The document discusses how the integration of social media with radio is changing the nature of radio audiences and publics. It notes four key ways this is different from traditional radio: 1) persistence, as feedback online is archived permanently, 2) replicability as content is easily shared, 3) scalability as visibility can be much wider, and 4) searchability as content is easily found online. This integration makes audiences visible and measurable rather than private. It also makes the relationship between listeners and radio stations less hierarchical and more peer-to-peer. Listeners can now connect with each other, changing the nature of radio publics. The value of audiences is shifting from attention time to social networks and reputation.
Citizen journalism is reshaping how news and information is shared through the rise of blogs, YouTube, and social media. The document discusses how the concept of the "prosumer" - someone who both produces and consumes media - has grown with the ability of everyday users to both read and create online content. While this allows unofficial news to spread more widely, it also raises issues around objectivity and quality as citizen journalists may lack training and have their own biases. The role of social networks in both spreading official and unofficial information during emergencies is also examined.
This document discusses the role and history of media theory and research. It covers early theories from the 19th-20th centuries that examined the role of mass communication in industrialized societies. Media effects research is also summarized, including propaganda studies, radio impact research, and television violence studies. The document then discusses limited effects theories, audience research approaches like uses and gratifications, and new directions in digital media research. Finally, it considers different philosophical approaches to media research like positivism, social constructionism, and the use of both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods.
This document discusses key concepts related to mass communication including definitions, components, and functions. It defines mass communication as using mass media to send messages to large audiences to inform, entertain, or persuade. The key components it identifies are mass communicators, mass messages, mass media, mass communication, and mass audiences. It describes mass communicators as those who produce messages for mass media like journalists and advertisers. Mass messages are the content like news, movies, songs, etc. Mass media are the vehicles that carry these messages like newspapers, TV, radio, etc. It also discusses the size and diversity of mass audiences. Finally, it outlines several functions of mass communication including providing information, reflecting cultural values, entertainment, and mobilizing
This document discusses the evolution of mass communication from early oral traditions to current digital technologies. It outlines five phases of communication development and describes how each new technology built upon previous ones. It also summarizes two approaches to understanding mass media: the linear model which views it as a straight line from sender to receiver, and the cultural model which recognizes that audiences give diverse meanings to messages. Finally, it advocates developing media literacy using a five-step critical process of description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, and engagement.
Chapter 2 - Media Literacy in the Digital Agejbraun128
This document discusses media literacy and its importance in education. It defines media literacy as the process of critically analyzing media content by considering its presentation, underlying messages, and how ownership may affect content. The document also discusses how each medium has its own "grammar" or conventions and how commercial factors can influence media coverage and content. Developing critical media literacy skills helps people become more discerning consumers and producers of media.
Social media is defined by elements of interactivity and the intersection of technology, social interaction, and information sharing. It employs a dialogic model of communication that allows for many-to-many conversation and participatory production. What is social about social media includes choice, conversation, curation of content, collaboration, and user creation. Common forms of social media include email, discussion boards, chat rooms, blogs, microblogs, wikis, and social networking sites. Both benefits and criticisms of social media's impact have been discussed.
Citizen journalism is reshaping how news and information is shared through the rise of blogs, YouTube, and social media. The document discusses how the concept of the "prosumer" - someone who both produces and consumes media - has grown with the ability of everyday users to both read and create online content. While this allows unofficial news to spread more widely, it also raises issues around objectivity and quality as citizen journalists may lack training and have their own biases. The role of social networks in both spreading official and unofficial information during emergencies is also examined.
This document discusses the role and history of media theory and research. It covers early theories from the 19th-20th centuries that examined the role of mass communication in industrialized societies. Media effects research is also summarized, including propaganda studies, radio impact research, and television violence studies. The document then discusses limited effects theories, audience research approaches like uses and gratifications, and new directions in digital media research. Finally, it considers different philosophical approaches to media research like positivism, social constructionism, and the use of both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods.
This document discusses key concepts related to mass communication including definitions, components, and functions. It defines mass communication as using mass media to send messages to large audiences to inform, entertain, or persuade. The key components it identifies are mass communicators, mass messages, mass media, mass communication, and mass audiences. It describes mass communicators as those who produce messages for mass media like journalists and advertisers. Mass messages are the content like news, movies, songs, etc. Mass media are the vehicles that carry these messages like newspapers, TV, radio, etc. It also discusses the size and diversity of mass audiences. Finally, it outlines several functions of mass communication including providing information, reflecting cultural values, entertainment, and mobilizing
This document discusses the evolution of mass communication from early oral traditions to current digital technologies. It outlines five phases of communication development and describes how each new technology built upon previous ones. It also summarizes two approaches to understanding mass media: the linear model which views it as a straight line from sender to receiver, and the cultural model which recognizes that audiences give diverse meanings to messages. Finally, it advocates developing media literacy using a five-step critical process of description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, and engagement.
