The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Mach one speed automotive engine (m1 sae)eSAT Journals
Abstract
An automobile engine is specially designed to liberate a particular amount of power at a required speed that in turn drives the automobile. Unlike the jet engines, whose main purpose is to provide thrust, the main purpose of the automotive engine is to produce torque which is required to run the automobile on ground. Higher is the torque lesser becomes the speed. Fighter jets equipped with turbojet engines can go fast enough to cross the sound barrier and can travel beyond mach one speed. But in case of automobiles it is quite impossible. Since a high torque is required to run the vehicle on ground the speed decreases. But keeping the required amount of torque constant if the power delivered by the engine can be increased beyond maximum the speed of the vehicle will increase. So, a special type of engine can be designed using suitable materials and calculated values that can drive a vehicle beyond mach one speed with the required amount of torque on ground called the Mach One Speed Automotive Engine (M1SAE).
Keywords— Engine, Mach one speed, Power, Torque, Speed, Cylinder, Piston, Connecting Rod, Crankshaft, Engine Operations
Design of Automated Rotory Cage Type Fixture for Cylinder BlockIJERA Editor
Project gives feasible solution to move and rotate the component with full proofing fixturing for special purpose operations like drilling, Tapping, deburring, washing, drying involve in manufacturing and assembly unit of industry. Rotary cage type fixture is made for handling the cylinder head inside the cleaning machine use for making fully ready component before assembly operation .System is useful to save time manpower and deliver perfect cleaned and dry component .system involved all the mechanical components along with the sensors used to restrict the rotating operations, stop and go operations etc.
Design Calculation of 1200W Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade for Rural Appl...ijtsrd
This paper provides to design 1200W horizontal axis wind turbine blade for rural application. The rotor blade is design to produce 1200W power output in order to install at Mandalay Hill of Mandalay City in Myanmar at rated wind velocity 7 m s. The rotor diameter is 2.303m and tip speed ratio is 5. The design process includes the determination of the blade airfoil, pitch angle and chord length distribution along the blade span. By using blade element theory, blade is divided into 10 elements with equal length forming 11 sections throughout the blade. This paper is intended for commercial wind turbine in rural applications. The wind generator can produce 1200W at wind velocity 7 m s. The use of wind energy for electricity is more economical than the conventional electricity generation. It is strongly recommended that the design prototype is economic and competitive for commercialization at any windy places in Myanmar. Zin Mar Chan "Design Calculation of 1200W Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade for Rural Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25328.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/25328/design-calculation-of-1200w-horizontal-axis-wind-turbine-blade-for-rural-applications/zin-mar-chan
A flywheel is a mechanical device with a significant moment of inertia used as a storage device for
rotational energy. Flywheels resist changes in their rotational speed, which helps steady the rotation of the shaft
when a fluctuating torque is exerted on it by its power source such as a piston-based engine, such as a piston pump,
is placed on it. The flywheel are different types such as solid disk, Spoke type, rim type, tapered type. In solid disk
flywheel type it is provided with hub and disk. Solid disk flywheels are less capable of storing energy. Then spoke
type flywheel are capable of storing more energy with greater moment of inertia than any other type of flywheel.
In this work solid disk, spoke type flywheel are designed by using CATIA software. The spoke type flywheel is
modeled with 6 spokes and 5 spokes with and without taper. Structural analysis and Modal analysis by using
ANSYS software is done to determine the stresses and frequencies respectively by considering the different
materials Cast iron, Aluminum Alloy 6061 & S-glass materials. From the above analysis, the better material for
the flywheel is determined.
