The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT) as a transformative technology that addresses societal challenges, enhances living standards, and offers new business models. It outlines the architecture, deployment considerations, and trends of IoT, emphasizing its potential applications across various sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, and smart cities. Furthermore, it highlights the role of public authorities in governance, ethical considerations, and the challenges faced in IoT implementation.

1. The Internet of Things
The Next Big Thing on the Planet Earth!
iRam Technologies
Creating the Future! TM
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2. The Problem
Future for the next generations; Comfort for the present
Societal challenges
Health monitoring for aging people
Improving the living standards
Environment challenges
Global warming
Judicious usage of natural resources
Better quality, productivity and new business models
Improvements and consistency in quality and productivity
Insights into real-world in real-time leading to new businesses
Safety and security
Dissemination of vital information in real time
Safety and security of people with privacy
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3. The Solution
Internet of Things to bring the technology closer to the people
Internet of Things
Internet enabled objects that interacts with the environment
Provides insights into the real-world in real-time
Underlying technologies
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Datalink Layer
WPANs (e.g. IEEE 802.15.4), IPv6, CoAP
Physical Layer RFIDs, sensors, smart-handhelds and real-time web
A new paradigm in communication
Thing-to-person and vice versa
Thing-to-thing
The application scope
70 billion machines, only 1% are connected
Enables the next trillion connections
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4. System Architecture and Components
Simple, secured and scalable peer-to-peer two-way connectivity
Low-power, Low-range, Low-rate Backhaul
connectivity Management System
Internet
Edge Router
The Connected Things End User Applications
Designing for Reusability and Scalability is the key.
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5. Typical Characteristics of IoT Nodes
Limited capability; Specific functionality
Limited Processing Capacity
Typically 8-bit processors with clock rates around 10 MHz
16-bit and 32-bit cores (typically ARM7), at tens of MHz
Small memory capacity
Usually 4K or 8K bytes, may go up to 256K bytes
Low power
Normally battery-operated
Most of the times CPU will be in sleep mode
RF unit often have a current draw of about 10 to 30 mA
Low range
Typical range 10 meters, can reach over 100 meters in LoS
Low bit rate
Maximum over-the-air rate of 250K bit/s
In practice, few by bytes per minute or even per hour
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6. Deployment Considerations ...
Network considerations for the Internet of Things
Installation
Nodes can be scattered randomly or organized
The deployment can occur at once, or as an iterative process
Network size
One to thousands of nodes
Power source
Battery-powered or mains-powered or Hybrid solutions
Power harvesting from solar cells or other sources of energy
Connectivity
Always connected, intermittent, or sporadic
Traffic Pattern
Point-to-multipoint, multipoint-to-point, and point-to-point
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7. Deployment Considerations
Network considerations for the Internet of Things
Multi hop communication
Single hop may be sufficient for simple star-topologies
Multi-hop is required for mesh or tree topologies
Security
May carry sensitive information
Availability, integrity, and confidentiality need to be controlled
Mobility
Inherent to the wireless characteristics of IoT
Nodes could move or be moved or induced
Quality-of-Service
For mission-critical application QoS is mandatory
QoS support in resource-constrained nodes is a challenge
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8. The IoT Trends
The top trends being exhibited by the Internet of Things
Scale
The number of nodes would grow billions to trillions
IoT will be common denominator across the humans and things
Heterogeneity
Different types of nodes with different types of connectivity
Various types of information and applications
Horizontalization
Nodes may be participating in multiple applications
Provides a greater opportunity to develop variety of applications
Mobility
The objects are being more and more wirelessly connected
Some nodes may be attached to be carried by mobile entities
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9. The Diversity and Bridging
The role of IPv6 in building the Internet of Things
The diversity
App 1 App 2 App 3 App n
Incompatible hardware configurations
Incompatible CPUs and architectures
Incompatible memory footprints
TCP/UDP
Different types of operating systems
Different types of connectivity
IP/ICMP (v6)
Ethernet, ZigBee, HomePlug, IEEE 802.15.4, WiFi, PLC
IEEE 802.15.4 PLC Eth/WiFi 3G/WiMAX
IPv6 - Bridging the diversity
Open standards
Application Layer
Everything-over-IPv6-over-Everything
Unique and uniform addressing
Transport Layer
IPv6 Layer
Simple network architecture
Network Layer
6LoWPAN
Seamless web services
Datalink Layer
End-to-end security
Physical Layer
Existing resources and knowledge
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10. The Applications ...
For creating the future
Smart Grid
Enables smooth and efficient delivery of electricity
AMI, DSM, Green energy integration and energy management
Saves energy, reduces cost and increases reliability
Industrial Monitoring
To increase productivity, efficiency, and safety
Machine Surveillance, asset tracking and storage monitoring
Agriculture Monitoring
Accurate temporal and spatial monitoring
Reduced water, energy, and pesticide usage; Better productivity
Smart Cities
Sustainable urban development; Eco-friendly infrastructure
Water, land, skills and energy resources optimization
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11. The Applications
To bring technology closer to the people
Healthcare
Patient care in hospitals and at home
Tele-assistance for aging and rural citizens
Connected Home
Home safety, security, automation and control
Smart appliances and home entertainment systems
Telematics
Improvement of safety of transporting systems
Fleet management and traffic flow optimization
Safety and Security
Periodic monitoring of the architecture status
Emergency warning information,
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12. The Benefits of Internet of Things
Future for the next generations; Comfort for the present
Improved citizen's quality of life
Healthcare from anywhere
Better safety, security and productivity
New business opportunities
IoT can be used in every vertical for improving the efficiency
Creates new businesses, and new and better jobs
Economical growth
Billions of dollars in savings and new services
Better environment
Saves natural resources and trees
Helps in creating a smart, greener and sustainable planet
Improved competitiveness
Competitive in providing cutting edge products/services
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13. The Role for Public Authorities ...
The governance of the Internet of Things
Standards mandate
IoT System architecture and components
Standards to be used in the systems for interoperability
Object identification and information access
End-to-end addressing, Information access and security
Ethical and legal framework and stake holders accountability
Privacy and protection of personal data
A key for the acceptance of IoT
A mechanism is required for continuos monitoring
IoT as vital resource for economy and society
IoT will have wider impact on economy and society
Close follow up may be required
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14. The Role for Public Authorities
The governance of the Internet of Things
Public private partnership
IoT addresses wide societal problems
A good candidate for PPP, R&D and pilot projects
Institutional awareness
Challenges posed and opportunities provided by IoT
Bring awareness among government, industry and institutions
International dialogue
Many IoT system and applications can be borderless
Dialogue on architecture, standards and governance
Assessment of evolution
Monitoring the introduction of IoT related technologies
Assessment of their impact on the economy and the society
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15. The Challenges
IoT implementation challenges for research & development
Connectivity
Seamless connectivity with mobility
Scalability and performance assessment
Interoperability
Management system
Scalability - capability in handling millions of things
Object, device and service management
Easy-to-use location based management
Big data and applications
Information gathering, storage, analysis and inference
Applications, services, and business models
Security, trust, and privacy to protect data
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16. Bringing Technology Closer to You!
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Thank You
Syam Madanapalli
syam@iramtechnologies.net
+91 959 175 7926
Date: 4-May-2012
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