This document discusses how radio audiences have evolved over time from invisible listeners to visible, networked publics due to new technologies like social media. It outlines Walter Benjamin's vision of radio as a more participatory medium that reduces distance between broadcasters and listeners. The emergence of social networks has actualized this vision by making listeners visible and their opinions measurable. It has also changed relationships between broadcasters and listeners from hierarchical to more peer-to-peer by allowing two-way communication and connection on and off air. Listeners can now also connect with each other through supporting a radio program's social media presence.
The Listener as Producer - Radio and its public in the age of social networksTiziano Bonini
This document discusses the changing relationship between radio and its public over four stages as new communication technologies emerged:
1) 1920-1945: Radio was an invisible medium with an invisible public. It was a one-way communication from producer to passive listeners.
2) 1945-1994: The introduction of the telephone made listeners audible through call-ins, but they remained private figures.
3) 1994-2004: SMS, email and the internet made listeners both audible and readable, allowing them to publicly express opinions.
4) 2004-present: Social media has made radio a visible medium and listeners a visible, networked public that can cooperatively produce content and publicly interact with each other and radio producers
Mobile Phones and Interactive Music Systems: History and ForecastNathanBowen8
This is a presentation of my dissertation work to faculty and students at UC-Irvine's ICIT program. Here I discuss the use of mobile phones in musical contexts. The main thrust is the transition of making music with phones prior to the 'smartphone' era, and then exploring current possibilities and practices with mobile music apps. Presented January 28, 2014.
4Quarters: real-time collaborative music environment for mobile phonesNathanBowen8
Presentation of Nathan Bowen's dissertation work at Cal Arts, April 11, 2013. This includes a history of mobile phone music, networked, music, and other contexts leading to the development of "4Quarters"
This document discusses the "Popolo viola" (purple people) movement in Italy that emerged in opposition to Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. It summarizes the brief history and media ecology of the movement, including how it was represented in mainstream newspapers and on Facebook. The document proposes a model called P.A.S.I. (Political-Activism/Shaped-Information) to analyze the affiliation, organization, action, and representation of new forms of political movements on social media like those exhibited by the Popolo viola on Facebook. Future work is suggested to test this model on other political movements.
This document discusses various visual concepts including relationships between objects, elements of the visual environment, the communication process, different types of media, speech bubbles and their effects, logos and what they transmit, images out of context, and shots in comics. It provides examples of proximity and continuity as relationships between objects. Visual contamination is given as an example in the public environment. Graphic and visual media, audio-visual media, and sound media are defined with one characteristic of each. Different shaped speech bubbles are shown with the words "Where are you going?" to demonstrate varying effects. The Nike logo is said to transmit the idea that thinking is okay. Shots in comics like close up, medium, and long shots are identified.
Brecht Radio Theory revisited An imaginary Brechtian road map for a 2.0 ver...Tiziano Bonini
The document discusses adapting cultural radio for new technologies and platforms in a Brechtian framework. It proposes:
1) Multiplying radio contents by carving different niches and repurposing public radio's unique contents across formats and platforms.
2) Adapting to changing listening habits by empowering podcasting, mobile radio, and radio websites.
3) Multiplying interaction forms by empowering social networks, SMS interaction, and comments on cultural radio websites.
The conclusion argues that cultural radio must hybridize with new media to reach tomorrow's internet-native audiences, and that technology should serve enriching radio's potential to make listeners feel "at home."
Radio can be adapted to serve local communities in three main ways:
1) It allows for voice-based communication that can reach a wide audience regardless of age, literacy level, or language spoken.
2) When used on a small, local scale it has very little upfront cost and technical requirements, making it accessible to create localized content.
3) Radio content is not passive as with large commercial stations - local radio allows for interaction through call-in shows and posting content online, giving underserved groups a platform.
The Listener as Producer - Radio and its public in the age of social networksTiziano Bonini
This document discusses the changing relationship between radio and its public over four stages as new communication technologies emerged:
1) 1920-1945: Radio was an invisible medium with an invisible public. It was a one-way communication from producer to passive listeners.
2) 1945-1994: The introduction of the telephone made listeners audible through call-ins, but they remained private figures.
3) 1994-2004: SMS, email and the internet made listeners both audible and readable, allowing them to publicly express opinions.
4) 2004-present: Social media has made radio a visible medium and listeners a visible, networked public that can cooperatively produce content and publicly interact with each other and radio producers
Mobile Phones and Interactive Music Systems: History and ForecastNathanBowen8
This is a presentation of my dissertation work to faculty and students at UC-Irvine's ICIT program. Here I discuss the use of mobile phones in musical contexts. The main thrust is the transition of making music with phones prior to the 'smartphone' era, and then exploring current possibilities and practices with mobile music apps. Presented January 28, 2014.
4Quarters: real-time collaborative music environment for mobile phonesNathanBowen8
Presentation of Nathan Bowen's dissertation work at Cal Arts, April 11, 2013. This includes a history of mobile phone music, networked, music, and other contexts leading to the development of "4Quarters"
This document discusses the "Popolo viola" (purple people) movement in Italy that emerged in opposition to Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. It summarizes the brief history and media ecology of the movement, including how it was represented in mainstream newspapers and on Facebook. The document proposes a model called P.A.S.I. (Political-Activism/Shaped-Information) to analyze the affiliation, organization, action, and representation of new forms of political movements on social media like those exhibited by the Popolo viola on Facebook. Future work is suggested to test this model on other political movements.
This document discusses various visual concepts including relationships between objects, elements of the visual environment, the communication process, different types of media, speech bubbles and their effects, logos and what they transmit, images out of context, and shots in comics. It provides examples of proximity and continuity as relationships between objects. Visual contamination is given as an example in the public environment. Graphic and visual media, audio-visual media, and sound media are defined with one characteristic of each. Different shaped speech bubbles are shown with the words "Where are you going?" to demonstrate varying effects. The Nike logo is said to transmit the idea that thinking is okay. Shots in comics like close up, medium, and long shots are identified.
Brecht Radio Theory revisited An imaginary Brechtian road map for a 2.0 ver...Tiziano Bonini
The document discusses adapting cultural radio for new technologies and platforms in a Brechtian framework. It proposes:
1) Multiplying radio contents by carving different niches and repurposing public radio's unique contents across formats and platforms.
2) Adapting to changing listening habits by empowering podcasting, mobile radio, and radio websites.
3) Multiplying interaction forms by empowering social networks, SMS interaction, and comments on cultural radio websites.