Mach one speed automotive engine (m1 sae)eSAT Journals
Abstract
An automobile engine is specially designed to liberate a particular amount of power at a required speed that in turn drives the automobile. Unlike the jet engines, whose main purpose is to provide thrust, the main purpose of the automotive engine is to produce torque which is required to run the automobile on ground. Higher is the torque lesser becomes the speed. Fighter jets equipped with turbojet engines can go fast enough to cross the sound barrier and can travel beyond mach one speed. But in case of automobiles it is quite impossible. Since a high torque is required to run the vehicle on ground the speed decreases. But keeping the required amount of torque constant if the power delivered by the engine can be increased beyond maximum the speed of the vehicle will increase. So, a special type of engine can be designed using suitable materials and calculated values that can drive a vehicle beyond mach one speed with the required amount of torque on ground called the Mach One Speed Automotive Engine (M1SAE).
Keywords— Engine, Mach one speed, Power, Torque, Speed, Cylinder, Piston, Connecting Rod, Crankshaft, Engine Operations
Design of Automated Rotory Cage Type Fixture for Cylinder BlockIJERA Editor
Project gives feasible solution to move and rotate the component with full proofing fixturing for special purpose operations like drilling, Tapping, deburring, washing, drying involve in manufacturing and assembly unit of industry. Rotary cage type fixture is made for handling the cylinder head inside the cleaning machine use for making fully ready component before assembly operation .System is useful to save time manpower and deliver perfect cleaned and dry component .system involved all the mechanical components along with the sensors used to restrict the rotating operations, stop and go operations etc.
Design Calculation of 1200W Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade for Rural Appl...ijtsrd
This paper provides to design 1200W horizontal axis wind turbine blade for rural application. The rotor blade is design to produce 1200W power output in order to install at Mandalay Hill of Mandalay City in Myanmar at rated wind velocity 7 m s. The rotor diameter is 2.303m and tip speed ratio is 5. The design process includes the determination of the blade airfoil, pitch angle and chord length distribution along the blade span. By using blade element theory, blade is divided into 10 elements with equal length forming 11 sections throughout the blade. This paper is intended for commercial wind turbine in rural applications. The wind generator can produce 1200W at wind velocity 7 m s. The use of wind energy for electricity is more economical than the conventional electricity generation. It is strongly recommended that the design prototype is economic and competitive for commercialization at any windy places in Myanmar. Zin Mar Chan "Design Calculation of 1200W Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade for Rural Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25328.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/25328/design-calculation-of-1200w-horizontal-axis-wind-turbine-blade-for-rural-applications/zin-mar-chan
A flywheel is a mechanical device with a significant moment of inertia used as a storage device for
rotational energy. Flywheels resist changes in their rotational speed, which helps steady the rotation of the shaft
when a fluctuating torque is exerted on it by its power source such as a piston-based engine, such as a piston pump,
is placed on it. The flywheel are different types such as solid disk, Spoke type, rim type, tapered type. In solid disk
flywheel type it is provided with hub and disk. Solid disk flywheels are less capable of storing energy. Then spoke
type flywheel are capable of storing more energy with greater moment of inertia than any other type of flywheel.
In this work solid disk, spoke type flywheel are designed by using CATIA software. The spoke type flywheel is
modeled with 6 spokes and 5 spokes with and without taper. Structural analysis and Modal analysis by using
ANSYS software is done to determine the stresses and frequencies respectively by considering the different
materials Cast iron, Aluminum Alloy 6061 & S-glass materials. From the above analysis, the better material for
the flywheel is determined.
