The Importance Of The Achievement Gap

The Importance Of The Achievement Gap
When there is a significant and constant imbalance in the academic performances or educational
requirements the achievement gap is created. Schools are not working hard enough to minimize or
close the achievement gap. The achievement gap can differ from school to school, district to district,
and community to community and have numerous different influential factors that cause the
achievement gap. The achievement gap can be created from standards and requirements students are
needed to fulfill, a family's income or districts wealth, and students receiving poor education. Each
of those issues that create the achievement gap have a solution. In today's educational system there
is standards and requirements that a student has to fulfill. Tri–City United High School graduation
requires students to have a total of forty eight credits to graduate. Of those forty eight credits a
student needs, thirty six of the credits go towards the required credits and twelve elective credits. As
a student you are required to take these classes whether you want to or not. According to Peoria
Unified School District the graduation requirements at Cactus High School in Arizona is twenty
eight credits. Cactus High School also has special classes a student needs to take to be able to met
the graduation requirements. For example, in a high school you are required to take a science, math,
english, and history class. A student may excel in history but not in math so then they struggle to
achievement the requirements. This shows how students may be deprived from their education
because of their struggle. If the student that does not excel in math they may receive a low grade in
the class which ultimately affects their grade point average. This is called the ripple effect and can
occur with any circumstances. There is always going to be an achievement gap between students
because of the educational differences. In the educational system there will always be requirements
or certain standards a student needs to fulfill. A solution that may help to minimize the achievement
gap between students is to offer students more choices or shape the requirements to their own
learning style. For example, if a student decides to further their post
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Gap Analysis: The Achievement Gap
The Achievement Gap There has been a pattern of minorities and those who come from low–income
families testing lower than their white, higher–class counterparts. This pattern of disparity is called
the achievement gap and it is one of the main focuses of education reform in the United States
today. There have been many reforms that have been pushed to help close this gap, but it still
remains substantially wide. Researchers have discovered different factors that may be causing the
gap as well as offering solutions to the issue at hand. Many factors can lead a student to have an
academic disadvantage, but some of the main reasons include class and race. It is noted that on
average, students with college–educated parents are twice as likely

Unequal Education In The United States
Education can be looked upon as the greatest key to unlock the hidden treasure known as success.
Education expands and grows human intellect to extents that allow the performance, execution, and
achievement of an individual to be at its peak. Nevertheless, throughout history, this glorious tool to
enlightenment has not been shared equally amongst men. We see that throughout the decades, some
were administered proper education, while other received unequal education or none at all.
Currently, there are many plans of action implemented to correct this dilemma in the United States,
but there is still an educational gap that exists. Research demonstrates that in 2015 Iowa had the
highest graduation rate of 90.8%, while the District of Columbia ... Show more content on
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The U.S. Department of Education regulates all educational policies in the country, allowing this
group to have substantial control in the growth and development of the youth. Throughout the years,
many have seen that there have been many educational inequalities that have lingered, causing many
students to lose out on potential opportunities to receive secondary education or job opportunities.
However, as of recently, there is a new act to fix this dilemma. On December 10, 2015, President
Barack Obama passed the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). The purpose of this act is to develop
the youth better so that the achievement gap that students face can begin to shrink. ESSA is more
effective than the other implementations, such as the No Child Left Behind Act, because creates
standards for students to reach and monitors their progress as they develop. This ensures
accountability and that students are making progress throughout the years to close the achievement
gap that exists. Also, ESSA gives federal aid to schools with students who come from low income
families (ESSA). With this program, the educational gap may begin to shrink as students are now
given more resources to better