The conclusion argues that cultural radio must hybridize with new media to reach tomorrow's internet-native audiences, and that technology should serve enriching radio's potential to make listeners feel "at home."
Radio can be adapted to serve local communities in three main ways:
1) It allows for voice-based communication that can reach a wide audience regardless of age, literacy level, or language spoken.
2) When used on a small, local scale it has very little upfront cost and technical requirements, making it accessible to create localized content.
3) Radio content is not passive as with large commercial stations - local radio allows for interaction through call-in shows and posting content online, giving underserved groups a platform.
Public isn’t what it used to be: From Time to ReputationTiziano Bonini
The document discusses how the integration of social media with radio is changing the nature of radio audiences and publics. It notes four key ways this is different from traditional radio: 1) persistence, as feedback online is archived permanently, 2) replicability as content is easily shared, 3) scalability as visibility can be much wider, and 4) searchability as content is easily found online. This integration makes audiences visible and measurable rather than private. It also makes the relationship between listeners and radio stations less hierarchical and more peer-to-peer. Listeners can now connect with each other, changing the nature of radio publics. The value of audiences is shifting from attention time to social networks and reputation.
"Radio Activity" - Theoretical perspectives on the Interplay of Radio, Parti...Nele Heise
This document discusses theoretical perspectives on the interplay between radio, participatory practices, and technology. It addresses the active audience and how participatory culture has risen with new interactive and social media technologies. This shifting allows production roles and infrastructure to be examined. The document also discusses how radio can be considered a participatory medium through various forms of listener involvement. It notes the historical dimension of making active radio audiences. Today, radio and audio are diversified through new formats, distribution channels, and personal media like podcasts. Case studies of podcasting, engaged listeners, and amateur radio are proposed to empirically examine different participatory practices facilitated by various technological arrangements.
This document discusses a research project focused on sound in public spaces. It examines how headphones are used to create acoustic privacy in public and how this affects social interactions. The project includes creating "Mobile Privacy Units" which are decorated headphones meant to express messages around acoustic privacy. It also involves measuring and drawing ambient sounds in various public locations in Melbourne. The goal is to better understand the relationship between private and public sound and how headphones are changing public spaces.
Approximately 1000 words.Synthesizing the theories (you do not.docxYASHU40
Approximately 1000 words.
Synthesizing the theories (you do not need to draw from ALL the theories/readings), use at least three readings to develop your own view that describes and understands the relationship between technology and society. In developing your view, take the most important and persuasive parts of the existing theories and explain them. In the end, be sure to clearly articulate and define the relationship between technology and society: which has more power or control? How do they relate to one another?
Journal of Communication ISSN 0021-9916
O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E
The Social Life of Wireless Urban Spaces:
Internet Use, Social Networks, and the Public
Realm
Keith N. Hampton, Oren Livio, & Lauren Sessions Goulet
Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
This study explores the role of urban public spaces for democratic and social engagement.
It examines the impact of wireless Internet use on urban public spaces, Internet users, and
others who inhabit these spaces. Through observations of 7 parks, plazas, and markets in 4
North American cities, and surveys of wireless Internet users in those sites, we explore how
this new technology is related to processes of social interaction, privatism, and democratic
engagement. Findings reveal that Internet use within public spaces affords interactions with
existing acquaintances that are more diverse than those associated with mobile phone use.
However, the level of colocated social diversity to which Internet users are exposed is less
than that of most users of these spaces. Yet, online activities in public spaces do contribute
to broader participation in the public sphere. Internet connectivity within public spaces
may contribute to higher overall levels of democratic and social engagement than what is
afforded by exposure within similar spaces free of Internet connectivity.
doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01510.x
Internet access in public parks, plazas, markets, and streets has been made possible
through the proliferation of broadband wireless Internet in the form of municipal
and community wi-fi (e.g., NYC Wireless) and advanced mobile phone networks
(e.g., 3G). The experience of wireless Internet use in the public realm contrasts with
traditional wired Internet use, which is confined primarily to the private realm of the
home and the parochial realm of the workplace. An extensive literature has addressed
the influence of Internet use on the composition of people’s social networks
(Hampton, Sessions, & Her, in press), their engagement in political, voluntary, and
other organizational activities (Boulianne, 2009), and their interactions within home
and workplaces (Bakardjieva, 2005; Quan-Haase & Wellman, 2006). But, Internet
use in the public realm has remained relatively unexplored. This type of use carries
with it significant implications for urban planning, the structure of community, and
the nature of democracy.
Inte.
1. The document discusses different types of media including print media (books, newspapers, magazines), broadcast media (television and radio), movies, the internet, and video games.
2. It provides details on each type of media such as how print media refers to physically distributed written materials, how broadcast media allows watching events through television and listening to audio through radio, and how movies and the internet have evolved to be accessible in various formats.
3. The document also discusses media convergence as the ability to access different types of media across various platforms through digital code, and how this has expanded audiences' media choices and made certain technologies easier to use.
Radio can be used as a social media platform that is localized and accessible. It allows for sharing of voices and experiences across barriers of age, literacy, and language. While commercial radio often appeals to broad audiences, radio also enables underrepresented groups to have a voice. Radio has advantages of being familiar, using voice which is innate to humans, and allowing for interaction. It also has drawbacks of limited accessibility in some areas and requiring more initial investment than other platforms.
The humanities through the artstenth editionlee a. jacobus rock73
This document summarizes three potential English research topics:
1) Language and advertising - How language is used in advertising and its effects, with a focus on offensive language and grammar. Participants would include media personnel and advertising viewers.
2) Language and community - How language builds and defines communities, and how it can be used to create issues. Participants would provide perspectives on language importance.
3) Language and cultural identity - How language identifies cultures and causes misunderstandings between cultures with similar words. Participants would identify their own cultures based on language.
The document recommends further research on the topic of language and culture.
This document summarizes a case study on using a mobile app to engage young people with classical music audiences. Focus groups with 18-25 year olds provided feedback on the proposed app from the London Symphony Orchestra. While the app could help with ticket sales, participants felt it would do little to expand the traditional, aging audience demographic. Barriers included that classical music requires more intellectual investment than pop music. The digital also has limits in translating the live experience. Networks can reinforce social structures through inaction and exclusion. Culture enables both connection and disconnection with technology.
This document discusses various approaches to visual ethnography research including participatory research, public ethnography, and visual activism. It notes that visual representation is embedded in human societies and that visual methods can complement verbal and textual communication. Visual records also provide a rich source of data and can capture data not recordable in other forms. The document discusses how participatory research involves participants in analysis and dissemination. Public ethnography aims to make sociology more useful by focusing on topics relevant to the public. Visual activism uses visual construction, dissemination, and sustainability to facilitate personal change, encourage community debate, and support development.