Chapter 2 - Media Literacy in the Digital Agejbraun128
This document discusses media literacy and its importance in education. It defines media literacy as the process of critically analyzing media content by considering its presentation, underlying messages, and how ownership may affect content. The document also discusses how each medium has its own "grammar" or conventions and how commercial factors can influence media coverage and content. Developing critical media literacy skills helps people become more discerning consumers and producers of media.
Social media is defined by elements of interactivity and the intersection of technology, social interaction, and information sharing. It employs a dialogic model of communication that allows for many-to-many conversation and participatory production. What is social about social media includes choice, conversation, curation of content, collaboration, and user creation. Common forms of social media include email, discussion boards, chat rooms, blogs, microblogs, wikis, and social networking sites. Both benefits and criticisms of social media's impact have been discussed.
This chapter discusses the relationship between mass communication and politics in the digital age. It covers how politicians use news coverage and sound bites to their advantage, the changing tone of television political coverage and increasing role of opinion polls. It also addresses the impact of negative political advertising and effectiveness, the blending of political campaigns and entertainment such as debates. Finally, it examines the changes social media is bringing to political campaigns, civic engagement through tools like smart mobs, and greater transparency through government databases.
Original title: Technology Transforming Media, Transforming Us.
This is a Keynote (the app) talk I gave at Webvisions' 2013 NYC Conference in March. It's my perspective on mass communication/media from the Stone Age to today.
This document provides an overview of mass communication and different forms of mass media. It defines mass communication as public communication transmitted electronically or mechanically to large audiences. Mass communication can be understood as "who says what through which channel to whom with what effect". The key functions of mass communication are to inform, educate, and entertain audiences. Different forms of mass media discussed are newspapers, magazines, films, radio, television, and the internet. The origin of mass communication is also briefly outlined, noting the developments of printing, telegraph, telephone, radio, and television that enabled reaching larger audiences.
Chapter 1 - Mass Communication and Its Digital Transformationjbraun128
The document discusses the convergence of media through technological, economic, and cultural changes. It explains that technological convergence involves the integration of computing, telecommunications, and media in a digital environment. This leads to changes in media organizations, content, use, distribution, audiences, and professions. The increasing interactivity and globalization of media blurs traditional lines between mass and interpersonal communication. The document also summarizes theories of mass communication, including transmission models and critical theory approaches.
This document discusses the transition from public service broadcasting (PSB) to public service media (PSM) in light of changes in technology and markets. It argues that while markets now offer more content sources, quality remains an issue. PSB still has an important role in providing universal access to varied, high-quality content while empowering citizens. However, PSB needs to reinvent itself to cater to individual interests across platforms. The document advocates for strong, well-funded PSM institutions that can sustain public debate through multimedia services in a digital environment.
Session 4 communication, power and technologyJuan Manfredi
The document discusses the relationship between communication, power, and technology throughout history. It states that communication and information have always been fundamental sources of both power and counter-power in societies. The digital age has extended the reach of communication media into all domains of social life through global and customized networks. This challenges traditional power structures as it enables new forms of networking power, network power, networked power, and network-making power. The rise of mass self-communication through social media and user-generated content further disrupts established power relations by allowing for unprecedented autonomy and horizontal communication networks among individuals.
The document discusses citizens' participation in media, focusing on public opinion programs on television and online comment features. It examines theories of participation, examples of participatory media formats, and a case study of a television program in Spain called Banda Ampla that incorporates audience participation and feedback.
(1) Television, radio, and newspapers dominated mass communication in the 20th century, but the rise of the internet has introduced networked communication as a new model.
(2) Networked communication is shaped by three forces: communicational globalization processes, new forms of mediation like self-mass communication and multimedia interpersonal communication, and different levels of interactivity.
(3) This new communicational paradigm is characterized by rhetoric based on moving images, new dynamics of accessibility and mobility, the social value of user-generated content, and the coexistence of different types of content and narratives.
To quote Swedish media scholar Oscar Westlund, news consumption is changing rapidly, and thus there is a need for continuous studies into its shifting nature. There is a need for both quantitative and qualitative research into how news consumption across media is transforming, among the public as well as among specific groups. Ideally, such research should attempt to study changes over time in different geographical contexts, or even better, making cross-cultural comparisons to create a more comprehensive understanding of contemporary news consumption. And an important part of such studies is focusing on how news consumption have gained a participatory and co-creative dimension: consumption is also about users sharing, spreading, commenting and even creating content that feeds into to the circuits of news production.
1. The document discusses the evolution of mass media research from the propaganda model to the critical cultural model which examines how people use media to construct their view of the world.
2. It also covers different types of media effects such as message, medium, ownership, and active audience effects and how they influence people.
3. The role of media in politics is discussed including resonance and competitive models of how campaigns affect voters and debates around media and political bias.