Higher Education And Racial Disparities
Jack Rhea & Mike Markes
Jim Scheidhauer
LSP 120
8 March 2015
Higher Education and Racial Disparities in United States
Racial disparity has been a hot topic lately in America. After the election of President Barack
Obama, some have dubbed the United States a "Post–Racial" America. While some Americans
believe that race is no longer an issue, the numbers show that the idea of a post–racial America is a
myth. It is understood that in order to prosper in America, an education is essential to success. But
the racial disparity permeates even the education system. The color line divides us still. In recent
years, the most visible evidence of this in the public policy arena has been the persistent attack on
affirmative action in higher education and employment. Racial minorities, particularly Blacks and
Hispanics, appear to be prospering more in America, that is to say they are enrolling in college and
earning more money than in past years. While opportunities for non–Asian minorities have
increased in America, whites still have more opportunities to succeed financially than minorities,
due to more educational opportunities.
Table 243: U.S. Census Bureau, "Educational Attainment in the United States: 2013 – Detailed
Tables," <http://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education/>, accessed February 2014.
As the graph above displays, students in the United States have made notable gains in academic
achievement over the past 45 years. However, the racial achievement gap remains due to not

Achievement Gap Of Native Americans
Bailey Mahler
Professor Parent
Social Anthropology
12 December 2016
Achievement Gap of Native Americans in the United States
The oppression of people is often thought of as a political inequality. There are various forms of
oppression. The forms of oppression typically thought of are violence and exploitation. However, as
a society America does not see the oppression created by a lack of education that happens
throughout schools. Education is a tool required for societies to advance. Lack of advancements
caused by this oppression has the ability to stunt a community. Without proper education, Native
Americans cannot leave this vicious cycle of oppression they face. (Congress, Chairman Rokita
2015). Native Americans are known to have the highest unemployment rates as well as the highest
poverty rate. They are also known as the most educationally oppressed race in America. (U.S.
Census, 2012a, 2012b). The achievement gap of Native Americans continues to widen, as the
achievement gaps between other races decrease. Other forms of oppression, such as the government
oppression in education, oppression of wealth (monetarily and resources) in education, and cultural
oppression in education all contribute to the achievement gap of Native Americans. However, there
are various solutions arising in attempt to lessen the Achievement Gap.
The Achievement Gap is a term that represents the difference of academic success in certain groups
of students such as race, gender, and

The Importance Of Equal Access To Education
In the United States we are blessed that all children have the right to receive equal access to
education. However, despite educational initiatives at the federal, state, and local levels and even
though students should have an equal opportunity to education regardless of their gender or ethnic
background, they do not. The disparities in academic performance by these groups is demonstrated
in the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) which is the "largest national
representative and continuing assessment of what America's students known and can do in various
subject areas" (NEA, 2015). Students who are not Caucasian and females score below their fellow
classmates across various academic exams. According to the NAEP (2015), students from ethnic
groups other than Caucasian, scored lower in science and math, with males scoring higher than
females. While the trends in NAEP show that some of the gaps have narrowed over the last decades,
a report by McKinsey & Company (2009) describes how the education achievement gap imposes a
permanent economic recession on the United States as well as "lower earnings, poor health, and
higher rates of incarceration."
In the 2000 census, U.S. population reporting their race and ethnicity as something other than non–
Hispanic white, was 30.8%. This percentage rose to 36.2% in 2010 with the Hispanic population
experiencing the largest growth at 43% rising from 35.3 to 50.5 million in a decade (U.S. Census
Bureau, 2011). The percentages

Literature Review On White African Americans
The review of research literature conducted by Robinson, Keith, and Angel L. Harris identifies
various factors that seem to contribute to the White–African American achievement gap. Racial
differences in parenting practices seem to account for a significant portion of White–African
American achievement gap even after controlling for socioeconomic status. This is an indication,
through the suggestion of findings that White parents have the likelihood of engaging in practices
that relate to academic achievement, compared to the African American parents, which includes
such practices as involvement in school activities, warmth sensitivity, and monitoring as well as
engaging children in decision–making activities. White students also have the likelihood ... Show
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They emphasize that "parenting styles for African Americans might be direct results of their
experiences as a subordinate group in the United States (1349)," which is to say that parental input
contributes to students inadequate achievement gap, especially for the black students. A study
conducted for controlling parenting styles as well as demographic factors eliminated the
achievement gap between White and Black students and found that this is to be the case or one
academic outcome –language and literacy skills in ratings. This, they identified was because of the
different measures of education, because the study used slightly differing measures for parenting
styles, including indicators which reflected the way that parents talk to their children about school
experiences, school work, activities among others. Variables such as these, which capture parent–
student interaction, contribute to the response of inadequate achievement. In addition, it also helps
children from different social backgrounds to develop an orientation towards