To Govern Artfully. Linking contemporary public art to political participationLaura Iannelli
This document summarizes research on participatory public art and urban governance. The research involved interviewing 10 artists and analyzing 85 art projects in Italy. Key findings include:
1) Most projects occurred in the last 4 years and focused on environmental and "subpolitical" issues. Artists worked in collectives to foster social and political change through individual participation.
2) Projects primarily used consultation, deliberation, and mobilization models of citizen engagement. Case studies in Rome and Sassari effectively transformed cities and engaged performative audiences.
3) Most projects received public funding, with differing views among artists on the benefits and risks of this. The research aims to further explore relationships between participatory art and urban governance through
Mass communication is defined as communicating information to large audiences via mass media such as television, radio, and newspapers. Mass communication messages have the potential to reach very large, anonymous audiences. The key elements of mass communication are the messages, media used to transmit them, and the audiences receiving them. Traditional functions of mass media include informing audiences, educating/socializing, entertaining, and persuading/interpreting information for audiences. Media informs the public about events and issues, educates on social norms and policies, entertains for relaxation and escape, and provides interpretation and context for information to persuade audiences.
The expressive turn of political participation in the digital ageJakob Svensson
1) In digital late modernity, political participation and citizenship are motivated by expressive rationality rather than instrumental or communicative rationality.
2) Expressive rationality refers to citizens' motivation to express, perform, and create their identities through participation and deliberation.
3) Understanding citizenship in this way allows for participation whether citizens' views change or not, as the goal is self-realization and identity expression rather than reaching consensus.
Participatory media: A new paradigm for development?Leslie Chan
This document discusses participatory communication and its potential as a new paradigm for development communication. It addresses issues around changing discourses on communication and development, beyond modernization and dependency approaches. Variants of participatory communication are examined, including politics of self-representation, indigenous media practices, and whether community media can be considered a "public good". Examples of participatory media like Augusto Boal's "Theatre of the Oppressed" and indigenous Zapatista media centers in Chiapas, Mexico are provided. Conditions for participatory communication like autonomy and freedom from pressures are noted.
A means of communication is a technical system used to carry out any type of communication . This term normally refers to those media that are massive in nature, that is, those that provide information or content to the masses, such as television or radio.
However, there are media that are not mass but interpersonal. Interpersonal media are those that facilitate communication between people , for example: the telephone.
This document discusses communication models and theories. It begins by describing Shannon and Weaver's original model of communication which included a sender, channel, and receiver. It then discusses other models such as the transmission model where information is sent from an encoder to a decoder. The document also discusses semiotic rules of communication, including syntactic, pragmatic, and semantic rules. It describes several theories of communication including Barnlund's transactional model and the constitutive model. The document discusses sources of communication noise and defines communication as an academic discipline that studies both verbal and nonverbal messages.
Social media refers to Internet-based tools that allow people to share and discuss information, including technologies that integrate social interaction, words, pictures, videos and audio (1). Social media derives from traditional media like newspapers, TV and radio, and takes the form of blogs, wikis, social networks, forums and podcasts (2). Social media is characterized by participation, openness, conversation, community and connectedness (3).
The document discusses the definition of mass media. It states that mass media refers to channels of communication that can disseminate information to a large audience, such as newspapers, television, radio, and the internet. It notes that defining mass media has become challenging with newer technologies that allow for both one-to-one and one-to-many communication, like mobile phones and email. The mass media aims to communicate information or entertainment to a large number of receivers who belong to a relatively large audience.
This document discusses audience theory and research in British cultural studies. It summarizes David Morley's influential study from 1980 where he had different socioeconomic groups watch an episode of Nationwide and analyzed their interpretations. It also discusses Dorothy Hobson's research on the soap opera Crossroads, which took a more ethnographic approach than Morley by observing viewers in their own homes. Key concepts discussed include dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings; how audiences construct meaning differently based on social position; and differences between ethnography and anthropology as research methods.
This document discusses several theories of audience:
- The Frankfurt School viewed audiences as passive, accepting media messages without question.
- The Two-Step Flow Theory proposed that opinions are influenced through opinion leaders who interpret media for others. This established audiences as active participants.
- Uses and Gratifications Theory found audiences actively consume media to fulfill personal needs like diversion, social interaction, and identity.
- Later theories expanded reasons for media use and proposed different "readings" that audiences can take, from fully accepting to opposing the preferred message.
MEDIT Seminar: First Week is Editorial, Second Week is Algorithmical: the New...Tiziano Bonini
Abstract
The aim of this seminar is to investigate the current forms of mediation of pop music and what role they play in the contemporary music industry. In particular we deal with those forms of intermediation that are at the basis of the recommender system of music streaming platforms such as Spotify, Apple Music, Google Play Music, Shazam.
These intermediaries are not just the algorithms developed by these companies, which for Pasquale (2015) represent the foundation of what he calls the Black Box Society, but also the people who work on the design, maintenance and continuous fine-tuning of these algorithms. In this paper we have therefore tried to focus, with an ethnographic approach, the emerging key figures in the mediation of pop music, what we call the "new gatekeepers" of the music industry. The circulation of music industry products has always been influenced by intermediaries such as radio, music programmers, music journalists, music shops, but today we see a new class of gatekeepers emerge, both human and non-human: those who work for music streaming platforms (interaction designers, data scientists, music curators, marketing managers), alongside the algorithms they have developed. The study of gatekeepers has a long tradition in media studies (Lewin 1947; White 1950). The technological, cultural and social filters that determined the editorial choices made in the newsrooms of newspapers and television channels have long been investigated and brought to light by classical studies (Tuchman 1978, Gans 1979), while the newsrooms of the new digital companies remain mostly unexplored, due to the many difficulties in accessing the research field (Seaver 2017, Fleischer & Snickars 2017).
Public isn’t what it used to be: From Time to ReputationTiziano Bonini
The document discusses how the integration of social media with radio is changing the nature of radio audiences and publics. It notes four key ways this is different from traditional radio: 1) persistence, as feedback online is archived permanently, 2) replicability as content is easily shared, 3) scalability as visibility can be much wider, and 4) searchability as content is easily found online. This integration makes audiences visible and measurable rather than private. It also makes the relationship between listeners and radio stations less hierarchical and more peer-to-peer. Listeners can now connect with each other, changing the nature of radio publics. The value of audiences is shifting from attention time to social networks and reputation.
