remained one of the only remnants of Rome in the West.
2. Groups like the Vikings invaded and peasants sought protection from warriors, leading to the rise of a warrior aristocracy and eventually kings who developed feudalism.
3. Under feudalism, peasants were bound as serfs to manors, which were largely self-sufficient economic units where peasants had to fulfill obligations to lords in exchange for land.
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This document summarizes several topics in history from 1700-1830:
- Trade with China involved Europeans trying to expand trade for goods like silk and tea, but China's emperors were not interested due to domestic problems like overpopulation and famine. This led to an illegal opium trade between Europeans and Chinese smugglers.
- The Age of Enlightenment saw the rise of logic and science over religion and superstition. This led to questioning of religious institutions and beliefs.
- In Africa during this period, the slave trade peaked but then declined as countries abolished slavery. Empires like Ashanti and Oyo traded other goods instead of slaves. The Zulu nation expanded through warfare.
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The high middle ages
The document discusses several major turning points in medieval Europe during the High Middle Ages: the Crusades, which ended Western European isolation and led to increased trade; the Magna Carta signed by King John, which established early limitations on royal power; the Hundred Years' War between England and France, which strengthened both monarchies; the Babylonian Captivity and Great Schism, which weakened the Catholic Church's authority; and the Black Death plague, which killed a third of Europe's population and accelerated the decline of feudalism.
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Medieval Europe was divided into thousands of feudal territories. The Catholic Church spread Christianity throughout Western Europe and geography influenced settlement patterns and livelihoods. Increased trade led to the growth of towns and cities with the rise of guilds and local governments. Important people included kings, nobles, knights who were vassals, and serfs. Major events included the death of Charlemagne in 814 AD and the loss of unity after his empire was divided.
Early Middle Ages Vocab
This document provides definitions and brief explanations of important terms and people from the Early and High Middle Ages in Europe. Key points include:
- The Middle Ages lasted from around 500-1500 AD, also sometimes called the Dark Ages.
- Monasteries were communities where monks lived separated from society under the leadership of an Abbot to dedicate their lives to God.
- Feudalism developed as a system where lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military service. Peasants or serfs were bound to work the lands.
- The rise of kingdoms like the Franks and Carolingian Empire expanded Christianity and laid the foundations of government in the post-Roman world. Important figures
Feudalism
Feudalism arose in Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. It was a decentralized system where nobles, knights, and clergy ruled over peasants. Feudalism declined by around 1400 AD due to improvements in agriculture that increased food production, the revival of trade and commerce in cities, and the development of banking and universities. These changes weakened the power of feudal lords and marked the shift from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.
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The Early Middle Ages saw the rise of the Franks and Charlemagne's creation of a vast empire in western Europe. The Vikings invaded during this period, raiding monasteries and settlements. The Catholic Church grew tremendously in power and influence, establishing a hierarchy topped by the Pope. Monasticism also expanded as monks founded monasteries to withdraw from the world and dedicate their lives to prayer and work.
Medieval society
Medieval society was divided into three estates: nobility, clergy, and workers. The nobility did not pay taxes and were responsible for defending the population. The clergy's duty was to pray for spiritual salvation and some participated in government. Most workers were peasants who produced food and goods while paying taxes. The feudal system established hierarchies of power and obligations between the king, nobles, and peasants over lands and resources.
Decline of Feudalism Summary
Feudalism developed as a political system based on local control by lords loyal to a monarch. It declined due to interactions with the Muslim world bringing new ideas and institutions to Europe. Key factors in its decline included the Magna Carta limiting monarch power, the Hundred Years War weakening nobility, the Peasants' Revolt increasing commoners' rights, influence from the Crusades and Muslim world, and the Black Plague decreasing population and changing the economy. The combined impact of these political, cultural, and social changes caused feudalism to be replaced with stronger centralized government and monarchy.
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The document summarizes the major groups that invaded and settled in Britain from 600 BC to 1066 AD. It describes the Celts as the first invaders who lived in tribes and clans and introduced agriculture. The Romans conquered Britain in 43 AD. Later invaders included the Angles and Saxons who gave Britain its name, the Vikings who attacked monasteries, and finally the Normans in 1066.