Education Inequality In Education
The Key to Oppress: Education Inequities and The Urban State of Achievement Jessica J.
Stephenson Wayne State University In the race for supremacy, the oval–arching strategy stands to
"Make Education Great Again". The nostalgic endorsement seeks to bring back the beloved
American Dream. Reminiscent of the past, the vision for a better future reflects a tradition notorious
for peaceful homes with white picket fences and protesting whites with picket signs. Despite the
nation's progress in civil rights and compulsory laws, the widening achievement and income gap
between races and classes mirrors an ugly truth. Education in America has never been great.
Education inequality is a social problem that has existed since its introduction in American society.
While access to quality education is an attainable reality for the white majority, it is an urban legend
for low–income minorities enacted by federal, state, and local government. This paper will examine
the fundamental determinants of educational deficiencies and low academic performance in urban
K–12 education. Furthermore, it will evaluate the implications of politics on intergenerational social
mobility, specifically among black students. SOCIAL CONDITION The term "achievement gap"
refers to the difference in academic performance and education attainment among students. More
specifically, it describes how "white students and students from wealthy, well–educated families
have consistently

Whistling Vivaldi : The Achievement Gap In Our Schools
Final In our modern day society the achievement gap in our schools have been affecting certain
ethnic groups because they haven't been getting much attention from teachers or their parents.
Having a fixed mindset can be one issue that many students go through, knowing they can't do
nothing about it. However, ever there are many ways to close the gap to increase one's intellectual
learning ability. Many students struggle because maybe there are being targeted by stereotype threat
which is mentioned in the book, Whistling Vivaldi how stereotypes affect us and what we can do By
Claude M. Steele. He talks about many students get affected in school because of stereotype threat
afflicted upon the student which causes many students to under perform and create a bigger
achievement gap for his or herself, but many students can use this as motivation and stereotypes to
perform better in assignment and tests. Which is known as a growth mindset. Low–income families
have to put their kids in poverty school which can can them and their future. The achievement gap is
measured by educational performances by gender and ethnicity. It is a well known fact that affluent
families tend to do better than families with low income, the gap between the educational gap
between the rich and the poor have been growing substantially growing wider. Not just only the rich
and poor also the hispanics, whites and blacks. This causes a crack in the educational system in the
United States. The

Phoenix Youth Achievement Research Paper
The Phoenix Youth Achievement Program The Phoenix Youth Achievement Program is long term
program that provides low income Phoenix Hispanic youth the opportunity and support they need so
they are able to obtain a high quality education that will allow them to achieve college and career
goals in their future as well as be provided with the opportunity to embrace their home culture,
language and country. The Phoenix Youth Achievement program will provide the support, resources,
tools, opportunities, networking, and academic experiences from pre–kindergarten to their senior
year that will allow the student to achieve a quality education. The PYAP will also help the students
prepare for their college and career goals. In addition to helping achieve ... Show more content on
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This program will also address and stop providing a foundation in our education system where we
push the Hispanic population away from their culture and allow our schools to practice the de–
Mexicanization process. (Valenzuela, 2005). It is important that we embrace all cultures to support
and encourage diversity and find ways to better our education system. The need for this program is
crucial, Patricia Gandara explains in her article, Special Topic/The Latino Education Crisis, that the
Hispanic population is the fastest growing minority in the United States and educational youth
population but are the most poorly educated of all the main racial groups in the United States.
(Gandara, 2010). She also explains in her article that the US Census Bureau estimates that by the
year 2021 one in four students in the United States will be of Hispanic descent. (Gandara, 2010). An
article from the Pew Research Center written by Mark Lopez, explains