"Radio Activity" - Theoretical perspectives on the Interplay of Radio, Parti...Nele Heise
This document discusses theoretical perspectives on the interplay between radio, participatory practices, and technology. It addresses the active audience and how participatory culture has risen with new interactive and social media technologies. This shifting allows production roles and infrastructure to be examined. The document also discusses how radio can be considered a participatory medium through various forms of listener involvement. It notes the historical dimension of making active radio audiences. Today, radio and audio are diversified through new formats, distribution channels, and personal media like podcasts. Case studies of podcasting, engaged listeners, and amateur radio are proposed to empirically examine different participatory practices facilitated by various technological arrangements.
This document discusses a research project focused on sound in public spaces. It examines how headphones are used to create acoustic privacy in public and how this affects social interactions. The project includes creating "Mobile Privacy Units" which are decorated headphones meant to express messages around acoustic privacy. It also involves measuring and drawing ambient sounds in various public locations in Melbourne. The goal is to better understand the relationship between private and public sound and how headphones are changing public spaces.
Approximately 1000 words.Synthesizing the theories (you do not.docxYASHU40
Approximately 1000 words.
Synthesizing the theories (you do not need to draw from ALL the theories/readings), use at least three readings to develop your own view that describes and understands the relationship between technology and society. In developing your view, take the most important and persuasive parts of the existing theories and explain them. In the end, be sure to clearly articulate and define the relationship between technology and society: which has more power or control? How do they relate to one another?
Journal of Communication ISSN 0021-9916
O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E
The Social Life of Wireless Urban Spaces:
Internet Use, Social Networks, and the Public
Realm
Keith N. Hampton, Oren Livio, & Lauren Sessions Goulet
Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
This study explores the role of urban public spaces for democratic and social engagement.
It examines the impact of wireless Internet use on urban public spaces, Internet users, and
others who inhabit these spaces. Through observations of 7 parks, plazas, and markets in 4
North American cities, and surveys of wireless Internet users in those sites, we explore how
this new technology is related to processes of social interaction, privatism, and democratic
engagement. Findings reveal that Internet use within public spaces affords interactions with
existing acquaintances that are more diverse than those associated with mobile phone use.
However, the level of colocated social diversity to which Internet users are exposed is less
than that of most users of these spaces. Yet, online activities in public spaces do contribute
to broader participation in the public sphere. Internet connectivity within public spaces
may contribute to higher overall levels of democratic and social engagement than what is
afforded by exposure within similar spaces free of Internet connectivity.
doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01510.x
Internet access in public parks, plazas, markets, and streets has been made possible
through the proliferation of broadband wireless Internet in the form of municipal
and community wi-fi (e.g., NYC Wireless) and advanced mobile phone networks
(e.g., 3G). The experience of wireless Internet use in the public realm contrasts with
traditional wired Internet use, which is confined primarily to the private realm of the
home and the parochial realm of the workplace. An extensive literature has addressed
the influence of Internet use on the composition of people’s social networks
(Hampton, Sessions, & Her, in press), their engagement in political, voluntary, and
other organizational activities (Boulianne, 2009), and their interactions within home
and workplaces (Bakardjieva, 2005; Quan-Haase & Wellman, 2006). But, Internet
use in the public realm has remained relatively unexplored. This type of use carries
with it significant implications for urban planning, the structure of community, and
the nature of democracy.
Inte.
1. The document discusses different types of media including print media (books, newspapers, magazines), broadcast media (television and radio), movies, the internet, and video games.
2. It provides details on each type of media such as how print media refers to physically distributed written materials, how broadcast media allows watching events through television and listening to audio through radio, and how movies and the internet have evolved to be accessible in various formats.
3. The document also discusses media convergence as the ability to access different types of media across various platforms through digital code, and how this has expanded audiences' media choices and made certain technologies easier to use.
Radio can be used as a social media platform that is localized and accessible. It allows for sharing of voices and experiences across barriers of age, literacy, and language. While commercial radio often appeals to broad audiences, radio also enables underrepresented groups to have a voice. Radio has advantages of being familiar, using voice which is innate to humans, and allowing for interaction. It also has drawbacks of limited accessibility in some areas and requiring more initial investment than other platforms.
The humanities through the artstenth editionlee a. jacobus rock73
This document summarizes three potential English research topics:
1) Language and advertising - How language is used in advertising and its effects, with a focus on offensive language and grammar. Participants would include media personnel and advertising viewers.
2) Language and community - How language builds and defines communities, and how it can be used to create issues. Participants would provide perspectives on language importance.
3) Language and cultural identity - How language identifies cultures and causes misunderstandings between cultures with similar words. Participants would identify their own cultures based on language.
The document recommends further research on the topic of language and culture.
This document summarizes a case study on using a mobile app to engage young people with classical music audiences. Focus groups with 18-25 year olds provided feedback on the proposed app from the London Symphony Orchestra. While the app could help with ticket sales, participants felt it would do little to expand the traditional, aging audience demographic. Barriers included that classical music requires more intellectual investment than pop music. The digital also has limits in translating the live experience. Networks can reinforce social structures through inaction and exclusion. Culture enables both connection and disconnection with technology.
This document discusses various approaches to visual ethnography research including participatory research, public ethnography, and visual activism. It notes that visual representation is embedded in human societies and that visual methods can complement verbal and textual communication. Visual records also provide a rich source of data and can capture data not recordable in other forms. The document discusses how participatory research involves participants in analysis and dissemination. Public ethnography aims to make sociology more useful by focusing on topics relevant to the public. Visual activism uses visual construction, dissemination, and sustainability to facilitate personal change, encourage community debate, and support development.
To Govern Artfully. Linking contemporary public art to political participationLaura Iannelli
This document summarizes research on participatory public art and urban governance. The research involved interviewing 10 artists and analyzing 85 art projects in Italy. Key findings include:
1) Most projects occurred in the last 4 years and focused on environmental and "subpolitical" issues. Artists worked in collectives to foster social and political change through individual participation.
2) Projects primarily used consultation, deliberation, and mobilization models of citizen engagement. Case studies in Rome and Sassari effectively transformed cities and engaged performative audiences.