The Rise Of The Middle Ages
The document summarizes the rise of the Middle Ages in Europe from 496-1328 AD. It describes the transition after the fall of Rome including invasions, population shifts to rural areas, and the decline of cities and learning. Germanic kingdoms replaced the Roman provinces and the Catholic Church provided security. The system of feudalism developed with lords granting land to vassals who promised military service in exchange. Manors became the basic economic unit with peasants farming the land. The role and hierarchy of the Catholic Church is also summarized, which filled a need for leadership and wielded significant political and economic power.
2.0 feudalism life before the nation state
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Chapter 1 notes
1) The document provides an overview of life during the Middle Ages in Europe under the feudal system. Peasants lived and worked on manors, while towns offered more freedom but were overcrowded.
2) Events like the Black Death and Hundred Years War weakened the feudal system by reducing populations and increasing taxes. This led peasants to gain more freedom and a market economy to emerge.
3) Attitudes were changing with the growth of towns and trade, as people grew less devoted to religion and more interested in worldly matters. This set the stage for the Renaissance.
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The document provides an overview of the Middle Ages in Europe from the fall of Rome to the Renaissance. It discusses several key aspects:
1. The Middle Ages was marked by the decline of the Roman and Byzantine Empires and the rise of feudalism. Feudalism developed due to a lack of strong central government and rewarded military lords with land in exchange for services.
2. Charlemagne united much of Western Europe under the Carolingian Empire and was crowned emperor by the Pope in 800. His empire did not survive intact but helped establish the Holy Roman Empire.
3. Feudalism structured society into local lords granting land to vassals in exchange for military
Chapter 2 notes
The document discusses how trade expanded in Europe during the Renaissance period. It provides context on the Crusades, which reestablished trade between Europe and the East. The Crusades exposed Europeans to new goods and ideas from Muslim civilizations. This increased demand for Eastern goods and spurred more trade routes. The Italian city-states like Venice, Genoa, and Florence became major trading hubs due to their geography, climate, independent governments, and social structures that supported business and commerce. They competed for control of trade in the Mediterranean.
Cath church
The Catholic Church maintained power in medieval Europe through:
1) Political alliances with powerful rulers and intimidation of commoners with their wealth.
2) Owning one-third of European land and prohibiting clergy from marrying to prevent the inheritance of their lands.
3) Threatening excommunication for those who disobeyed Church teachings and collecting a tithe (10% tax) from members.
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The document outlines the feudal system that developed in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It describes the hierarchical structure with the king at the top granting land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service. Nobles then granted land to knights and protected peasant farmers and serfs who worked the land in exchange for labor and a portion of production. This system addressed the need for local defense and economic stability after the collapse of centralized government authority.
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The document summarizes three major calamities in Europe:
1. The Great Famine of 1315-1317 which began with heavy rain and cool summers that caused crops to rot. People survived by eating roots, bark and their farm animals, leading to long term weakness and 25% death toll.
2. The Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337-1453 over succession of the French throne. English won many battles but grew tired of the war's cost and losses from plague. French peasant Joan of Arc led the French to defeat the English.
3. The Black Death plague of the 14th century which killed millions worldwide and spread quickly in Europe's unsan
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The document summarizes several key aspects of life in medieval Europe during the Middle Ages, including the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of the Byzantine Empire; the development of feudalism and manorialism; the power and influence of the Catholic Church; major events like the Crusades, Black Death, and Hundred Years War; and the introduction of new ideas, technologies, and crops from other parts of the world.
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The document provides an overview of early medieval Europe following the fall of Rome from 500-1000 CE. It discusses several key developments:
1. The early Middle Ages was a period of instability as Germanic tribes expanded and powers like the Caliphate and Byzantines threatened Europe. Monasteries helped spread Christianity and revive learning.
2. Vikings emerged as a formidable military power, using advanced longships to raid across Europe and beyond. They settled in places like Iceland and Greenland.
3. The Franks rose to power in Gaul/France under Clovis and the Carolingian dynasty. Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE.