New media refers to digital media that are interactive and allow for two-way communication between users and producers. This includes websites, email, blogs, social networking, and virtual reality environments. New media is characterized as being digital, interactive, hypertextual, networked, virtual, and able to be simulated. It has transformed traditional media forms and allowed users to participate in media production and distribution in new ways.
Mass media has both positive and negative influences on society. Positively, it allows widespread communication of information and events. However, it can also distort or sensationalize information, and influence public opinion. The media promotes unrealistic ideals of beauty, wealth and success that impact teenagers. It also exposes youth to excessive advertising of junk food. While media coverage can raise awareness of issues, it also thrives on conflict and drama over long-term solutions. Overall, mass media is a powerful force that should be consumed carefully and critically by the public.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in mass communication including selective exposure, the narrative, media literacy, and the role of gatekeepers. It discusses how audiences tend to seek out messages that align with their beliefs and how media companies tell stories to engage audiences. Media literacy is presented as an important tool for citizens to critically analyze media content and their influence. The role of media in democracy versus consumerism is also debated.
Strategic communication in_the_new_media_sphereGiancarlo N B
This document discusses strategic communication in the new media sphere. Some key points:
- Traditional methods of strategic communication through media are not effective for communication through new media like social media, which allows for dialogue and feedback rather than one-way messaging.
- Successful strategic communication in new media requires participation beyond just professional communicators - it needs involvement from those executing policies and plans on the ground through new media.
- New media communication is an ongoing conversation, not campaigns, so it requires persistent engagement over time rather than short-term bursts of activity. Adaptation is needed as the narrative evolves continuously.
This document discusses the characteristics of different mass media including television, radio, newspaper, magazine, and outdoor media. It provides details on their advantages and disadvantages. Television is highlighted as having broad reach through combining sound, sight, and motion but also allowing for false news and ads. Radio can reach remote audiences in a cost efficient manner but has audio only and fleeting messages. Newspapers provide detailed information through various sections but have short life spans. Magazines are specialized with longer life but also longer lead times for ad placement. Outdoor media provides 24 hour coverage in a location-specific and cost efficient way but can face image problems.
Has new media democratised the production of media texts by shifting the control of media content away from large media institutions?
Has new media changed the way media texts are consumed and what are the social implications for this?
Has new media technology provided new cross-cultural, global media texts that communicate across national and social boundaries?
How active or interactive are consumers of new media and how significant is this in terms of power?
How has new/digital media impacted on traditional media productions and consumption?
To what extent does new media escape some of the constraints of censorship that traditional media encounters?
This presentation is a contribution to the definition of the New Media concept. Prepared by Ismail H. Polat. (Instructor in New Media Department @ Kadir Has University, Istanbul.
The document discusses different advertising media and factors to consider when selecting media for advertising campaigns. It outlines several types of media including print (newspapers, magazines), outdoor (posters, billboards), direct mail (circulars, business reply cards), and electronic (radio, television, internet). When choosing media, considerations include the target customer, communication objectives, budget, type of message, and the characteristics of each medium like coverage, lifespan, credibility. Print provides flexibility but short lifespan while outdoor has long lifespan but limited detail. Direct mail is selective but lacks mass coverage. Electronic media like radio and TV have wide appeal but messages have short lifespan and advertising can be expensive.
The document discusses the power and influence of the media. It notes that the media has historically been one of the most powerful forces and examines why this is the case. Specifically, it points to new communication technologies strengthening the media and the ability of media stories to directly influence people's minds. The events presented through media are intended to send positive or negative messages to communities. A variety of media formats are discussed, including television, radio, film, internet, and press/newspapers.
The document discusses the characteristics of new media. It identifies new media as digital, interactive, hypertextual, networked, virtual, and able to provide simulations. New media combines words, visuals, animation and allows for two-way interaction between users and content. This interactivity is a key difference between new media and traditional "old" media. Examples provided include social media sites that give users control and the ability to easily share content online.
Brief history of media-supported revolutionsTiziano Bonini
This document outlines the history of media-supported revolutions from 1517 to 2011. It shows how each revolution utilized the mass communication technologies of its time, from the printing press to social media. The 1968 Paris protests used leaflets and graffiti to spread their message. The 1999 Seattle protests coordinated through mailing lists and early internet platforms. And the 2011 uprisings in North Africa were powered by social media that allowed protesters to bypass state-run media and connect to global audiences.
This document outlines various software promotion schemes and rates on the ipott.com microsite. The Platinum scheme provides the most promotion opportunities, including a product page on the microsite for one month, news coverage, mailers, banners, interviews and displays at events. Lower tiers like Gold and Silver provide fewer promotional placements and opportunities. The document aims to help software companies understand promotion options and costs on the ipott.com platform.
This chapter discusses the relationship between mass communication and politics in the digital age. It covers how politicians use news coverage and sound bites to their advantage, the changing tone of television political coverage and increasing role of opinion polls. It also addresses the impact of negative political advertising and effectiveness, the blending of political campaigns and entertainment such as debates. Finally, it examines the changes social media is bringing to political campaigns, civic engagement through tools like smart mobs, and greater transparency through government databases.