Material Selection of Crankshaft for 2C Diesel Engineijtsrd
Crankshaft is the main component part of an engine. The main aim of this thesis is to select the crankshaft materials with minimum Von Misses stress and displacement. That is considered material selection, theory and calculation of crankshaft for static load. The function of the crankshaft is to convert the reciprocation motion of the piston to rotary motion of the flywheel. If the crankshaft is suddenly deformable, the engine will not work. The type of the crankshaft is used for four cylinder, four stroke 2C Diesel Engine Light Truck , which is fully supported, multi throws, centre crankshaft. The compression ratio of this engine is 22.5. This thesis is mainly compared the Von Misses stresses and displacement of three different materials. As the crankshaft is subjected to complex bending, shear and twisting loads, it needs to be well designed quality material to withstand the high stresses. The total length of the crankshaft is 460 mm. The crankpin diameter is 50 mm and the main diameter is 56 mm. The crankpin length is 28 mm and the main journal length is 29 mm. In this thesis, crankshaft design is modelled and compared the simulation results with acting static load on the crankshaft by using AutoDesk Inventor software. In AutoDesk Inventor software, it is needed to apply boundary condition on the existing crankshaft for stress analysis report. The gas force acting on the middle of the crankpins is 44198.512 N. The combustion pressure was used to calculate the gas force acting on the crankshaft and modelled the geometry of crankshaft. Finally, Carbon steel will be selected because it has minimum Von Misses stress and displacement. Ei Cho Cho Theik | Khaing Zar Nyunt | Hnin Yu Yu Kyaw ""Material Selection of Crankshaft for 2C Diesel Engine"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25171.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/25171/material-selection-of-crankshaft-for-2c-diesel-engine/ei-cho-cho-theik
Design and Manufacturing of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Power Generationijtsrd
Vertical axis wind turbine uses a radically new approach to capturing wind energy. The device captures the energy of wind and converts it into mechanical form. As the wind bypasses over a turbine blades, the energy will be transferred to the alternator which will exert the force in the down ward direction. These forces are transferred by the belt and pulley arrangement to the battery. The alternator connected is convert wind energy to mechanical energy. Naturally, the design of such device is completely different from a traditional turbine. in horizontal axis wind turbine we use blades, generator and gear which increase the cost of project by 20 of equipment cost. VMWT puts the technology at the very low range of capital intensity for such projects it also makes it highly competitive not only against generations of alternative or renewable energy, but even compared to conventional technologies. This project increases the efficiency than HAWT. Prof. Gaffar G. Momin | Shubham Pawar | Chandrashekhar Patil | Pallavi Deore | Hrushikesh Jagtap "Design and Manufacturing of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Power Generation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31679.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31679/design-and-manufacturing-of-vertical-axis-wind-turbine-for-power-generation/prof-gaffar-g-momin
Performance Evaluation of 830kW Wind Turbine and an Analysis of Various Param...Rohan Raibagkar
The project aimed at
1) Understanding the performance of wind power project of 830KW
2) Determining system reliability (Grid availability, Machine availability, System availability) and
operating hours of the wind conversion system from the data obtained at site
3) Analyzing the effect of various parameters like velocity, blade length, temperature, pressure, air
density on the power generation of a wind turbine
4) Forecasting or Predicting the performance of the wind turbine generators based on the above
parameters
This analysis can be used to existing sites which are nearby the above evaluated wind power project for Maximizing power generation
It helps us to understand effect of various parameters viz. air density, air pressure, air temperature, blade length, velocity on the power generation
According to the results, there is a high effect of air characteristics on the mechanical power.
The environment’s parameter has a massive effect on the generated power, which will lead the researchers to concentrate on it with highest priority
Complete one year data was used for the analysis of the wind power project
Results were executed using Matlab
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This project aim is to produce electricity using the concept of rotating wind turbine. Wind caused by moving train is used to generate electricity. The idea is to design wind turbine that can be installed between the slippers on the track. As a train passes by, wind pressure drives the turbine to generate the electricity, this device could be placed along railway line and make good use of waste resources. An electrical power generation system comprises of variable capacitors and power sources. Power sources is used in the form of generator to prime variable capacitor that effectively multiplies the priming energy of power source by extracting energy from passing vehicle
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFT IN SINGLE CYLINDER PETROL ENGINE CRANKSHAF...ijiert bestjournal
The crankshaft is also referred as crank. It is responsible for conversion between reciprocating
motion and rotational motion. In a reciprocating engine, it translates reciprocating linear piston
motion into rotational motion. In a reciprocating compressor, it converts the rotational motion
into reciprocating motion. Here the failure of crankshafts for two wheelers mostly occurs in the
crankpin. Thus the crankpin is an important component that mostly decides the life of the
crankshaft. The crankshaft considered here is of Pulsar 180 DTSi. It is a petrol engine crankshaft
made from Alloy steel 41Cr4.Abnormal sound was heard in crankshaft while it is in operation. It
was identified as failure of crankshaft. Severe wear has been observed at crankpin bearing
location where the oil hole is provided. Here the analysis of the two wheeler crankshaft is done.