The middle ages
The Medieval period in Europe began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and lasted until around 1500 AD. This period saw the migration of Germanic tribes into Europe, the rise of the Catholic Church and feudal system of government. Significant events included the Crusades beginning in 1099 to retake the Holy Land from Muslim rule, and the Black Death pandemic in the mid-14th century that killed around one-third of Europe's population. By the end of the Medieval era, the foundations were being laid for the Renaissance and modern Europe through developments in trade, education and culture.
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Medieval Europe was divided into thousands of feudal territories. The Catholic Church spread Christianity throughout Western Europe and geography influenced settlement patterns and livelihoods. Increased trade led to the growth of towns and cities with the rise of guilds and local governments. Important people included kings, nobles, knights who were vassals, and serfs. Major events included the death of Charlemagne in 814 AD and the loss of unity after his empire was divided.
Early Middle Ages Vocab
This document provides definitions and brief explanations of important terms and people from the Early and High Middle Ages in Europe. Key points include:
- The Middle Ages lasted from around 500-1500 AD, also sometimes called the Dark Ages.
- Monasteries were communities where monks lived separated from society under the leadership of an Abbot to dedicate their lives to God.
- Feudalism developed as a system where lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military service. Peasants or serfs were bound to work the lands.
- The rise of kingdoms like the Franks and Carolingian Empire expanded Christianity and laid the foundations of government in the post-Roman world. Important figures
Feudalism
Feudalism arose in Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. It was a decentralized system where nobles, knights, and clergy ruled over peasants. Feudalism declined by around 1400 AD due to improvements in agriculture that increased food production, the revival of trade and commerce in cities, and the development of banking and universities. These changes weakened the power of feudal lords and marked the shift from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.
The Middle Ages
The document provides an overview of life in Europe during the Middle Ages from 1000-1500 AD. It describes the political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of medieval Europe, including the feudal system, manorialism, the Catholic Church, education, architecture, daily life, health, and fashion. Key events mentioned include the Black Death pandemic in the 14th century that killed nearly half of Europe's population.
The history of the world: 9th Grade Edition
This document provides a summary of world history from 3 million BC to 1500 AD in brief sections. It describes early humans migrating out of Africa around 3 million BC with no written language. The Neolithic Revolution beginning around 8000 BC marked the beginning of civilization with agriculture, permanent settlements, and the first forms of writing. River valley civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China emerged around 4000 BC each with their own governments, writing systems, architecture, and religions. Major early societies included the ancient Hebrews, Greeks, Romans, the rise of Islam, classical China and India, feudal Europe during the Middle Ages, and the Aztec and Inca empires in the Americas. The Renaissance and major
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The Early Middle Ages saw the rise of the Franks and Charlemagne's creation of a vast empire in western Europe. The Vikings invaded during this period, raiding monasteries and settlements. The Catholic Church grew tremendously in power and influence, establishing a hierarchy topped by the Pope. Monasticism also expanded as monks founded monasteries to withdraw from the world and dedicate their lives to prayer and work.
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Medieval society was divided into three estates: nobility, clergy, and workers. The nobility did not pay taxes and were responsible for defending the population. The clergy's duty was to pray for spiritual salvation and some participated in government. Most workers were peasants who produced food and goods while paying taxes. The feudal system established hierarchies of power and obligations between the king, nobles, and peasants over lands and resources.
Decline of Feudalism Summary
Feudalism developed as a political system based on local control by lords loyal to a monarch. It declined due to interactions with the Muslim world bringing new ideas and institutions to Europe. Key factors in its decline included the Magna Carta limiting monarch power, the Hundred Years War weakening nobility, the Peasants' Revolt increasing commoners' rights, influence from the Crusades and Muslim world, and the Black Plague decreasing population and changing the economy. The combined impact of these political, cultural, and social changes caused feudalism to be replaced with stronger centralized government and monarchy.
The Birth of the Nation
The document summarizes the major groups that invaded and settled in Britain from 600 BC to 1066 AD. It describes the Celts as the first invaders who lived in tribes and clans and introduced agriculture. The Romans conquered Britain in 43 AD. Later invaders included the Angles and Saxons who gave Britain its name, the Vikings who attacked monasteries, and finally the Normans in 1066.