3) Most projects received public funding, with differing views among artists on the benefits and risks of this. The research aims to further explore relationships between participatory art and urban governance through
Mass communication is defined as communicating information to large audiences via mass media such as television, radio, and newspapers. Mass communication messages have the potential to reach very large, anonymous audiences. The key elements of mass communication are the messages, media used to transmit them, and the audiences receiving them. Traditional functions of mass media include informing audiences, educating/socializing, entertaining, and persuading/interpreting information for audiences. Media informs the public about events and issues, educates on social norms and policies, entertains for relaxation and escape, and provides interpretation and context for information to persuade audiences.
The expressive turn of political participation in the digital ageJakob Svensson
1) In digital late modernity, political participation and citizenship are motivated by expressive rationality rather than instrumental or communicative rationality.
2) Expressive rationality refers to citizens' motivation to express, perform, and create their identities through participation and deliberation.
3) Understanding citizenship in this way allows for participation whether citizens' views change or not, as the goal is self-realization and identity expression rather than reaching consensus.
Participatory media: A new paradigm for development?Leslie Chan
This document discusses participatory communication and its potential as a new paradigm for development communication. It addresses issues around changing discourses on communication and development, beyond modernization and dependency approaches. Variants of participatory communication are examined, including politics of self-representation, indigenous media practices, and whether community media can be considered a "public good". Examples of participatory media like Augusto Boal's "Theatre of the Oppressed" and indigenous Zapatista media centers in Chiapas, Mexico are provided. Conditions for participatory communication like autonomy and freedom from pressures are noted.
A means of communication is a technical system used to carry out any type of communication . This term normally refers to those media that are massive in nature, that is, those that provide information or content to the masses, such as television or radio.
However, there are media that are not mass but interpersonal. Interpersonal media are those that facilitate communication between people , for example: the telephone.
This document discusses communication models and theories. It begins by describing Shannon and Weaver's original model of communication which included a sender, channel, and receiver. It then discusses other models such as the transmission model where information is sent from an encoder to a decoder. The document also discusses semiotic rules of communication, including syntactic, pragmatic, and semantic rules. It describes several theories of communication including Barnlund's transactional model and the constitutive model. The document discusses sources of communication noise and defines communication as an academic discipline that studies both verbal and nonverbal messages.
Social media refers to Internet-based tools that allow people to share and discuss information, including technologies that integrate social interaction, words, pictures, videos and audio (1). Social media derives from traditional media like newspapers, TV and radio, and takes the form of blogs, wikis, social networks, forums and podcasts (2). Social media is characterized by participation, openness, conversation, community and connectedness (3).
The document discusses the definition of mass media. It states that mass media refers to channels of communication that can disseminate information to a large audience, such as newspapers, television, radio, and the internet. It notes that defining mass media has become challenging with newer technologies that allow for both one-to-one and one-to-many communication, like mobile phones and email. The mass media aims to communicate information or entertainment to a large number of receivers who belong to a relatively large audience.
This document discusses audience theory and research in British cultural studies. It summarizes David Morley's influential study from 1980 where he had different socioeconomic groups watch an episode of Nationwide and analyzed their interpretations. It also discusses Dorothy Hobson's research on the soap opera Crossroads, which took a more ethnographic approach than Morley by observing viewers in their own homes. Key concepts discussed include dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings; how audiences construct meaning differently based on social position; and differences between ethnography and anthropology as research methods.
This document discusses several theories of audience:
- The Frankfurt School viewed audiences as passive, accepting media messages without question.
- The Two-Step Flow Theory proposed that opinions are influenced through opinion leaders who interpret media for others. This established audiences as active participants.
- Uses and Gratifications Theory found audiences actively consume media to fulfill personal needs like diversion, social interaction, and identity.
- Later theories expanded reasons for media use and proposed different "readings" that audiences can take, from fully accepting to opposing the preferred message.
Similar to The Listener as producer. presentation at Prix Europa 2013 (20)
MEDIT Seminar: First Week is Editorial, Second Week is Algorithmical: the New...Tiziano Bonini
Abstract
The aim of this seminar is to investigate the current forms of mediation of pop music and what role they play in the contemporary music industry. In particular we deal with those forms of intermediation that are at the basis of the recommender system of music streaming platforms such as Spotify, Apple Music, Google Play Music, Shazam.
These intermediaries are not just the algorithms developed by these companies, which for Pasquale (2015) represent the foundation of what he calls the Black Box Society, but also the people who work on the design, maintenance and continuous fine-tuning of these algorithms. In this paper we have therefore tried to focus, with an ethnographic approach, the emerging key figures in the mediation of pop music, what we call the "new gatekeepers" of the music industry. The circulation of music industry products has always been influenced by intermediaries such as radio, music programmers, music journalists, music shops, but today we see a new class of gatekeepers emerge, both human and non-human: those who work for music streaming platforms (interaction designers, data scientists, music curators, marketing managers), alongside the algorithms they have developed. The study of gatekeepers has a long tradition in media studies (Lewin 1947; White 1950). The technological, cultural and social filters that determined the editorial choices made in the newsrooms of newspapers and television channels have long been investigated and brought to light by classical studies (Tuchman 1978, Gans 1979), while the newsrooms of the new digital companies remain mostly unexplored, due to the many difficulties in accessing the research field (Seaver 2017, Fleischer & Snickars 2017).
Is Twitter a Public service social medium? A comparative content analysis of ...Tiziano Bonini
This document analyzes the use of Twitter by two European public broadcasters, RAI in Italy and RNE in Spain. It conducts a content analysis of tweets from four radio stations - RAI's Rairadio2, Radio3tweets, and RNE's Radio1_rne and Radio3_rne. The analysis codes tweets according to their linguistic function and examines metrics like retweets, mentions, hashtags, and links. Preliminary findings suggest Twitter is important for cultural stations to provide context for listeners, but broadcasters could better stimulate relationships between listeners.
Brief history of media-supported revolutionsTiziano Bonini
This document outlines the history of media-supported revolutions from 1517 to 2011. It shows how each revolution utilized the mass communication technologies of its time, from the printing press to social media. The 1968 Paris protests used leaflets and graffiti to spread their message. The 1999 Seattle protests coordinated through mailing lists and early internet platforms. And the 2011 uprisings in North Africa were powered by social media that allowed protesters to bypass state-run media and connect to global audiences.
The document traces the history of media-supported revolutions from 1517 to 2011, noting how each revolution utilized the mass communication technologies of its time:
1) The Protestant movement used the Gutenberg printing press in 1517.
2) The French Revolution utilized newspapers and leaflets in 1789.
3) The 1968 Paris protests tactically employed transistor radios and wall postings.
