PowerPoint on Middle Ages

1. The Rise of the Middle Ages Chapter 13 496-1328 AD

2. Time of Transition 400s to 1500s time of transition in Europe End of the classical age and beginning of Modern Europe Repeated invasion caused 4 major shift in societies Disruption of trade Destroy economy Money scarce Downfall of cities Cities abandoned Population shift Move away from cities to rural Decline of learning Germanic tribes could not read Greek/ Roman culture almost lost

3. Germanic Kingdoms Kingdoms replaced roman provinces Kings and boarders will change with war One constant Church Provides security and order Lived in small communities Personal ties unit Lived by tradition Not written laws Warriors loyal to lord Relationship develops Lord gives food, weapons, and treasure Warrior fight

4. Clovis Became known as the Merovingians Will adopt the Christian religion Why: asked God for help in battle and won Unites the Franks into one Kingdom

5. Emergence of Carolingian Dynasty Charles Martel Pepin the Short King of the Franks but in name Had control of royal household and led army Won the Battle of Tours 732 Fended off the Muslims from western Europe Hero of Christianity Claimed legitimacy of throne through the pope’s confirmation All European rulers will believe in pope’s blessing WhY: blessing came directly from God

6. Charlemagne Will build the “new Rome” Will help spread the teachings of Christian beliefs Civilized and brought order to “now” France and Germany First powerful king in western Europe

7. Charlemagne Unite Western Europe for the 1st time since Rome Pope confirms his Roman Emperor Signals the joining of Germanic power, the church, and heritage of Roman Empire

8. Accomplishments Encourages learning Opens palace schools Monasteries will open schools to train monks and priest

9. Map of Charlemagne's empire

10. Decline of Frankish Rule Son, Lois the Pious, was a weak ruler When Louis dies his sons divide the empire at the Treaty of Verdun Fought against themselves

11. Invasion of Europe 700

12. Vikings Were the most feared Germanic people Worshiped pagan Gods Lived in Norway, Sweden ,and Denmark Raided and looted settlements Know for their seamanship

13. Invasion Magyars Muslim From present day Hungary Attacked from the east Superb horseman They took captives not the land Why: sold into slavery Attacked from the south Where: Italy and Spain Were expert seaman Wanted to conquer at first but turned to plunder

14. Results Caused widespread disorder Kings could not defend their land or people People did not look to central ruler, but local ruler for protection

15. Start of Feudalism After Charlemagne’s death large scale gov’t will disappear Why: overrun by invaders Relationship and obligations will develop between nobles and lesser nobles Feudalism Feudalism will shape the political and social development in Europe Starts division of people, power, money, and land

16. The System – Lord Powerful lord will grant land to lesser nobles and protection Ownership belongs still to the lord- rents Lesser noble promises loyalty, military service and other services

17. Vassal Person who received the grant of land WHO: everyone under the lord BUT lord could be vassal to King Vassal could divide the fief and become a lord

18. Feudal Obligations

19. Manor System Shape the economy of Europe Everyone interdependent upon each other Self-sufficient Lord will keep 1/3 of the land Peasants farmed the remaining 2/3 Peasants worked the land for the lord Peasants were serfs Peasants worked lived and died on the manor Self-sufficient community

20. Medieval Manor

21. People of the Manor Knights were son’s of nobles Sent to a lord’s house at 7 to be a Paige Serve food, read and write At 13 he would become a squire Knight in training called squire Ride horses and handle weapons 16-20 a ceremony would be held to induct a new knight

23. Owed 40 days during peace timeTournaments were held to keep knights in shape during times of peace Coats of arms were used to show who they were and what family from

24. Age of Chivalry With the medieval knight evolved a code of conduct known as chivalry Emphasized courage, loyalty to one’s superior, and devotion to military duty Christian knights swore to defend the faith against enemies Muslims Moors Courtesy towards women and protection of the defenseless.

25. Technology One of the technological advances during the Middle Ages was the heavy plow pulled by a large team of oxen. Horse will replace the oxen Why: faster Agricultural engine which substituted human power for animal to save energy and time. Effects: Productivity will be increased More a variety of crops could be planted.

26. Justice Three main types of justice Compurgation Trial based on the 12 defendants telling the truth about the accused Not based on facts Belief the accused is telling the truth Character trial Trial by Ordeal Carry a piece of hot iron Plunged hand into boiling water or cold water How quickly you healed determined innocents and guilt

27. Trial by Battle Battle between the accused and accuser OR send a representative Duel to determine innocence or guilt Who lived innocence Died or mortally wounded guilty 7 offenses that would warrant this trial Treason Heresy Murder rape

29. People of the Church Parish Priest Lowest rank of the church In charge of religious instruction Administered 5 out of 7 sacraments Baptism Holy Communion Marriage Penance Anointing of the sick and dying Bishop Managed a group of parishes called diocese Selection of bishops were controlled by nobles Lay investiture Administers the last two sacraments Confirmation Holy orders

30. Highest levels of church Archbishop Managed the bishops Cardinals Advisors to the Pope “Princes of the Church” Pope Head of church Sets policy and doctrine

31. Church political role Own code of law and its own courts Cannon law Held power over kings and nobles HoW: afraid of being excommunicated Cut off from the church and do not receive the sacraments King excommunicate freed vassals from service Toeing the Line Interdict an area Would not perform the sacraments Declare someone a heretic Someone who does not follow or believe in the church’s views People followed church doctrine to get into heaven

32. Church economic role Power to tax Tithe- 1/10 of a persons income Large income from its land Granted fiefs to peasants 1200 wealthiest institution in Europe

33. Church Social role Helped take care of the poor and needy Did not allow divorce Established hospitals Frequent holiday- days off from labor April Fools Day May Day

34. Showdown Popes and Kings bickering over appointments over bishops Compromised at Concordat of Worms Pope appointed bishop but king could veto