The Rise Of The Middle Ages
The document summarizes the rise of the Middle Ages in Europe from 496-1328 AD. It describes the transition after the fall of Rome including invasions, population shifts to rural areas, and the decline of cities and learning. Germanic kingdoms replaced the Roman provinces and the Catholic Church provided security. The system of feudalism developed with lords granting land to vassals who promised military service in exchange. Manors became the basic economic unit with peasants farming the land. The role and hierarchy of the Catholic Church is also summarized, which filled a need for leadership and wielded significant political and economic power.
2.0 feudalism life before the nation state
Nationalism is defined as a strong feeling of loyalty or devotion to an ethnic nation based on shared language, culture, and history, or to a civic nation based on shared beliefs and values regardless of ethnicity. There are two types of nationalism - ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism. Before the age of nationalism, people identified themselves based on their family, religion, feudal lord or king rather than as members of a nation.
Chapter 1 notes
1) The document provides an overview of life during the Middle Ages in Europe under the feudal system. Peasants lived and worked on manors, while towns offered more freedom but were overcrowded.
2) Events like the Black Death and Hundred Years War weakened the feudal system by reducing populations and increasing taxes. This led peasants to gain more freedom and a market economy to emerge.
3) Attitudes were changing with the growth of towns and trade, as people grew less devoted to religion and more interested in worldly matters. This set the stage for the Renaissance.
The Middle Ages
The document provides an overview of the Middle Ages in Europe from the fall of Rome to the Renaissance. It discusses several key aspects:
1. The Middle Ages was marked by the decline of the Roman and Byzantine Empires and the rise of feudalism. Feudalism developed due to a lack of strong central government and rewarded military lords with land in exchange for services.
2. Charlemagne united much of Western Europe under the Carolingian Empire and was crowned emperor by the Pope in 800. His empire did not survive intact but helped establish the Holy Roman Empire.
3. Feudalism structured society into local lords granting land to vassals in exchange for military
Chapter 2 notes
The document discusses how trade expanded in Europe during the Renaissance period. It provides context on the Crusades, which reestablished trade between Europe and the East. The Crusades exposed Europeans to new goods and ideas from Muslim civilizations. This increased demand for Eastern goods and spurred more trade routes. The Italian city-states like Venice, Genoa, and Florence became major trading hubs due to their geography, climate, independent governments, and social structures that supported business and commerce. They competed for control of trade in the Mediterranean.
Cath church
The Catholic Church maintained power in medieval Europe through:
1) Political alliances with powerful rulers and intimidation of commoners with their wealth.
2) Owning one-third of European land and prohibiting clergy from marrying to prevent the inheritance of their lands.
3) Threatening excommunication for those who disobeyed Church teachings and collecting a tithe (10% tax) from members.
European feudalism
The document outlines the feudal system that developed in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It describes the hierarchical structure with the king at the top granting land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service. Nobles then granted land to knights and protected peasant farmers and serfs who worked the land in exchange for labor and a portion of production. This system addressed the need for local defense and economic stability after the collapse of centralized government authority.
Ch 5 sec 5
The document summarizes three major calamities in Europe:
1. The Great Famine of 1315-1317 which began with heavy rain and cool summers that caused crops to rot. People survived by eating roots, bark and their farm animals, leading to long term weakness and 25% death toll.
2. The Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337-1453 over succession of the French throne. English won many battles but grew tired of the war's cost and losses from plague. French peasant Joan of Arc led the French to defeat the English.
3. The Black Death plague of the 14th century which killed millions worldwide and spread quickly in Europe's unsan
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2. Vikings emerged as a formidable military power, using advanced longships to raid across Europe and beyond. They settled in places like Iceland and Greenland.
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During the medieval period in Europe, many Germanic tribes established small kingdoms after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Franks, led by Clovis, controlled much of Western Europe by the 5th century. In the 800s, Charlemagne united much of Europe and was crowned emperor by the pope. After his death, invasions by Vikings and Magyars weakened Europe and feudalism emerged, with lords granting land to vassals who provided military service. Society was organized around manors worked by serfs who were tied to the land. The Catholic Church also grew in influence, establishing schools and courts.
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The document provides an overview of the Middle Ages in Europe from the fall of Rome to the Renaissance. It discusses several key aspects:
1. The Middle Ages was marked by the decline of the Roman and Byzantine Empires and the rise of feudalism. Feudalism developed due to a lack of strong central government and rewarded military lords with land in exchange for services.