4) Social media like Twitter and blogs supported the 2011 uprisings in North Africa. Each revolution strategically adopted the newest media to spread their message and bypass institutional media.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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The Listener as producer. presentation at Prix Europa 2013
1. The Listener as
Producer:
radio audience in the age of social media
Expert Seminar "Radio- and Audio-Strategies for External
Cultural Relations”
Prix Europa Festival, 25th October 2013
Berlin
Tiziano Bonini, IULM University of Milan
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
2. “A history of long-distance relationship”
Framing the history of
radio as a history of
distance between radio
and its audience
- a four stages’ history 1) an invisible medium for an invisible public (1920-1945)
2) an invisible medium for an audible public (1945-1994)
3) an (in)visible medium for an audible/readable public (1994-2004)
4) a visible medium for a networked public (2004-??)
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
3. REMIXING WALTER BENJAMIN: RADIO AS A SOCIAL MEDIUM
In its Reflections on Radio (1930) Benjamin expresses the most fruitful ideas for our contemporary radio age:
“The crucial failing of [radio] has been to perpetuate the fundamental separation between
practitioners and the public, a separation that is at odds with its technological basis. […] The public
has to be turned into the witnesses of interviews and conversations in which now this person and
now that one has the opportunity to make himself heard”.
The radio that Benjamin is advocating is a medium that reduces the distance between transmitter and receiver, allowing
both the author/presenter and the listener to play the role of producers, who contribute to creating the radio
narrative. The importance that Benjamin attributes to active reception is in stark contrast with the hypnotic effect of
Nazi aesthetics (Baudouin 2009:23) and with the allure of a radio show seen as a product to be consumed. Benjamin
juxtaposes the aestheticisation of politics and art embodied by Nazism with the politicisation of art, something which
requires, in his view, a more active and participant role for the listener: politicization of the listener.
Benjamin further developed this theme in The Author as Producer (1934), in which he pointed out the need for a new
intellectual/producer figure (writer, photographer, radio drama author, film director) and the end of the distance
between writer and reader due to the advent of new mechanical and electrical reproduction technologies.
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
4. listener’s voice
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
4) a visible medium for a networked public (2004-??)
listeners’ posts
5. 4) a visible medium for a networked public (2004-??)
social studio: software for displaying
phone/sms/Twitter/Facebook/ messages
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
6. networked
publics...:
publics that “are restructured by networked technologies” (Boyd
2011:41). These kinds of publics all share 4 fundamental affordances
that make them different from all the previous mediated publics:
Persistence means that in SNS the public’s expressions are automatically recorded and archived.
This means that feedbacks (opinions, feelings and comments) of every listener are public and since they can remain on line
for a long time they can also have a role in shaping the reputation of the radio station.
Replicability means that the content produced in networked publics is easily replicable.
Scalability in networked publics refers to the possibility of tremendous - albeit not guaranteed - visibility.
This means that, for example, unique listeners commenting and talking about a radio show on its social network profile can
reach a wide audience.
Searchability means that content produced by networked publics can be easily accessed.
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
7. 4) a visible medium for a networked public (2004-??)
author/speaker/producer listener/audience
Radio
+ telephone
+ sms
+email
+ blog
+ SNS
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
visible
one-to-many (radio/blog post/FB note or post)
+
one-to-one (phone/email/chat) +
many-to-many (FB Home/ # Twitter) +
many-to-one (FB comments and posts from
the listeners)
coop production
visible
audible
linked/networked to the community of listeners
public figure
can take part in the conversation
can manifest its emotions or opinions (sms, email,)
its opinions, comments and feelings about the
programme go public
produces contents/coop production
its feelings and opinions are measurable (through
netnography)
mobile and more data noisy audiences
8. author/speaker/producer listener/audience
Radio
+ telephone
+ sms
+email
+ blog
+ SNS
visible
one-to-many (radio/blog post/FB note or post) +
one-to-one (phone/email/chat) +
many-to-many (FB Home/ # Twitter) +
many-to-one (FB comments and posts from the listeners)
coop production
Radio
+ telephone
+ sms
+email
not visible
one-to-many (invisible) comm. model +
one-to-one (phone conversation/email)
unique author
Radio
+ telephone
Radio +
paper letters
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
not visible
one-to-many (invisible) comm. model +
one-to-one (phone conversation)
unique author
not visible
one-to-many (invisible) comm. model
unique author
visible
audible
linked/networked to the community of listeners
public figure
can take part in the conversation
can manifest its emotions or opinions (sms, email,)
its opinions, comments and feelings about the programme go
public
mobile and more data noisy audiences
produces contents/coop production
its feelings and opinions are measurable (through netnography)
multiple auditory regimes coexist (Lacey 2013)
not visible
audible
private figure
can take part in the conversation
can manifest its emotions or opinions (sms and
email)
its listening habits are measurable
not visible
audible
private figure
can take part in the conversation
not able to freely manifest its emotions
or opinions (phone calls are filtered)
its listening habits are measurable
not visible
not audible
not linked to the community of listeners
private figure
passive (it cannot take part in the conversation)
insensitive (it cannot manifest its emotions towards the speaker)
its listening habits are measurable
9. a) Change in the publicness of publics (more visible, more audible)
The presence of the public within radio programmes goes from the telephone – which implies only the presence of a
voice, invisible and disembodied, to social media – in which the public has a face, a name, a personal space for discussion
(the Wall), a bio-cultural profile (the Info section), a collective intelligence (the Home Page), a General Sentiment
(Arvidsson 2012). It is the end of the public as a mass that is blind (it cannot see the source of the sound), invisible (it
cannot be seen by the transmitter), passive (it cannot take part in the conversation) and insensitive (it cannot manifest
its emotions towards the speaker). The implant of SNS on the body of the radio medium renders the immaterial capital
made up by the listeners public and tangible. While until recently the public was invisible to radio and was confined to
its private sphere except in the case of phone calls during a programme, today listeners linked to the online profile of a
radio programme are no longer invisible or private (as underlined by Gazi, Starkey, Jedrzejewski, 2011), and the same
goes for their opinions and emotions. And if emotions and opinions are no longer invisible or private, they are
measurable. For the first time in Radio history, listeners are not only numbers: their feelings,
opinions and reputation are trackable and measurable through netnographic methods (Kozinets
2010).