Its results are then compared and verified numerically, then by the use of ANSYS software. The
results compared here are Von Mises Stresses and the strain occurring on the crankshaft.
Cyclic Life Establishment of First Stage Compressor Blade - Aircraft Jet EngineIJERA Editor
In this project an attempt is made to identify the cyclic life, modal efficacies for assessing the life that is declared
by the Original Engine Manufacturer. Using the Goodman diagram and knowing the mean stress of the blade for
all rpm conditions.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Material Selection of Crankshaft for 2C Diesel Engineijtsrd
Crankshaft is the main component part of an engine. The main aim of this thesis is to select the crankshaft materials with minimum Von Misses stress and displacement. That is considered material selection, theory and calculation of crankshaft for static load. The function of the crankshaft is to convert the reciprocation motion of the piston to rotary motion of the flywheel. If the crankshaft is suddenly deformable, the engine will not work. The type of the crankshaft is used for four cylinder, four stroke 2C Diesel Engine Light Truck , which is fully supported, multi throws, centre crankshaft. The compression ratio of this engine is 22.5. This thesis is mainly compared the Von Misses stresses and displacement of three different materials. As the crankshaft is subjected to complex bending, shear and twisting loads, it needs to be well designed quality material to withstand the high stresses. The total length of the crankshaft is 460 mm. The crankpin diameter is 50 mm and the main diameter is 56 mm. The crankpin length is 28 mm and the main journal length is 29 mm. In this thesis, crankshaft design is modelled and compared the simulation results with acting static load on the crankshaft by using AutoDesk Inventor software. In AutoDesk Inventor software, it is needed to apply boundary condition on the existing crankshaft for stress analysis report. The gas force acting on the middle of the crankpins is 44198.512 N. The combustion pressure was used to calculate the gas force acting on the crankshaft and modelled the geometry of crankshaft. Finally, Carbon steel will be selected because it has minimum Von Misses stress and displacement. Ei Cho Cho Theik | Khaing Zar Nyunt | Hnin Yu Yu Kyaw ""Material Selection of Crankshaft for 2C Diesel Engine"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25171.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/25171/material-selection-of-crankshaft-for-2c-diesel-engine/ei-cho-cho-theik
Design and Manufacturing of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Power Generationijtsrd
Vertical axis wind turbine uses a radically new approach to capturing wind energy. The device captures the energy of wind and converts it into mechanical form. As the wind bypasses over a turbine blades, the energy will be transferred to the alternator which will exert the force in the down ward direction. These forces are transferred by the belt and pulley arrangement to the battery. The alternator connected is convert wind energy to mechanical energy. Naturally, the design of such device is completely different from a traditional turbine. in horizontal axis wind turbine we use blades, generator and gear which increase the cost of project by 20 of equipment cost. VMWT puts the technology at the very low range of capital intensity for such projects it also makes it highly competitive not only against generations of alternative or renewable energy, but even compared to conventional technologies. This project increases the efficiency than HAWT. Prof. Gaffar G. Momin | Shubham Pawar | Chandrashekhar Patil | Pallavi Deore | Hrushikesh Jagtap "Design and Manufacturing of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Power Generation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31679.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31679/design-and-manufacturing-of-vertical-axis-wind-turbine-for-power-generation/prof-gaffar-g-momin
Performance Evaluation of 830kW Wind Turbine and an Analysis of Various Param...Rohan Raibagkar
The project aimed at
1) Understanding the performance of wind power project of 830KW
2) Determining system reliability (Grid availability, Machine availability, System availability) and
operating hours of the wind conversion system from the data obtained at site
3) Analyzing the effect of various parameters like velocity, blade length, temperature, pressure, air
density on the power generation of a wind turbine
4) Forecasting or Predicting the performance of the wind turbine generators based on the above
parameters
This analysis can be used to existing sites which are nearby the above evaluated wind power project for Maximizing power generation
It helps us to understand effect of various parameters viz. air density, air pressure, air temperature, blade length, velocity on the power generation
According to the results, there is a high effect of air characteristics on the mechanical power.