2. Charlemagne united much of Western Europe under the Carolingian Empire and was crowned emperor by the Pope in 800. His empire did not survive intact but helped establish the Holy Roman Empire.
3. Feudalism structured society into local lords governing fiefs in exchange for vassalage
Medieval feudalism 4
The document summarizes key aspects of life in medieval Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire. It describes the disruption caused by Germanic invasions, including the breakdown of trade and cities, decline of education, and loss of a common language. This led to the rise of feudalism, a political system where nobles granted land to vassals who owed military service in return. Manors formed the basic economic unit, with self-sufficient agriculture and social hierarchies topped by lords and knights. The Catholic Church played a major role, establishing monasteries, schools, and collecting tithes. By the late medieval period, stronger monarchies emerged in England and France, laying the foundations for modern European states.
Teacher Notes MODULE 1.pptx
The document provides an overview of American history from ancient societies in the Americas to European colonization. It is divided into 5 lessons:
1) Societies of the Americas to 1492 - Diverse native cultures developed across North and South America, with some forming complex civilizations and empires.
2) West African Societies Around 1492 - Powerful kingdoms like Songhai, Benin, and Kongo flourished in West Africa and traded extensively prior to European contact.
3) European Societies Around 1492 - Developments in western Europe led to the Age of Exploration, as nations like Portugal and Spain sought new trade routes and wealth overseas.
4) Transatlantic Encounters -
Chapter13
During the European Middle Ages from 500-1200 CE:
- Charlemagne united many of the Germanic kingdoms under his Frankish Empire in the late 8th century.
- The feudal system emerged across Europe, based on a pyramid of land ownership and obligations of vassals to lords.
- The Catholic Church grew enormously in influence and power, establishing canon law and frequently competing for authority with political rulers.
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire reached its height under Augustus, who established the Pax Romana and reorganized the military and government. Subsequent famous emperors included Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. Constantine legalized Christianity in 313 AD and established Constantinople as the new capital. The empire fell due to moral and economic decline, overspending on entertainment and military, and invasions by tribes along the borders when Rome could no longer pay mercenaries.
13.1, 13.2, and 13.4
The document summarizes the key events and developments of the Middle Ages in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It describes how the invasions of Germanic tribes led to the fragmentation of Europe, disruption of trade and decline of cities. Local nobles gained power as central authority weakened, laying the foundations for feudalism. The Catholic Church remained as a stabilizing institution and promoter of literacy. Charlemagne expanded the Frankish Kingdom and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor, though his empire did not long outlive him. Overall, the period was marked by political decentralization, rise of manorialism and growing power of the Church.
Unit 3 feudal europe
The document summarizes key aspects of feudal Europe between the 10th-13th centuries. It describes the rise of the feudal system in response to invasions and the weakening Carolingian Empire. Lords provided land and protection to vassals in exchange for military service. Society was divided into lords, vassals, peasants and clergy. The economy was based around agriculture on manors. The Catholic Church was highly influential and promoted pilgrimages and Crusades. Architecture was primarily religious buildings in the Romanesque style like churches and monasteries made of stone.
AP US History Chapter 1
1. Prior to European contact in the 15th century, the Americas were home to diverse indigenous cultures, but European arrival irrevocably changed these cultures and connected the Americas to global changes.
2. The geography of Europe, Africa, and the Americas impacted how technology developed in each region and drove European exploration across oceans.
3. Multiple social, political, religious, intellectual, and economic factors in 15th-16th century Europe, including developments like the Renaissance, contributed to the Age of Discovery and changing global connections through colonization and slave trade networks.
High Middle Ages
Feudalism established a political and social hierarchy in medieval Europe consisting of three main classes: the clergy who prayed, the nobility who fought, and peasants who worked. Peasants gradually became serfs who were bound to manor lands and owed labor and taxes to lords. The rise of towns and trade in the 11th century led to the growth of a merchant class. New universities and the spread of Christianity through the Crusades transformed Europe.
CHAPTER 7 EARLY MIDDLE AGES IN SOCIAL STUDIES
1. The document discusses the development of medieval civilization in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Germanic kingdoms were established and the Christian Church provided unity.