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
10. b) Change in the speaker-to-listener relation
The new communication model that derives from the short-circuit between radio and social media is a hybrid model, partly still
broadcast, partly already networked. Radio is still a one-to-many means of communication. However, telephone already made it
partly a one-to-one medium (phone interview) and many-to-one (open mic, phone talk radio); to this we have to add SNS, which are
at once a one-to-one (chat), one-to-many (tweets, FB notes or posts), many-to-many (FB Home, Twitter hashtags), many-to-one (FB
comments) kind of media. The mix between radio and SNS considerably modifies both the hierarchical/vertical relation between the
speaker/presenter and the public, and the horizontal relation between each listener. Both types of relation are approaching a less
hierarchical dynamic typical of peer-to-peer culture. When a programme’s presenter and one of his or her listeners become friends
on FB they establish a bi-directional relation: both can navigate on each other’s profile, both can watch each other’s online
performance and at the same time be an actor in it. They can both enact two types of performance, public and private: they can
comment posts on each other’s walls or reply to each other's tweets, send each other private messages or communicate by chat in
real time. For the first time in the history of radio the speaker and the listener can easily communicate privately, far from the ears of
other listeners, “off-air”. This gives rise to a “backstage” behaviour between presenter and listener that was previously unimaginable.
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
11. c) Change in the listener-to-listener relation
At the same time, the relation between listeners is similarly changing. Fans of a radio programme can establish links
online, exchange public comments on the programme’s wall, express more or less appreciation for specific contents,
exchange contents on their personal walls, write each other private messages or chat with each other. The radio’s public
has never been so publicised. While before SNS the concept of radio public was a purely abstract entity, which could be
understood sociologically and analysed statistically, today this public is no longer only an imagined one (Anderson 1993).
People who listen frequently to a radio programme and are its fans on FB have the opportunity, for the first time, to see
and recognise each other, to communicate, to create new links while bypassing the centre, in other words the radio
programme itself. “The gatekeeping function of mass media is challenged as individuals use digital media to spread
messages much farther and more widely than was ever historically possible” (Gurak 2001). While a radio public is
an invisible group of people who are not linked together, the SNS audience of a radio
programme is instead a visible group of people/nodes in a network, connected by ties of
variable intensity which in some cases can produce strong ties that transcend the broadcaster.
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
12. d) Change in the value of publics
(SNS public: social capital = mass media public: economic capital)
This visible group of people/nodes/links is the most important new feature produced by the hybridisation between radio and SNS. A
radio programme’s network of friends/fans on SNS represents its specific social capital (Bourdieu and Wacquant 1992). While the wider
(and invisible) radio public, as charted by audience rating companies, still constitutes the programme’s economic capital, the more
restricted public of social media should in my view be considered the real social capital of a programme, a tangible and visible capital, the
meaning of which is well explained by Bourdieu and Wacquant, when they define social capital as “the sum of the resources, actual or
virtual, that accrue to an individual or a group by virtue of possessing a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of
mutual acquaintance and recognition” (Bourdieu and Wacquant 1992:14).
For radio makers, a wide network of friends/fans is of great importance for their future. Even if the fans' network does not generate a
tangible economic value like the radio audience already does, it nevertheless generates a great reputational capital. The message of the
SNS public of a radio programme is the network itself, because this network is able to produce value. The value embedded in the
networked public is not already convertible into economic capital, but the crisis of traditional mass advertising will lead to a future
increase and refining of tools for the capitalization of the wealth of networked publics linked to radio programmes and stations. Besides,
building networked and productive publics for radio could be of strategic importance for public service media. Public service media are
loosing audiences and legitimacy since they are abdicating from serving listeners as citizens (Syvertsen 1999). Since making and
participating mean “connecting” and creating social relations, as Gauntlett has brilliantly showed (2011), building and nurturing wealthy
and productive networked publics for public service media could be an opportunity to legitimize their service as a real public one, a
service that provides listeners with tools to let them participate and create new social relations among each other.
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
13. FM Audience = economic capital of the radio programme
SNS Audience = social capital of the radio programme
fm audience
SNS audience
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
14. Radio Audience in the age of social media is
a network of small media
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
15. If a public is a network then it needs different
methods of investigation
Broadcasting age
attention economy
Networking age
reputation economy
Methods of attention valuation:
Methods of reputation valuation:
- Hooperatings
- meters (Arbitron)
- diaries (Rajar)
- CATI (phone calls) (Mediametrie and others)
- Sentiment analysis (Kozinets 2010)
- Social Network Analysis (Barabasi)
- Digital etnography (Marres, 2011)
- Digital reputation rating systems (Klout, Kred, etc.)
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
16. e) Change in the role of radio author (from producer to curator)
Radio is increasingly becoming an aggregator, a filter for the abundance of information, useful especially for the nonprosumer listeners, who do not publish videos and have no time to explore friends’ profiles, which are a true goldmine
to discover new trends. The radio author’s job thus resembles more and more that of a translator, of someone who
connects two worlds – niches and mass culture – by delving into niches and re-emerging with a little treasure trove
that can then be used productively. The producer’s function in the age of Facebook is thus to drag contents emerging
from small islands, small communities and to translate and adapt them for the public of large continents, transforming
them into mass culture. Radio authors and producers are becoming more and more similar to the figure of the
curator, a cultural shift in the role of all kinds of author's labour already noted by Brian Eno in 1991, as Reynolds (2011)
reminds us: “Curatorship is arguably the big new job of our times: it is the task of re-evaluating, filtering, digesting, and
connecting together. In an age saturated with new artifacts and information, it is perhaps the curator, the connection
maker, who is the new storyteller, the meta-author.”
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
17. Social radio
case histories
1) Detektor FM (German web radio)
2) Voi Siete Qui (Radio24, Italian national news&talk radio)
3) RaiTunes (Rai Radio2, Italian public service radio)
4) Radio Ambulante (latin american radio feature project)
5) Dokumentar (SR Swedish public service radio)
6) Mehrspur (SWR 2, German public service radio)
7) Radio Ortung (Deutschlandradio Kultur)
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
features
storytelling
music show
features
features
features
radio drama
18. Detektor FM
detektor.fm is a nationwide German
web radio which covers politics,
economics, culture and music.
Their app is named “crowdradio”
Bertolt Brecht: “radio should be
not only a mean of distribution
but also a bidirectional
communication medium”
“The next generation of listener loyalty.” is their slogan
1.
CrowdRadio is always on location
Photos, videos, texts, audio commentary directly at concerts, festivals, flash mobs and demonstrations - every user can become a
reporter and send authentic reports with CrowdRadio. No one is closer to the action than the listener.
2.
CrowdRadio represents new methods of showing advertising.