Original title: Technology Transforming Media, Transforming Us.
This is a Keynote (the app) talk I gave at Webvisions' 2013 NYC Conference in March. It's my perspective on mass communication/media from the Stone Age to today.
This document provides an overview of mass communication and different forms of mass media. It defines mass communication as public communication transmitted electronically or mechanically to large audiences. Mass communication can be understood as "who says what through which channel to whom with what effect". The key functions of mass communication are to inform, educate, and entertain audiences. Different forms of mass media discussed are newspapers, magazines, films, radio, television, and the internet. The origin of mass communication is also briefly outlined, noting the developments of printing, telegraph, telephone, radio, and television that enabled reaching larger audiences.
Chapter 1 - Mass Communication and Its Digital Transformationjbraun128
The document discusses the convergence of media through technological, economic, and cultural changes. It explains that technological convergence involves the integration of computing, telecommunications, and media in a digital environment. This leads to changes in media organizations, content, use, distribution, audiences, and professions. The increasing interactivity and globalization of media blurs traditional lines between mass and interpersonal communication. The document also summarizes theories of mass communication, including transmission models and critical theory approaches.
This document discusses the transition from public service broadcasting (PSB) to public service media (PSM) in light of changes in technology and markets. It argues that while markets now offer more content sources, quality remains an issue. PSB still has an important role in providing universal access to varied, high-quality content while empowering citizens. However, PSB needs to reinvent itself to cater to individual interests across platforms. The document advocates for strong, well-funded PSM institutions that can sustain public debate through multimedia services in a digital environment.
Session 4 communication, power and technologyJuan Manfredi
The document discusses the relationship between communication, power, and technology throughout history. It states that communication and information have always been fundamental sources of both power and counter-power in societies. The digital age has extended the reach of communication media into all domains of social life through global and customized networks. This challenges traditional power structures as it enables new forms of networking power, network power, networked power, and network-making power. The rise of mass self-communication through social media and user-generated content further disrupts established power relations by allowing for unprecedented autonomy and horizontal communication networks among individuals.
The document discusses citizens' participation in media, focusing on public opinion programs on television and online comment features. It examines theories of participation, examples of participatory media formats, and a case study of a television program in Spain called Banda Ampla that incorporates audience participation and feedback.
(1) Television, radio, and newspapers dominated mass communication in the 20th century, but the rise of the internet has introduced networked communication as a new model.
(2) Networked communication is shaped by three forces: communicational globalization processes, new forms of mediation like self-mass communication and multimedia interpersonal communication, and different levels of interactivity.
(3) This new communicational paradigm is characterized by rhetoric based on moving images, new dynamics of accessibility and mobility, the social value of user-generated content, and the coexistence of different types of content and narratives.
To quote Swedish media scholar Oscar Westlund, news consumption is changing rapidly, and thus there is a need for continuous studies into its shifting nature. There is a need for both quantitative and qualitative research into how news consumption across media is transforming, among the public as well as among specific groups. Ideally, such research should attempt to study changes over time in different geographical contexts, or even better, making cross-cultural comparisons to create a more comprehensive understanding of contemporary news consumption. And an important part of such studies is focusing on how news consumption have gained a participatory and co-creative dimension: consumption is also about users sharing, spreading, commenting and even creating content that feeds into to the circuits of news production.
1. The document discusses the evolution of mass media research from the propaganda model to the critical cultural model which examines how people use media to construct their view of the world.
2. It also covers different types of media effects such as message, medium, ownership, and active audience effects and how they influence people.
3. The role of media in politics is discussed including resonance and competitive models of how campaigns affect voters and debates around media and political bias.
New media refers to digital media that are interactive and allow for two-way communication between users and producers. This includes websites, email, blogs, social networking, and virtual reality environments. New media is characterized as being digital, interactive, hypertextual, networked, virtual, and able to be simulated. It has transformed traditional media forms and allowed users to participate in media production and distribution in new ways.
Mass media has both positive and negative influences on society. Positively, it allows widespread communication of information and events. However, it can also distort or sensationalize information, and influence public opinion. The media promotes unrealistic ideals of beauty, wealth and success that impact teenagers. It also exposes youth to excessive advertising of junk food. While media coverage can raise awareness of issues, it also thrives on conflict and drama over long-term solutions. Overall, mass media is a powerful force that should be consumed carefully and critically by the public.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in mass communication including selective exposure, the narrative, media literacy, and the role of gatekeepers. It discusses how audiences tend to seek out messages that align with their beliefs and how media companies tell stories to engage audiences. Media literacy is presented as an important tool for citizens to critically analyze media content and their influence. The role of media in democracy versus consumerism is also debated.
Strategic communication in_the_new_media_sphereGiancarlo N B
This document discusses strategic communication in the new media sphere. Some key points:
- Traditional methods of strategic communication through media are not effective for communication through new media like social media, which allows for dialogue and feedback rather than one-way messaging.