The environment’s parameter has a massive effect on the generated power, which will lead the researchers to concentrate on it with highest priority
Complete one year data was used for the analysis of the wind power project
Results were executed using Matlab
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This project aim is to produce electricity using the concept of rotating wind turbine. Wind caused by moving train is used to generate electricity. The idea is to design wind turbine that can be installed between the slippers on the track. As a train passes by, wind pressure drives the turbine to generate the electricity, this device could be placed along railway line and make good use of waste resources. An electrical power generation system comprises of variable capacitors and power sources. Power sources is used in the form of generator to prime variable capacitor that effectively multiplies the priming energy of power source by extracting energy from passing vehicle
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFT IN SINGLE CYLINDER PETROL ENGINE CRANKSHAF...ijiert bestjournal
The crankshaft is also referred as crank. It is responsible for conversion between reciprocating
motion and rotational motion. In a reciprocating engine, it translates reciprocating linear piston
motion into rotational motion. In a reciprocating compressor, it converts the rotational motion
into reciprocating motion. Here the failure of crankshafts for two wheelers mostly occurs in the
crankpin. Thus the crankpin is an important component that mostly decides the life of the
crankshaft. The crankshaft considered here is of Pulsar 180 DTSi. It is a petrol engine crankshaft
made from Alloy steel 41Cr4.Abnormal sound was heard in crankshaft while it is in operation. It
was identified as failure of crankshaft. Severe wear has been observed at crankpin bearing
location where the oil hole is provided. Here the analysis of the two wheeler crankshaft is done.
Its results are then compared and verified numerically, then by the use of ANSYS software. The
results compared here are Von Mises Stresses and the strain occurring on the crankshaft.
Cyclic Life Establishment of First Stage Compressor Blade - Aircraft Jet EngineIJERA Editor
In this project an attempt is made to identify the cyclic life, modal efficacies for assessing the life that is declared
by the Original Engine Manufacturer. Using the Goodman diagram and knowing the mean stress of the blade for
all rpm conditions.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
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Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish Caching
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
||Volume|| 2 ||Issue|| 10 ||Pages|| 74-79 ||2013||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
Design and Development of an Engine-Driven Blower for
Charcoal Furnaces
1
Okechukwu, C., 2Dauda, M., 3Enebe, K. O., 4Oloyede, O. T., and
5
Nwagu, M. U.
1, 2, 4
Advanced Manufacturing Technology Programme, Jalingo, Nigeria.
3
Scientific Equipment Development Institute, Enugu, Nigeria.
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Taraba State Polytechnic, Jalingo, Nigeria.
-------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------Towards providing an alternative source of air-supply for charcoal furnaces, instilling ergonomics in
charcoal foundries and increasing the productivity of small foundry enterprises, an engine-driven blower has
been designed, developed and tested. Pro-Engineer software was used in geometric modeling, analysis and
assembling of the parts. The impeller-shaft subassembly was converted to an equivalent shaft of equal mass and
predetermined diameter. Design analysis yielded the torque and power requirement of the impeller-shaft
assembly which were used to select GX-160 Engine. Cost of the blower can be reduced by lowering the frame
height and attaching the impeller to the engine shaft. Also, the design methodology can be used in designing
blowers for other applications.
Keywords: Foundry, Engine-driven blower, Charcoal fired furnaces, Ergonomics, Productivity
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 19, October, 2013
Date of Acceptance: 30, October, 2013
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I.
