The document discusses the scientific method and key concepts in science. It explains that science uses observation, experimentation, and modeling to study the natural world. The scientific method involves stating a problem, gathering information, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through experiments with variables, analyzing the data, and forming a conclusion. It also discusses standards of measurement, the International System of Units (SI), and ways to communicate data through graphs.

1. The Methods of Science Science: method for studying the natural world Life, Earth, Physical science Explains the natural world Scientists learn by investigation  observation, experimentation, or modeling

2. Scientific Method State a problem Gather information Form a hypothesis A possible explanation Test the hypothesis

3. Testing a Hypothesis Experiments with variables Dependant variable changes values as other variables change Independent variable is changed to determine how it will affect the dependent variable A variable that does not change when other variables change is a constant A control is the standard to which test results are compared

4. Analyze data from experiment or investigation Form a conclusion based on the data Reduce bias by keeping accurate records Repeating the experiment Using data that is measurable

5. Standards of Measurement Standard Exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison Measurements must be taken carefully Precise: how closely measurements are to each other Accurate: how closely measurement is to real or accepted value

6. International System of Units: SI Based on the metric system  multiples of 10 Used by scientists worldwide

7. Distance Measure distance between 2 points SI unit of measure is the Meter: about a baseball bat in length Volume Amount of space occupied by an object 1 L= 1 dm 3 = 10 cm 3 = 1000 ml

8. Mass A measurement of the quantity of matter in an object Density is a combination of units  derived unit Mass/volume Aluminum vs. iron

9. Time Interval between 2 events SI unit  seconds Temperature Measure of how hot or cold something is SI unit is Kelvin  K 0 K is the coldest possible temperature -273 ºC = 0 K

10. Communicating with Graphs Visual display of information or data Used to detect patterns Line graph Shows a relationship where the dependent variable changes due to a change in the independent variable x axis = independent variable y axis = dependent variable

11. Bar graph compares information collected by counting Each bar represents a quantity counted at a particular time Circle graph shows how a whole is broken into parts The parts represent percentages of the whole