- Successful strategic communication in new media requires participation beyond just professional communicators - it needs involvement from those executing policies and plans on the ground through new media.
- New media communication is an ongoing conversation, not campaigns, so it requires persistent engagement over time rather than short-term bursts of activity. Adaptation is needed as the narrative evolves continuously.
This document discusses the characteristics of different mass media including television, radio, newspaper, magazine, and outdoor media. It provides details on their advantages and disadvantages. Television is highlighted as having broad reach through combining sound, sight, and motion but also allowing for false news and ads. Radio can reach remote audiences in a cost efficient manner but has audio only and fleeting messages. Newspapers provide detailed information through various sections but have short life spans. Magazines are specialized with longer life but also longer lead times for ad placement. Outdoor media provides 24 hour coverage in a location-specific and cost efficient way but can face image problems.
Has new media democratised the production of media texts by shifting the control of media content away from large media institutions?
Has new media changed the way media texts are consumed and what are the social implications for this?
Has new media technology provided new cross-cultural, global media texts that communicate across national and social boundaries?
How active or interactive are consumers of new media and how significant is this in terms of power?
How has new/digital media impacted on traditional media productions and consumption?
To what extent does new media escape some of the constraints of censorship that traditional media encounters?
This presentation is a contribution to the definition of the New Media concept. Prepared by Ismail H. Polat. (Instructor in New Media Department @ Kadir Has University, Istanbul.
The document discusses different advertising media and factors to consider when selecting media for advertising campaigns. It outlines several types of media including print (newspapers, magazines), outdoor (posters, billboards), direct mail (circulars, business reply cards), and electronic (radio, television, internet). When choosing media, considerations include the target customer, communication objectives, budget, type of message, and the characteristics of each medium like coverage, lifespan, credibility. Print provides flexibility but short lifespan while outdoor has long lifespan but limited detail. Direct mail is selective but lacks mass coverage. Electronic media like radio and TV have wide appeal but messages have short lifespan and advertising can be expensive.
The document discusses the power and influence of the media. It notes that the media has historically been one of the most powerful forces and examines why this is the case. Specifically, it points to new communication technologies strengthening the media and the ability of media stories to directly influence people's minds. The events presented through media are intended to send positive or negative messages to communities. A variety of media formats are discussed, including television, radio, film, internet, and press/newspapers.
The document discusses the characteristics of new media. It identifies new media as digital, interactive, hypertextual, networked, virtual, and able to provide simulations. New media combines words, visuals, animation and allows for two-way interaction between users and content. This interactivity is a key difference between new media and traditional "old" media. Examples provided include social media sites that give users control and the ability to easily share content online.
Brief history of media-supported revolutionsTiziano Bonini
This document outlines the history of media-supported revolutions from 1517 to 2011. It shows how each revolution utilized the mass communication technologies of its time, from the printing press to social media. The 1968 Paris protests used leaflets and graffiti to spread their message. The 1999 Seattle protests coordinated through mailing lists and early internet platforms. And the 2011 uprisings in North Africa were powered by social media that allowed protesters to bypass state-run media and connect to global audiences.
This document outlines various software promotion schemes and rates on the ipott.com microsite. The Platinum scheme provides the most promotion opportunities, including a product page on the microsite for one month, news coverage, mailers, banners, interviews and displays at events. Lower tiers like Gold and Silver provide fewer promotional placements and opportunities. The document aims to help software companies understand promotion options and costs on the ipott.com platform.
The document traces the history of media-supported revolutions from 1517 to 2011, noting how each revolution utilized the mass communication technologies of its time:
1) The Protestant movement used the Gutenberg printing press in 1517.
2) The French Revolution utilized newspapers and leaflets in 1789.
3) The 1968 Paris protests tactically employed transistor radios and wall postings.
4) Social media like Twitter and blogs supported the 2011 uprisings in North Africa. Each revolution strategically adopted the newest media to spread their message and bypass institutional media.
This document provides information about setting up and using Google Chrome, updates to various school systems and resources for the upcoming school year. It includes instructions on setting up a Google Chrome account with the school domain, selecting homepage tabs in D2L, and importing course materials from previous years. Teachers are given an overview of changes to attendance tracking, gradebook access, absence requests and new systems like AESOP for substitutes and Classworks for supplemental lessons.
The concept of strategy: five Ps for strategyKenny Nguyen
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document highlights several iPad and web-based apps for use in K-12 classrooms to support student-centered learning and engagement. It summarizes the key features and uses of apps like Sentence Builder, Rocket Speller, Number Rack, Evernote, Skitch, and formative assessment tools using Google Forms. Links are provided for each app to learn more about its functionality and see examples. The goal is to showcase digital tools that can increase student achievement.