INTRODUCTION
Production of metals has dominated known manufacturing processes. These techniques include:
casting, forging, machining, welding, rolling, etc. Casting or founding remains the bedrock upon which the other
techniques depend on. „Casting‟ means the pouring of molten metal into a mould, where solidification occurs
[7]. At the core of the foundry processes is the melting of metals, which often involves the supply of air into the
furnace to achieve combustion. Methods of supplying air to metallurgical furnaces include: pneumatic system,
bellow system, hand-driven blowers, motor-driven blowers and engine-driven blowers. The reluctance in the use
of charcoal furnace by small foundry enterprises is a direct result of lack of reliable economical means of
supplying air to the furnace. Charcoal fired furnaces are one of the cheapest furnaces which have
metamorphosed from bellow through manual rotary blower to electric motor-driven bower systems. The
unreliable power supply in Nigeria for electric motor-driven blowers and the fatigue associated with the handdriven blowers necessitated the thought of providing an alternative blowing system for charcoal foundries. The
charcoal fired furnace is usually used for aluminium recycling towards production of cooking utensils in local
small scale aluminium casting foundries [2].
Familiarization trips to local charcoal foundries in Nigeria showed that much man-hours are wasted
during firing as one labourer is dedicated to driving the rotary blower. This reduces the energy required by this
employee for casting and invariably lowers the labour productivity of the enterprise. The reliance on manual
blowers for air supply in small foundries in Nigeria is due to the epileptic power supply for energizing electric
motor-driven blowers. The scope and objectives of ergonomics is “designing for human use and optimising
working and living conditions” [10]. Productivity may be defined as the optimum utilization of all the resources
of organization: men, money, materials, machinery, energy, space and technology, etc. Output per employee per
hour, in all phases must be maximized. The manufacturing enterprise must constantly strive for higher
productivity. Two of the major resources that should be optimally planned are: human resources and equipment
[8]. Hence, the need for an alternative source of air supply that will increase the convenience of use, enhance
safety, reduce stress and fatigue, improve quality of work life and increase productivity through ergonomical
supply of air in charcoal foundries cannot be overemphasized.
www.theijes.com
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2. Design and Development of an Engine-Driven Blower for Charcoal Furnaces
The objectives of this project include:
(i) To develop an alternative source of air-supply to charcoal furnaces;
(ii) To instill ergonomics in charcoal foundries;
(iii) To develop a simple method of selecting engines for engine-driven blowers;
(iv) To increase the productivity of small foundry enterprises.
II.
METHODOLOGY
The method of engine selection was based on the following conditions: (i) Mass of the impeller-shaft
subassembly can be converted to an equivalent shaft of equal mass; (ii) The angle of twist of the impeller-shaft
assembly equals 10; (iii) Equivalent torque of the impeller-shaft subassembly should be less than the engine
torque; (iv) Power required by the impeller-shaft subassembly is less than the power output of the engine to be
selected; (v) The same size of pulley is used on the impeller shaft and the engine shaft to ensure minimal
deviation from the engine torque and speed.
2.1 Geometric modeling and analysis of the impeller-shaft subassembly
Pro-engineer software was used in drawing, assembling and determining the mass properties of the
impeller-shaft subassembly as follows:
Fig.1: 2D and 3D geometric models of the impeller-shaft subassembly
An impeller is a wheel (or rotor) with a series of backward curved vanes or blades [6]. A shaft is a
rotational member, usually of circular cross section, used to transmit power or motion. It provides the axis of
rotation, or oscillation, of elements such as gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and the like and controls
the geometry of their motion [9].
Table1: Mass properties of the impeller-shaft subassembly
Parameters
VOLUME
SURFACE AREA
AVERAGE DENSITY
MASS
Values/Units
1.8340908e+05 MM^3
2.1435932e+05 MM^2
7.8500000e-09 TONNE / MM^3
1.4397613e-03 TONNE
Result of the analysis in Pro-Engineer software showed that the mass of the impeller-shaft
subassembly equals 1.44kg, approximately. Notice that, the average density of the subassembly equals
7850kg/m3 [1], because they are made of steel.