Achievement Gap In Education Essay
Introduction When most people think of achievement gaps they generally think about how outside
sources factor in, such as one's socioeconomic background, race or ethnicity, language barriers, and
disabilities. Unfortunately, for students with disabilities, there is more than just one category they
can fall into when discussing achievement gaps. Students with learning disabilities are generally
diagnosed in the areas of literacy and/or numeracy. However, students are not typically diagnosed
with a learning disability until they reach grade three. How can school systems help to close the
achievement gap when comparing students with disabilities to their non–disabled peers? What
policies have been implemented and how have they helped students ... Show more content on
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"The most frequently identified class of disabilities among students in public schools in the United
States is learning disabilities (Lyon, Fletcher, Shaywitz, Shaywitz, Torgesen, Wood, Schult, and
Olson, 2001)." I focused my research on students with learning disabilities because this category is
the most represented category within public schools. I wanted to provide a full picture as to how
public schools have reached this pinnacle point to close achievement gaps for students with
disabilities. The criteria I considered when selecting my research were articles that focused on the
progression of policy change for students with disabilities. I want to create the picture that ever
changing litigation presents different challenges for students with disabilities. I guided my research,
not just based on the law, but how the achievement gaps of numeracy and literacy affect students
with learning disabilities. I reviewed journal articles that suggested ways to help close the
achievement gaps through early identification, intervention, and prevention. Research supports not
needing to wait for a diagnosis of a disability to receive early interventions. I wanted to keep my
research fairly general in that each student with a learning disability is unique and different in their
own right. I wanted to provide suggestions that would benefit more students than

The Education Of African American Children
Introduction
Ever since the establishment of equal education in the United States, there has been a disparity in
academic success between children of different races. The education of African American children
has become a prime example of this. As discussed in the historical text, A Letter to My Nephew,
which was written during the time of the civil rights movement in the 1950's and 1960's, African
Americans were not given equal opportunities to succeed educationally and could do little to change
their futures for the better. They had to work much harder than whites to receive even a portion of
the recognition and success that whites achieved (Baldwin 1). Although many today believe
America has overcome this problem, it still remains a pressing issue in many aspects of society,
arguably the most important being education. The racial achievement gap, an important term to
familiarize with when discussing this topic, refers to the disparity in educational performance
between students of different races (National Education Association 1). As of now, although the
education achievement gap has been narrowing, there still remains a large disparity between African
Americans and their racial counterparts. According to a study by Roland G. Freyer and Steven D.
Levitt, professors at Harvard University and W.E.B Du Bois Institute, respectively, African
American students enter kindergarten already significantly behind children of other races, and their
test scores continue to drop

The Segregation Of The Achievement Gap
The Camouflaged Segregation of the Achievement Gap in the United States Education System The
first public school in the United States opened in Boston in the year of 1821. By the end of the 19th
century, public secondary schools began to outnumber private ones. Nevertheless, the education
system started with many flaws. One of the biggest problems of the public educational system is
that, although it gave the less advantaged an opportunity to learn, it did so in a segregated way.
When we talk about the segregation of the past, everyone seems to agree that it was a real problem.
However, when someone say the schools are still segregated today, many people (from advantaged
social groups) would disagree. One thing to keep in mind is that, desegregation is not limited to
having multiracial schools with students of color sitting next to white students. Desegregation goes
beyond the school scope and family and community cultures also play an important role. To make
things worse, the education system is having several problems on achieving its mission of preparing
the youth to succeed personally and professionally. According to experts, the achievement gap
shows how big those problems are. In order to understand why the achievement gap is related to
today 's segregation, we need to understand what achievement gap is. The best definition of
achievement gap, describes it as the difference in educational proficiency between students who
come from high or middle class white families,