2. It describes how a feudal system developed in the absence of strong central rulers, with lords granting land to vassals who then owed military service.
3. Key figures like Charlemagne and the Franks expanded their power, with Charlemagne being crowned Holy Roman Emperor, but his empire broke apart after his death. This led to the rise of the feudal system across Europe.
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The Middle Ages
- 1. How many of these pieces can you identify? What time period did Chess come from and why?
- 3. Feudalism • A political and economic system of Europe during the 9th – 15th century based on the holdings of land
- 4. Feudalism 1. King – Considered owner of all the land – Position of king inherited 2. Lords or Barons – Swore loyalty to king – Gained a “fief” – land for military commitment 3. Dukes or Earls – Got land that was divided up by lords or barons – Collected taxes to pay to lord, lord then paid king
- 5. Feudalism 4. Knights – Knights worked for lord and served in exchange for food/ shelter or land – Knights responsible for collecting taxes from peasants and protecting them – Enforced the will of the lord
- 6. Knight Code of Chivalry • Constant belief in the church and obedience to its teachings • Willingness to defend the church • Respect and pity for all women and weak people • Love of country • Refusal to retreat before the enemy • Strict obedience to the feudal lord • Loyalty to truth and to your pledge • Generosity in giving • Championship of the right and the good in every place and at all times against the forces of evil
- 7. Feudalism 5. Peasants – Two types • free peasants and serfs – Serfs tied to land and couldn’t leave – In exchange for using the land for farming and to build a house, had to pay taxes • Taxes taken in food, livestock, or other things of value
- 8. Norsemen (Vikings) • Largest threat during Middles Ages were the Norsemen (Vikings) – Norsemen or North Men had poor land in Scandinavia – Therefore went out pillaging for loot, wealth, and land – Had growing population so needed settlements
- 9. Middle Ages = Growing power of the Catholic Church • Things were bad for people in the middle ages • Thought happiness would come in heaven • Must therefore listen to church • Church becomes very powerful
- 10. The Catholic Church in Middle Ages • Purpose of church – act as a middle man between people and God – Only by listening to church would get you to heaven • Excommunication was used as a main political weapon against people, especially those who questioned the church’s authority
- 11. The Catholic Church in Middle Ages • Most people not educated, except for clergy – Clergy knew Latin which all religious texts were written in – Monopoly of knowledge gave church leg up on everyone else • Church Economic Powerhouse – – – – Received Tithes: 10% of person’s wealth One of the biggest landowners Sold positions and pardons Gave political support in order to lead to economic payback
- 12. Ex. of Church’s Power • The Crusades – Muslims conquered holy sites of Middle East but allowed Christians to worship there – 1071, Turks take Jerusalem and end toleration • Destroy part of Church of Holy Sepulcher
- 13. • 1095, Pope Urban II declares first crusade to help recapture Jerusalem – If you die on crusade, go straight to heaven, all sins erased • 1st crusade successful and retake Jerusalem • 9 crusades in all, not very successful – Significance – increase in knowledge and trade from the east
- 14. Disaster in Middle Ages • The Black Death – Bubonic plague that swept through the world in 1300’s – Plague originated in central Asia and was carried by Mongol traders along silk road – Most devastating in Europe
- 15. How the plague spread??? • Europeans didn’t bathe during middle ages • Most clothes made of wool, person only had one or two pairs = not clean • People were generally flea and lice ridden, dirt found everywhere • Animals often lived in houses
- 16. How the plague spread???
- 17. Symptoms and death • Formed large swollen sores in groin, armpits, neck that would ooze • Would get dark blotches all over body as tissue under skin broke down • Would get bad headaches, high fevers, aches • Died under a week of getting it • Killed so many that had body pickups • “X” painted on door if infected • Killed approx. 1/3 European population
- 18. Black Death’s Effects on Europe • Alienation from the church – Either believed church did not do enough to help – Common belief was that the plague was sent to punish people for sins – Persecution of Jews and other groups • Jews generally cleaner than most Euros due to cleanliness laws, therefore less died
- 19. Class Analysis th 14 How did people in the century make sense of the Black Death?