2.2 Conversion of the impeller-shaft subassembly to an equivalent shaft
Let the mass of the impeller-shaft subassembly, m = 1.44kg; Diameter of the equivalent shaft, d =
0.015m; Density of steel, ℓ = 7850kg/m3 [1]; Volume of the impeller-shaft subassembly,
= 1.834 x 10- 4m3;
Equivalent length of the shaft of equal mass as that of the impeller-shaft subassembly, =?
Let the volume of the cylindrical equivalent shaft,
L can be determined from equation (1) using Excel spreadsheet as shown in table2:
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3. Design and Development of an Engine-Driven Blower for Charcoal Furnaces
Table2: Determination of the equivalent length in Excel spreadsheet
d (m)
0.015
d2 (m2)
V (m3)
L =4V/πd2 (m)
0.000225
0.0001834
1.03769715
Hence, the equivalent length, L, is approximately 1m.
2.3 Determination of the twisting moment of the impeller-shaft subassembly
The torque or twisting moment of the equivalent shaft is given by the equation
Where, θ is the angle of twist (radian); G is the modulus of rigidity (N/m2); L is the equivalent length of the
impeller-shaft subassembly;
is polar moment of inertia of the impeller-shaft subassembly (m4).
0
Let θ = 1 = π/180 = 0.0175 (rad.), Modulus of rigidity of steel, G = 8.0 × 104 N/mm2 = 8.0 x 10-2 N/m2 [4], L =
1m.
4.97 x 10-9 m4
Substituting the values of G, θ, , and L into eqn. (2), yields
T = 8.0 x 1010 x 0.0175 x 4.97 x 10-9/1 = 6.96Nm.
2.4 Power transmitted by the impeller-shaft subassembly
The power, , transmitted by the impeller-shaft subassembly can be determined from the expression
Considering the fact that charcoal does not require much air to glow and the length of travel of the air via the
inlet pipe, we use the revolution per minute (RPM) of the impeller-shaft assembly, N = 2000 RPM.
Substituting the values of N and T into equation (4), gives
= 2 × π × 2000 × 6.96/60 = 1457.70W
2.5 Power required to drive the impeller-shaft subassembly
Using a power tolerance of 500W, the power, , required to drive the impeller-shaft subassembly can
calculated as follows:
= 1457.70 + 500 = 1957.70W
But, one horse-power (hp) equals 746watts, hence, = 1957.70/746 = 2.62hp.
2.6 Selection of the engine for driving the impeller-shaft subassembly
Notice that, the torque exerted by the belt on the driver pulley = (T1 – T2) r1 [5], equals the torque exerted on the
follower pulley = (T1 – T2) r2 [5], because the same size of pulley was used as driver and follower. Where T 1 (N) and T2 (N)
are the tensions in the tight side and slack side, respectively; r 1 (m) and r2 (m) are the radii of the driver and follower pulleys,
respectively.
Selection of the engine was based on torque, power required, RPM and fuel consumption. GX-160 engine was
selected based the parameters shown in table3 below:
Table 3: Engine selection parameters
Parameter
Torque(Nm)
RPM
Power(hp)
Impeller-Shaft Subassembly
6.96
2000
2.62
GX-160 Engine
10.80
2500
5.5
The fuel consumption of the engine as specified by the manufacturer is 290g/hp-hr.
2.7 Development of the engine-driven blower
The blower was developed with locally available materials and driven by 5.5hp GX-160 engine. Equipment and
tools used during the development processes include: Measuring tape, scriber, plywood and nails as compass, try square,
punch, hammer, ruler, vice, hacksaw, filing machine, diesel engine, arc welding machine, spanner, screw driver and razor
blade. Due to the unavailability of small journal bearings, bearing housings were improvised for the bearings. Table3 shows
the lists of materials and development processes used in making the engine-driven blower.