Basic Concept of Strategy & Strategic Management Djadja Sardjana
The document provides an overview of basic concepts in strategy and strategic management. It discusses key strategic questions around where a company is currently, where it wants to go, and how it will get there. The document defines strategy and explains that it consists of competitive moves and approaches used by managers. It also discusses the importance of strategy in providing direction and competitive advantage for a company. The document outlines different levels of strategy from corporate to business to functional strategies. It emphasizes that good strategy plus good execution is important for managerial and company success.
The document discusses several Agile methodologies including Scrum, XP, and UP. It provides an overview of each methodology, describing their core practices and differences. Scrum focuses on project management with short iterations and incremental delivery of working software. XP emphasizes engineering practices like test-driven development, pair programming, and refactoring. UP is an adaptation of the Unified Process for iterative development. The document compares Scrum and XP specifically and concludes that combining Scrum and XP can be effective.
The Listener as producer. presentation at Prix Europa 2013Tiziano Bonini
This document discusses how radio audiences have evolved over time from invisible listeners to visible, networked publics due to new technologies like social media. It outlines Walter Benjamin's vision of radio as a more participatory medium that reduces distance between broadcasters and listeners. The emergence of social networks has actualized this vision by making listeners visible and their opinions measurable. It has also changed relationships between broadcasters and listeners from hierarchical to more peer-to-peer by allowing two-way communication and connection on and off air. Listeners can now also connect with each other through supporting a radio program's social media presence.
Mass communication is defined as communicating information to large audiences via mass media such as television, radio, and newspapers. Mass communication messages have the potential to reach very large, anonymous audiences. The key elements of mass communication are the messages, media used to transmit them, and the audiences receiving them. Traditional functions of mass media include informing audiences, educating/socializing, entertaining, and persuading/interpreting information for audiences. Media informs the public about events and issues, educates on social norms and policies, entertains for relaxation and escape, and provides interpretation and context for information to persuade audiences.
Digital and Social Media The Root of Our ExistenceAs the list.docxlynettearnold46882
Digital and Social Media: The Root of Our Existence
As the list of mediated technology continues to grow, some argue that the traditional definitions of mass media and mass communication are no longer relevant in our society. Where does digital and social media fit into the scheme of things? Before we engulf ourselves in answering that question, let’s consider the state of media and mass communication today.
New Media, New Considerations
New considerations of what mass media are and what mass communication entails began to take shape during that later half of the 20th century. As early as the late 1960s with the development of computers, government and businesses were reaping the benefits of communicating to large amounts of people using technology and these new ways of were gaining a lot of attention. During the 1970s, computers were introduced to the individual for their own personal use and thus the revolution into new media began (Computer History Museum, n.d.). New media are those systems that have two characteristics in common--digital and interactive. While legacy media provided one-to-many communication with little to no feedback, new media are delivered in a digital format allowing the audience member to respond, often times immediately to the mediated message. These new media systems include, but are not limited to computers, the Internet, CD and DVD technology, and interactive video games. Portable and handheld media such as cell phones, smart phones, and netbooks have joined the ranks of new media providing the ability to deliver a variety of mediated messages on the go.
New media provide us with the capability of interacting with media and with others in real time over large network systems. These systems have allowed us to advance personally and professionally and have even paved the way for some major accomplishments in our society. However, their introduction has left us with the seemingly impossible task of redefining mass communication. The traditional definition of mass communication introduced in chapter one does not adequately describe our media environment today. That definition focused on one-to-many communication with the possibility of limited feedback. The audience was, in essence passive. With today’s media systems the audience has, and takes advantage of, the opportunity to be active an active participant in the mass mediated process.
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Given these factors some have presented new ways of looking at mass communications. Vivian (2009) describes it as a, “technology-assisted process by which messages are sent to large, faraway audiences”. This definition removes the restriction of a complex organization being the sender of the message. Biagi (2010) offers a similar definition of the concept describing mass communication as, “communication from one person or group of persons through a transmitting device (a medium) to large audiences or markets”. Still others have decided to abandon th.
Social Media for public administrations: opportunities and challengesAlessandro Lovari
My presentation at the European Project eCitizens II, event organized by Municipality of Bologna, Italy. My speech was about the role of social media for public communication, focus on the potentialities of these platforms for administrations. Moreover I also discuss some empirical outputs coming from some studies I did with some colleagues. In the last part I discussed the managerial implications and guidelines
11.the use of the car radio by nigerian drive time audiences an assessment of...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated how drive-time audiences in Nigeria used car radios during the 2011 general election. Specifically, it examined whether drive-time audiences received and were influenced by political information programs on the radio compared to other audiences. The study employed surveys including in-depth interviews and questionnaires of drive-time audiences. Key findings were that car radio was very helpful for drive-time audiences to stay informed about the political process and election, and that political information programs received via car radio influenced their decisions about political issues and candidates to a great extent.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MASS COMMUNICATION SHAMBHAVI.pptxShambhaviSharma66
Mass communication has several key characteristics:
1. It involves the transmission of common messages to large, scattered, and anonymous audiences through mass media channels.
