Art Movements and Interaction in Interior Architecture with the Approach of Contemporary Architecture Davood Navabi Asl١, Alireza Bavandian٢, Taghi Tavousi٣, Foroogh Ghaforian Khames Fard٤ davood.navabi@gmail.com Abstract Art in the twentieth century has been innovated and evolved more than previous centuries. So as in contemporary art, the artist's individual influence has surpassed the influence artist's work and the artist is the focus of attention, whereas in the old art, the artist's work was influential and also the artist's works were formed based on peoples tastes. But today, by focusing on the artist, people's tastes have been pushed aside and the artist's feeling has been emerged. Absence of art work in interior building creates contradiction with human who favors art. The created space should have artistic features or could place art works inside to the best of manifestation in order to be able to interact with cognitive ability of human. This point can also be insisted on that nature inventory of interior space is designed for human and without interior space; the building appears like a great statue. Art movements formed in recent decades have caused that new needs will be felt whether for displaying works in a particular environment or integrating the space and art work; in a wider environment, the created interior space can be looked at as an art work in the prevailing art movements.

1. ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬»‫ﺷﻬﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬«
National Conference on Applied Researches in Civil engineering, Architecture and Urban planningnd
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Art Movements and Interaction in Interior Architecture with the
Approach of Contemporary Architecture
Davood Navabi Asl١
, Alireza Bavandian٢
,
Taghi Tavousi٣
, Foroogh Ghaforian Khames Fard٤
١- Ma in Architecture, Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, Zahedan Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
٢- PhD in Art Research, Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Zahedan, Iran
٣- PhD in Climatology, Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, Zahedan Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
٤- Ma Student in Architecture, Department of Architecture, College of Engineering, Zahedan Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
davood.navabi@gmail.com
Abstract
Art in the twentieth century has been innovated and evolved more than previous centuries. So as in
contemporary art, the artist's individual influence has surpassed the influence artist's work and the artist is
the focus of attention, whereas in the old art, the artist's work was influential and also the artist's works
were formed based on peoples tastes. But today, by focusing on the artist, people's tastes have been
pushed aside and the artist's feeling has been emerged. Absence of art work in interior building creates
contradiction with human who favors art. The created space should have artistic features or could place
art works inside to the best of manifestation in order to be able to interact with cognitive ability of human.
This point can also be insisted on that nature inventory of interior space is designed for human and
without interior space; the building appears like a great statue. Art movements formed in recent decades
have caused that new needs will be felt whether for displaying works in a particular environment or
integrating the space and art work; in a wider environment, the created interior space can be looked at as
an art work in the prevailing art movements.
Keywords: Interior Architecture, Art Movements, Perception of Space, Contemporary Art, Architecture
Styles.
١. INTRODUCTION
Meanwhile the emerged art movements have been a tool for artist's assertiveness and consolidation.
Contemporary art has been increasingly away from its appearing decorative function and wants to affect the
audience and to attract the audience [٦], [٧]. This trend is due to a growing need of artists to be different and
ostentation which grows every day. This developing process needs to attract audiences more than everything
in artist confrontation for being expressed and established. Some artists have developed their art work in this
contemporary phenomenon and advanced to a point that their art process purpose is to disrupt the peace of
mind and shock the audience. The contemporary art has the advent of a variety of art works which all of them
share a kind of brutal attempt to create fear and mental tensions in audience [٢].
The developed process of contemporary art and emerging new schools of philosophy and architecture has
put the contemporary architecture in line being consistent with art movements more than ever. The
contemporary architect in this phenomenon has also created the shock in audience when exposure with it or
is in the building. Each interior architecture work can be related to one of art movements and in contrast each
art works can be related to one of the architectural schools. The main issue is that the manifestation of art

2. ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬»‫ﺷﻬﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬«
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movements and architectural styles essentially are published from a common resource and each with its
unique tools and features advances to the intended goals together [٣], [٥].
٢. ART MOVEMENTS
Art movements are either artistic styles of trends or artistic actions which are formed under influence of
cultural, social, economical evolutions or other factors and cause a group of artists to think and perform
similarly for a while [١١]. These movements can be short term or relatively stable depending on the
foundation or their emerging and developing fields and may be more common in a particular region and in
one kind of art or influence a large part of the world globally. Most of art movements have emerged in the
late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Art movements have statements and manifestations for greater
influence on shaping history of art and architecture. In this phenomenon a lot of maxim is given to launch
this movement, such as purism and structuralism [٨], [٩].
The authors are to investigate the emerged art movements in the field of architecture and their influence
on interior architecture; therefore it went on to study art movements in contemporary architecture. Art
movements in architecture can be divided into two general headings of modernism art movements and art
movements after the modernism era.
٣. MODERNISM ART MOVEMENTS
Modernism: modernism has changed traditional values and created a new revolution in the work of art.
Modernism is concerned with a specific cultural and aesthetic styles attended with art movements. That
began in the early twentieth century and dominated on various arts until the second half of this century. This
term is very complicated; because on the one hand it refers to philosophy and culture of modern era and on
the other hand it covers movements of art history in the one hundred years between ١٨٥٠ and ١٩٥٠.
In ١٨٨٥, a shop opened in Paris named New Art which its interior design had been done by Belgian
architect, Henry van de Velde. This shop was awarded to a name of a style which seek to develop new bulks
and forms rather than mimicking the past. New art movement emerged in Europe at the height of authority of
historicity style like neoclassical, romantic and eclectic. This movement considers attention to time
technology and foresight. Although decorations were used excessively in this style, it is a subcategory of
modern architecture [١٥].
Art movements in modernism era include expressionism, constructivism, purism, rationalism,
functionalism and brutalism art movements.
٤. EXPRESSIONISM
Expressionism is a comprehensive art movement that emerged in about ١٩٢٠. Expressionism application
is limited to a specific movement in modern era. Expressionists were the first artists who paid attention to
children's art. This movement developed in Germany more than all other countries and influenced literature,
theater, cinema, music and architecture. However expressionism placement in art movements of modern era
has some contradictions with modernity, but for a special perspective that is given to expressionist art, we
have put it in art movements of modern era. With the advent of expressionism, the interior architecture of
buildings which are made to this style has the unique characteristics in expressing concepts. Intense colors
were used more in interior space and injustice against the existing order raised in architecture. Irregular
shapes with fantastic effects were formed in interior architecture of building in which power of expression
and beautiful bulks were used in its interior design and is derived from expressionism art movement, can
refer to Sydney Opera building.

3. ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬»‫ﺷﻬﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬«
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Figure١. Sydney Opera, Australia.
٥. ART MOVEMENTS AFTER MODERNISM ERA
Art movements after modernism era include structuralism, metabolism, post modernism, neorationalism
and deconstructivism art movements.
٦. METABOLISM
Metabolism or mixed orientation is an artistic movement which its origin dates back to the early sixties.
The emerging origin of this movement was Japanese architecture who gathered for growing society needs
postwar. Metabolism architecture is derived from geometric shapes and mathematical formulas, that in
addition to reflecting the electronically life of modern era does not forget Japanese traditional ways of life.
Metabolism appears the modern interior space in harmony with terms such as: symbiosis, communications,
technology and information. The border of public and private spaces is disappeared and for example listening
to radio in street which is a private affair takes place in public. This art movement has principles in contrary
to post modernism art movement [١٧]. With the advent of such cultures, borders of public and private spaces
are disappeared and interior space has become consistent and homogenous.
٧. POST MODERNISM
Post modernism is referred to an extensive evolution process in critical attitude to philosophy,
architecture, art, literature and culture which arose from the heart of modernity and in reaction to it [١٩].
Post modernity is a concept that refers the historical era after modernity. Anthony Gaudy, Spanish architect
was the most creative architect of postmodernism style. He believed that in nature there is no direct line. He
is considered to be the father of postmodern and also his works are source of inspiration for postmodern
architects. Postmodernism architecture has followed paying attention to culture, traditions and history and
with this approach; the created interior spaces have been brought by the use of diverse materials mixed with
community art and local art.
Richard Meier says in an article written about describing Frank Lloyd Wright: nature offers white color
and we can see and understand other colors. White color has also the feature that can create an ambiguous
space conceptually which can be interpreted as a smooth surface and as an endless null and boundless.
Geometric forms and light have the power to provide unexpected results. Range of meanings and perception
is very extensive from the creator to the observer. This interpretation may be different in plan and form but
their effect of presence and power of penetration is undeniable [١٨].
In this interpretation Richard Meier makes sense of using white color as a result of creating ambiguous
spaces and smooth surface. However he continued that understanding and perception of people of space is
varied and each individual achieves understanding the space based on his experiences and knowledge.
Unexpected results and creating an ambiguous space conceptually hides Richard Meier's artistic work in
creating interior space. Richard Meier's architecture is considered as white postmodern architecture because
of using white color in building.

4. ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬»‫ﺷﻬﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬«
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Figure ٢. Richard Meier's Use of White Color in Getty Complex, Los Angles.
٨. DECONSTRUCTIVISM
This art movement remained as a theory because of executive problems and structural problems that were
very difficult to solve. In the early nineties of the twentieth century, with advances made in science, the
architects could run complicated bulks that they designed. At present, more complicated forms and bulks of
architects have been complicated more than before and they are applicable due to scientific advances. From
interior architecture works indicator of deconstruction style and one which all features of deconstruction can
be seen in, we can refer to Jewish museum by Daniel libeskind. The spirit of space in deconstruction
architecture is non-homogeneity and inability to understand the space, creating a paradox in space, lack of
clarity in stating the goal and opacity in the dominant space. Thus, in deconstruction architecture, the interior
space is full of contradictions and instabilities that makes it difficult to understand [١٢].
Figure ٣. Part of Interior Space of Jewish Museum, Berlin, Germany. Architect: Daniel Libeskind.
٩. ART WORKS AND INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE
Architecture cannot be separated from other trends that happen in the world because of passage of time,
developments, comprehensive advances and events and make a single comment about it. The human being
cannot live without communication. Every living person regularly achieves information from his life
environment through his senses and investigates them in brain. Facing an object, if our imagination is active,
we search the meaning of the object in its underlying idea. Then always a new typology is obtained from a
novel idea [١].
Absence of art work in interior building creates contradiction with human who favors art [١٠]. The
created space should have artistic features or could place art works inside to the best of manifestation in order
to be able to interact with cognitive ability of human. This point can also be insisted on that nature inventory
of interior space is designed for human and without interior space; the building appears like a great statue
[١٣], [١٤], [١٦].

5. ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬»‫ﺷﻬﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬«
National Conference on Applied Researches in Civil engineering, Architecture and Urban planningnd
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When we combine the space with art works then the created space has superior characteristics compared
to spaces with less art works [٤]. Certainly, the goal is not to form an interior space with art works but to
convey emotion to the audience by form, light and color as Richard Meier did by white color in architecture
and interior architecture. In such an established atmosphere, interior spaces without art works cannot have
anything to say; however these art works can be in small dimensions like snake charmer statue done by
Alison Saar or with dimensions of ٣.٠٥ to ٨٦.٢٢ meters done by Sam Gilliam which named horizontal
expansion.
Figure ٤. Snake Charmer Statue, Alison Saar.
Figure ٥. Horizontal Expansion, Sam Gilliam.
١٠. CONCLUSION
In such an atmosphere that old foundations have been broken and each artist has created a special style
and follows it, artistic needs have also increased and a new view to art has been established. Interior
architecture influenced by and inspired from its contemporary art movements has advanced and created a
variety of phenomena for interior spaces. Art movements formed in recent decades have caused that new
needs will be felt whether for displaying works in a particular environment or integrating the space and art
work; in a wider environment, the created interior space can be looked at as an art work in the prevailing art
movements.
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6. ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬»‫ﺷﻬﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ،‫ﻋﻤﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ‬«
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