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4. Design and Development of an Engine-Driven Blower for Charcoal Furnaces
Table4: Materials used and development processes for parts/subassemblies
S/N
1
Parts/ Subassembly
Impeller Housing and Cover
2
Impeller-Shaft
3
4
5
Discharge Pipe and Holder
Base Frame
Blower-Base Frame
Materials Used
2mm-Mild Steel Sheet, M8-Bolts and Nuts,
Paper Gasket and Blue Gum
2mm-Mild Steel Sheet, ø20mm-Ribbed Steel
Bar
Same as in 1 above
45mm × 3mm-Angle Iron
M8-Bolts and Nuts, Improvised Journal
Bearing
Development Processes
Marking, Cutting, Welding,
Filing, Gluing and Fastening
Marking, Cutting, Welding and
Filing
Same as in 1 above
Same as in 2 above
Marking, Drilling, Welding and
Fastening
2.8 Drawings and pictures of the developed engine-driven blower
Fig. 2: Trimetric drawing of the engine-driven blower in Pro-Engineer software
Fig. 3: Third angle projection of the engine-driven blower
Fig. 4: Isomeric drawing of the blower-charcoal furnace assembly in Pro-Engineer software
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5. Design and Development of an Engine-Driven Blower for Charcoal Furnaces
Fig. 5: Engine-driven blower being tested with an improvised charcoal fired furnace
Fig. 6: Picture showing molten aluminium and water-cooled air inlet pipe
III.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Results
On completion of the development stage of the engine-driven blower, a charcoal furnace was
constructed to ascertain the functionality of the blower. Additionally, light melting aluminium scraps from can
drinks and heavy melting aluminium scraps from cars and motorcycle were used to test run the blower.
Production of aluminium pulleys was achieved using the blower, also. The results of the firing process are as
shown in table4.
Table5: Results of the firing tests and production carried out with the engine-driven blower
Firing No.
1
2
3
Quantity of Aluminium Scrap Melted (kg)
4.0
2.5
11.0
Firing Time (min)
40
20
55
While firing no. 1 was carried out with light melting scraps, firing no. 2 and 3 were achieved with heavy melting
aluminium scraps.
3.2 Discussion
The firing time per kilogram of melted aluminium decreased from 10min./kg, through 8min./kg to
5min./kg for firing no. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The high firing time per kilogram recorded in firing no.1 can be
attributed to the time spent in removing excessive slag generated by the aluminium cans from the furnace. Firing
no.2 was a test run carried out with heavy melting aluminium scrap, while firing no. 3 represents actual
production with the blower. A difference of 3min/kg between firing no.3 and 2 can be ascribed to the high
temperature of the furnace achieved from the first melting down, which lowers the time for the melting of
subsequent scraps.
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6. Design and Development of an Engine-Driven Blower for Charcoal Furnaces
IV.
CONCLUSION
Considering the outcome of the design calculations, engines of capacity 2.62hp and above can be used
to drive the impeller-shaft subassembly. Benefits of the use of the developed engine-driven blower include:
reduction in the energy expended in driving the blower as the alternative air supplier can work faster and longer
with low maintenance cost. The heat conducted to the blower was reduced with a water tank that cools the air
inlet pipe and a long insulating hose to minimize metal to metal heat conduction to the blower. Though, the
method adopted in this paper seeks to simplify the design method of selecting engines for engine-driven
blowers, it can be used in the design of blowers for other applications. It is pertinent to discharge the water in
the tank via the tap when it starts boiling and replace it before firing continues. However, the cooling water did
not boil during the highest firing period of 55 minutes. Also, the hose should be removed after firing to prevent
it from melting by convectional heat backflow from the furnace. The developed blower can sufficiently supply
the amount of air required to keep the charcoal glowing and melt non-ferrous metals. More so, the discharge rate
can be varied by adjusting the engine throttle.
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