2. The messages are disseminated rapidly and continuously over a wide geographic area.
3. There is typically one-way and delayed feedback from audiences to the message sender due to the impersonal nature of mass communication.
This document discusses different types of audiences for communication. It defines audience as those who receive messages through interpersonal, group, organization or public communication. Audiences can be individuals, communities, groups/organizations or media audiences. Media audiences are large and diverse, while groups/organizations share common goals and norms. The document also examines theories on how audiences interact with media, and different channels used for communication, including mass media, telecommunications and new media like social media.
The document discusses media usage and trends around the world. It notes that people in Malaysia, Thailand, and Hong Kong spend the most time each day using media (13, 12, and 12 hours respectively). It also discusses how the internet has changed marketing by allowing more targeted and measurable campaigns, and how various media like TV, radio, print, and outdoor media are combined in a media mix.
The document discusses media usage and trends around the world. It notes that people in Malaysia, Thailand, and Hong Kong spend the most time each day using media (13, 12, and 12 hours respectively). It also discusses how the internet has changed marketing by allowing more targeted and measurable campaigns, and how various media like TV, radio, print, internet, and outdoor media are combined in a media mix.
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Video streaming on the web as empowerment for video activistJoana Andrade
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This document provides an introduction to new media technologies and how they are changing the relationship between media texts and audiences. It discusses several key aspects of new media, including:
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Hi! Have a look at this great social media marketing dissertation sample. For more samples go to https://www.phdthesiswriting.biz/a-phd-of-social-media-marketing-dissertation/
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Public isn’t what it used to be: From Time to Reputation
1. Public isn’t what it used to be:
From Time to Reputation
Digital Etnography Week
Trento, 17-21 September 2012
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
2. networked are publics that are restructured by networked technologies (Boyd
publics 2011:41). These kinds of publics all share 4 fundamental affordances
that make them different from all the previous mediated publics:
Persistence means that in SNS the public’s expressions are automatically recorded and archived.
This means that feedbacks (opinions, feelings and comments) of every listener are public and since they can
remain on line for a long time they can also have a role in shaping the reputation of the radio station.
Replicability means that the content produced in networked publics is easily replicable.
Scalability in networked publics refers to the possibility of tremendous - albeit not guaranteed -
visibility. This means that, for example, unique listeners commenting and talking about a radio show on its social
network profile can reach a wide audience.
Searchability means that content produced by networked publics can be easily accessed.
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
3. a) Change in the publicness of publics (more visible, more audible)
The implant of SNS on the body of the radio medium renders the immaterial capital
made up by the listeners public and tangible. While until recently the
public was invisible to radio and was confined to its private sphere except in the case of
phone calls during a programme, today listeners linked to the online profile of a radio
programme are no longer invisible or private (as underlined by Gazi, Starkey,
Jedrzejewski, 2011), and the same goes for their opinions and emotions. And if
emotions and opinions are no longer invisible or private, they are
measurable. For the first time in Radio history, listeners are not only numbers:
their feelings, opinions and reputation are trackable and measurable through
netnographic methods (Kozinets 2010). To this end Arvidsson claims
that “the remediation of social relations that has accompanied the rise of consumer
culture has managed to transform the nature of affect, from something private or at least
located in small interaction systems, to something that acquires an objective existence as
a value creating 'substance' in the public domain. Social media have taken this process
one step further” (Arvidsson 2012:forthcoming).
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
4. b) Change in the speaker-to-listener relation
The new communication model that derives from the short-circuit between radio and social media is a
hybrid model, partly still broadcast, partly already networked. Radio is still a one-to-many means of
communication. However, telephone already made it partly a one-to-one medium (phone interview)
and many-to-one (open mic, phone talk radio); to this we have to add SNS, which are at once a one-
to-one (chat), one-to-many (tweets, FB notes or posts), many-to-many (FB Home, Twitter hashtags),
many-to-one (FB comments) kind of media. The mix between radio and SNS considerably modifies
both the hierarchical/vertical relation between the speaker/presenter and the public, and the
horizontal relation between each listener. Both types of relation are approaching a less hierarchical
peer-to-peer culture. New practices of
dynamic typical of
co-creation of contents.
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
5. c) Change in the listener-to-listener relation
Fans of a radio programme can establish links online, exchange public
comments on the programme’s wall, express more or less appreciation
for specific contents, exchange contents on their personal walls, write
each other private messages or chat with each other. The radio’s public
has never been so publicised. While before SNS the concept of radio
public was a purely abstract entity, which could be understood
sociologically and analysed statistically, today this public is no longer
only an imagined one (Anderson 1993). People who listen frequently to
a radio programme and are its fans on FB have the opportunity, for the
first time, to see and recognise each other, to communicate, to create
new links while bypassing the centre, in other words the radio
programme itself.
“The gatekeeping function of mass media is challenged as
individuals use digital media to spread messages much
farther and more widely than was ever historically
possible” (Gurak 2001).