The CrowdRadio app provides the essentials for the next generation of radio advertising. In-app advertising is only one of many new
possibilities with which active and valued listeners and customers can be reached directly
3.
CrowdRadio is the Second Screen
Radio stations can at last send information to their listeners about each program highlight with CrowdRadio - directly to a smart
phone. The listeners can also participate in the program by voting and commenting on the interactive content.
4.
CrowdRadio connects social networks
With CrowdRadio, the users are reachable wherever they happen to be - in front of the radio, while looking at the station’s website, or
within social network and communities. CrowdRadio connects all of these communication channels. The listeners can send their
contributions to the editors using the app, and also via Facebook or Twitter. CrowdRadio is an interface between all of the station’s
different channels.
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
19. Voi Siete Qui (You Are Here)
Voi Siete Qui is a crowdsourced storytelling programme. Every day
we tell an episode in the life of a listener. Real stories from the
listeners are dramatized as docu-fictions and edited with
indie music soundtracks. Listeners comment the stories on social
media and share their similar experiences. Listeners also share their
stories on the Facebook fan page.
map website
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
45 minutes live show
180.000 listeners every day
3 seasons
490 episodes broadcast so far
4000 stories received by email
2 free ebooks published
15.600 fan on Facebook
3.000 followers on Twitter
20. Voi Siete Qui (You Are Here)
http://www.radio24.ilsole24ore.com/programma/voi-siete-qui/index.php
We ask every day for new stories from listeners. We always repeat that there are no prizes and we
are not searching for new novelists. We ask for experiences listeners want to share with the
audience. Sharing stories from which the others can learn something is our main aim.
The stories we receive are peer-reviewed by me and the host, we select one story for being
produced only if both of us are agree. We select stories from a wide range of issues: we also choose
sad stories without happy ends, but we don’t schedule them on friday (people are tired, on friday.
We have experienced an increase of SMS with people weeping after our stories on friday)
Every week we have a meeting to decide the contents of the next week’s episodes: we search for
contents and side stories to build around the main story of the listener. Film or short stories
excerpts (You Tube and Google Books are our great friends). We also raise side stories from
Facebook and Twitter.
We often ask in advance on Facebook what kind of film and novels the story of the day reminds to
the listeners. Sometimes listeners spontaneously provide us with excerpts in pdf and mp3 music
through private Facebook messages. Sometimes we use and edit their suggestions.
Once per week we open up the playlist building process on Twitter, through the #openPlaylist. we
tweet the issue of an episode and we ask for songs.
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
21. RaiTunes
The Facebook fan page of the programme
is a lively space, where the programme
keeps on living when the presenter
switches off the microphone. The fans are
young and extremely active. They use to
post an average of 60 to 100 You Tube
links to music videoclips every day (even on
week end!). The update of the page never
stops during the day. People (girls and boys,
women and men) keep on posting at every
hour, day and night. The FB wall
continually changes. It seems a collective
stream of consciousness. Music video
posting is the real glue of the RaiTunes
community. The listeners of the show are
used to music shows, are used to go to
concerts and they behave like a concert
audience. The fans who post on the wall
show to possess a high and wide musical
knowledge, perfectly matching to the
musical choice of the presenter. On the
wall we can assist to a collective process of
“fine tuning” of the General Taste of
RaiTunes audience.
continous stream of listeners’ posts
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
22. Radio Ambulante
http://radioambulante.org/
Radio Ambulante is a crowdfunded latin features and
documentary audio web project. The project’s goal is to
catch the people’s ear with narrative journalism, not
fction. “It is a project to tell stories from all Spanishspeaking countries in Latin America, where people listen
to radio every day,” (Daniel Alarcón, one of its founders
and a renowned writer himself). It raised some of its
initial funds via Kickstarter – $46,000, beating its goal by
$6,000 – and it’s crowdsourcing reporters and stories.
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
23. Dokumentar
P3 Dokumentär (P3 Documentary) is the label for a series of freestanding documentaries, scheduled on the same recurring time-slot
(Sundays 6-8pm; Saturdays 8-10pm). The topics vary from week to
week. The two common and defining qualities for the programs are
that they have a Swedish perspective and an historical focus. As the
producers’ state on the program’s website:
To understand how events in our contemporary history
create impressions and change the way we live they have
to be set in context and be given perspective. […] It can
be about the common man’s struggle or the political
power plays – but in P3 Documentary it always takes its
starting point from the Swedish perspective.
(sverigesradio.se, 110223).
P3 Documentary has been on-air since 2005, and since 2006 it has
had the same time-slot within the schedule. It has been nominated
for – and awarded – several radio- and journalistic prizes. The show
is chosen for its (unexpected) popularity among younger audiences
and since it is the most popular (public radio) podcast in Sweden.
- Requests for future topics from Facebook
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
24. Mehrspur
http://www.swr.de/swr2/programm/sendungen/feature/-/id=659934/nid=659934/did=6843358/1raj4si/index.html
Dokublog is the web 2.0 platform of the
SWR feature department built in 2008.
Dokublog is a platform "for sound
hunters and feature makers", as
Dokublog maker Wolfram Wessels puts
it, inviting them to submit their pieces as
well as all the sounds they recorded.
Selected productions are broadcast in
SWR's feature broadcast "Mehrspur".
The site can be browsed not only by
features, broadcasts, recording locations
or authors but also by sounds. Any
feature or sound may be re-used for new
productions. 1800 recordings and
features have been submitted so far.
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
25. Radio Oortung
http://www.dradio.de/aktuell/1266138/
RADIOORTUNG – Hörspiele für Selbstläufer“ is a
new site-specific mobile radio format, developed by
the radio drama department of Deutschlandradio
Kultur. The Listeners walk through public spaces
(e.g. Berlin and Cologne) with their mobile phones
and trigger via GPS short fragments of radio
dramas or radio documentaries - the listener is
being received by the radio drama or radio
documentary. A second audio track is overlaying the
reality of the places so that the city itself becomes a
silver screen for the stories. The storytelling is nonlinear and site-specific and reflects the subtile
interventions of the new mobile technologies, that
influence the listeners everyday lives.
Listeners and walkers experience the city as an
audible and highly-subjective archive. Onlinevisitors of the RADIOORTUNG website
(www.dradio-ortung.de) can also move through this
acoustic surveillance map.
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013
27. you find me
here
::: Academia :::
http://iulm.academia.edu/TizianoBonini
::: Audio/Radio :::
www.radiofactory.org
http://audioboo.fm/tizianobonini
tiziano.bonini@iulm.it
venerdì 11 ottobre 2013