1. THE LEARNING PROCESS

2. LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS
 Skinner –
Previous
behaviour
required to
form new
thinking, feelings
and skills

3. LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS
Cole & Bruce
– Continuous
interaction
with
environment is
required

4. LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS
Crow and
Crow –
Required
active
process

5. LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS
 Smith –
Strengthening
or
weakening
results due to
experiences

6. LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS
 Wany –
Acquiring
change
requires
experience

7. LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS
Woodworth
– Activity
brings
alteration

8. LEARNING – EXPERTS VIEWS
Kingsley &
Garry –
Practice
produces
behaviour

9. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
Implies changes in:
Responses
Reactions
Thoughts
Conducts
Skills
Values

10. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
Dynamic –
(newness/
novelty)

11. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
Progressive –
(forward
heading with
added
effects)

12. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
Purposive –
(purposeful)

13. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
Gradual –
(systematic)

14. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
Will –
(determination)

15. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
Conscience
Process
- awareness

16. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
The prime
conditions are:
Readiness of the
student
Aptitude of the
student

17. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
The prime
conditions are:
Motivation
provided by the
teacher
Activity provided
by the teacher

18. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
The prime
condition is:
Participation
– working
together

19. LEARNING – GENERAL
EXPLANATION
Learning
Is relatively
permanent change
due to experience
and training and
results in skills,
cognition and
values

20. LEARNING - TYPES
– Rational/cognitive
Learning:
– Mental assimilation of
… in natural or
supernatural order.
Outcome is Knowledge
– Results in
conceptualization,
philosophical principles,
discovering application,
understanding
relationships etc.

21. LEARNING – TYPES (cont…)
 Motor/Muscular
Learning – Change
appears in the form of
skill
 Range covers : Typing,
handwriting, industrial
art, learning to play
music, muscular
responses, elements
of practice etc

22. LEARNING – TYPES (cont…)
Associative learning –
Any connection formed
in
learning where the
two ideas
connected are
attended together
as
parts of a continues

23. LEARNING – TYPES (cont…)
 Appreciative /affective
learning – Acquisition of feeling,
taste, emotion, will, values and
other aspects of social and
psychological development
gained through feeling rather
than intellectualization
 Range covers fine arts,
enjoyment of music, creative
works in art, taste for literature,
references for programs

24. LEARNING – GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Understanding
the learner is
basic

25. LEARNING – GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Next is the
choice of
methods

26. LEARNING – GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Training aid for
modeling is
next

27. LEARNING – GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Clear &
adequate
instruction is
next

28. LEARNING – GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Motivation and
simulation for goal
fulfillment are
essential

29. LEARNING – GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Participation based
teacher-student
positive relationship
is paramount

30. LEARNING - PRINCIPLES
Participation – For
motivation,
engagement and
reinforcement

31. LEARNING - PRINCIPLES
Repetition –
Fixing the change
in memory

32. LEARNING - PRINCIPLES
Relevance –
Meaningfulness
of the change

33. LEARNING - PRINCIPLES
Feedback –
Information to be
used as a base for
principle of
transference

34. LEARNING - PRINCIPLES
 Participation – For motivation, engagement
and reinforcement
 Repetition – Fixing the change in memory
 Transference – Matching the change with
the demand of the job
 Relevance – Meaningfulness of the change
 Feedback – Information to be used as a
base for principle of transference

35. LEARNING – TEACHER’S TASK
 Tackle difficulties in learning
 Discover better teaching methods
 Develop good study habits for student
 Natural assimilation of knowledge
 Motivate student for learning
 Make environment favourable
 Understand the aim behind teaching the
learning