While a radio public is an invisible group of people who are not linked together, the SNS
audience of a radio programme is instead a visible group of people/nodes in a network,
connected by links of variable intensity.
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
6. d) Change in the value of publics (a new social capital?)
This visible group of people/nodes/links is the most important new feature produced by the hybridisation between
radio and SNS. A radio programme’s network of friends/fans on SNS represents its specific social capital (Bourdieu
and Wacquant 1992). While the wider (and invisible) radio public, as charted by audience rating companies, still
constitutes the programme’s economic capital, the more restricted public of social media should in my view be
considered the real social capital of a programme, a tangible and visible capital.
If we consider the networked public that forms around a radio programme its bridging social capital, we can expect
this listener based network to produce, if not emotional and substantive support, then at least a certain amount of
benefits in terms of news, tastes, information retrieval, cultural trends, comments and reviews. If we observe the
SNS of the most popular radio programmes we will realize that this is already taking place: listeners anticipate/
continue on SNS a discussion on the themes introduced by the radio show, adding comments, contents, links,
references, quotations, suggestions. Moreover, the personal information and the public wall posts in the listeners’
SNS profiles can help radio producers to better understand who is hiding behind a comment or link, helping them to
assess the reputation of the listeners/producers and consequently decide if they can trust them or not. The
reputation (and trustability) of each single listener belonging to the network of a radio programme contributes to the
general reputation of that specific networked public, and, due to the transitive property, it constitues the
reputational capital of that radio programme.
Since on this stage radio producers and listeners can act at the same time as actors and audience, their reputation
(both the producer’s and the the listener’s) is continuously being evaluated by the networked public. It is therefore in
the radio producer’s interest to develop, nurture and take care of this reputational capital and to manage the
establishment of a high quality and highly satisfied networked public.
For radio makers, a wide network of friends/fans is of great importance for their future. Even if the fans' network
does not generate a tangible economic value like the radio audience already does, it nevertheless generates a great
reputational capital. The message of the SNS public of a radio programme is the network itself, because this network
is able to produce value. The value embedded in the networked public is not already convertibile into economic
capital, but the crisis of traditional mass advertising will lead to a future increase and refining of tools for the
capitalization of the wealth of networked publics linked to radio programmes and stations.
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
7. Crisis of value of listening time-based radio markets
average loss: -6% (Europe + USA)
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
8. Crisis of value of attention economy
The proof that the system of the economy of attention is increasingly in crisis can be found in
the figures of advertising revenues earned by the big media institutions. Mediaset, for example,
closed 2011 with -5.1% of advertising proceeds (at a national average of -4.2%), against a 26%
increase in the supply for commercials on its networks (as estimated by Nielsen 2012).
Increased advertising corresponds to lesser earnings, not only because the public is decreasing,
but most of all because this public is losing value.
Mainstream TV is dropping sharply (RAI and Mediaset together represented 89% of viewers in
2003, while today they are at 67%). Newspapers have lost 27% of their advertising revenues
in the last 5 years, while periodicals have lost almost 40% (Nielsen 2012). The same crisis is
being experienced by free-press newspapers and magazines: their public spends so little that it’s
not worth advertising with them.
The global economic crisis has certainly influenced this drop (whose trend continues to not be
positive) but during the same period, investments in advertising on the Internet have almost
doubled.
This general crisis of the value of traditional media has to do with the general crisis of the
value of the public of this media. The attention of millions of people who read newspapers,
watch TV series and listen to radio programs every day has less value today than it once did.
One minute of my attention is simply exchanged today at a lower price than it once was,
because it is supposed that I do not have the purchasing power necessary to convert my attention
into consumption.
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
9. VALUE = measure of listening time
From an attention economy:
Broadcasting era: attention time = value
a new emerging
paradigm
new emerging tools
of assessing listeners’ value
to a reputation economy:
Social network era: reputation = value
VALUE = measure of
general sentiment,
engagement, appreciation
rate, conversation rate,
amplification rate,
personal involvement
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
10. broadcasting + social media
attention + reputation = listeners value
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
11. political outcomes
- more productive publics
- quality (reputation) of a public more important than quantity
- Media have to take care of the quality of their public
- publics can influence public spheres and discourses
- publics can produce counter narratives
- every one is a medium, every one has its own public to nurture
economic outcomes
- more value for niche contents
- digital reputation of a public = digital reputation of a medium
risks
reputation wars; reputation corruption; privacy;
non-transparent parameters of rating reputation
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
12. Conclusion:
The VALUE of a certain
medium lies in the network of
listeners
that it is able to attract
Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012
13. tiziano.bonini@iulm.it
contacts
::: Academia :::
http://iulm.academia.edu/TizianoBonini
::: Audio/Radio :::
www.radiofactory.org
http://audioboo.fm/tizianobonini Tiziano Bonini - IULM University of Milan
domenica 16 settembre 2012