The Assistant Principal Of An Elementary School
The assistant principal of an elementary school was giving Pedro A. Noguera, the executive director
of the Metropolitan Center for Urban Education, a tour when he noticed a young black boy standing
outside his office. The man pointed to the boy and declared, "You know, there's a prison cell in San
Quentin waiting for that boy." Shocked, Noguera inquired about what the school was doing to help
the eight–year old. Noguera discovered that the boy would be suspended and his schoolwork
delivered to his house weekly. The assistant principal explained, "I can't allow one kid to take up so
much of my time that I end up ignoring the needs of others" ("Introduction" xxii). Sadly, what this
boy experienced is not uncommon. From a young age, black students are not expected to succeed. In
a 1962 letter, James Baldwin tells his nephew that he was "not expected to aspire to excellence" ("A
Letter"). This detrimental assumption, along with the neglect and marginalization that the boy
experienced, create a racial achievement gap before students are given the chance to succeed. There
is a clear achievement gap between black and white students in the public school system of the
United States due to a high concentration of nonwhite students being taught by less qualified
teachers with a lack of resources. However, through teacher collaboration, student–teacher trust,
mixed–level classrooms and communication with parents, the achievement gap can begin to be
narrowed.
The racial achievement gap

Achievement Gap
Achievement Gaps in the United States are tough to define. Currently academia is focusing on racial
and ethnic gaps and might be overlooking a subtle fact. There is a trend in ongoing research that
shows many of lowest achieving students hail from a low socioeconomic status. Before addressing
the racial gaps in achievement, educators must look towards better understanding the effect that low
SES has on students. After knowing how much SES impacts achievement, educators and researchers
will be better able to address racial achievement gaps without biased factors manipulating their data.
Articles by Rolf K. Blank, a case study performed by the Washington Board of Education, and an
article by Victoria Risko and Doris Walker–Dalhouse will explore ... Show more content on
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By offering their students well–constructed response to interventions, the staff at Crownhill started
customizing their students' education. By having a competent principal, effective teachers, and
district support, Crownhill has effectively started targeting students' weakness and tailoring
curriculum to help fill those deficits. As a result, their students with higher deficits have started
showing an amazing amount of improvement. This is causing their student body to have a smaller
and smaller gap between the achievement of their high and low income

No Child Left Behind Failure Analysis
"Upon the education of the people of this country the fate of this country depends," remarked
Benjamin Disraeli. In the United States of America, we need to focus on education to prepare the
next generation for leadership. Unfortunately, the U.S. has a widening socioeconomic status–based
achievement gap (Huang, 2015, p. 1). This means that not all children are receiving the same quality
of education they deserve, thus our country is not adequately preparing them for their future. In spite
of the belief that all schools are adequately funded and all students have the same opportunities for
success, the American government should increase funding for the education of children from low
socioeconomic backgrounds to eliminate the achievement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
America can close the gap by empowering students from low–SES families, giving them the same
opportunities as their peers. Though U.S. dollars will be spent in effort to better education, the
money will not be wasted–educated adults give more back to the economy than their less successful
counterparts. Money is already being spent on the cause, but by reallocating those funds into slightly
different places, the funding could result in successful rather than failed programs. Funds are a
major player when it comes to quality of education; just because one cannot afford an education
does not mean he or she does not deserve

The Global Achievement Gap
This generation of students are called unmotivated, and unwilling to learn. Many gaps won't allow
educators to educate these students adequately. The global achievement gap which "is the
performance of our students who are economically disadvantaged or who come from low–income
backgrounds compared to our middle–class students" (). Many factors attribute to this achievement
gap, but two main factors that have to attribute are assessments achievement and negative views of
low–income students. These two factors are highly responsible for contributing to the achievement
gap in the United States. Two Factors Performance assessments are having many issues towards the
students learning and their motivation. They are tested so much with just memorizing

Achievement Gap In Education
Introduction
"The socioeconomic achievement gap in education refers to the inequality in academic achievement
between groups of students. The achievement gap shows up in grades, standardized test scores,
course selection, dropout rates, and college–completion rates, among other success measures"
(Ansell, 2017). Typically, when discussing the achievement gap, educators are comparing the
academic progress of African–American students or Hispanic students to the progress of white
students. More–often–than–not the white students will have more educational achievements than
their non–white colleagues (Ansell, 2017). The most widely accepted theory as to why students with
higher socioeconomic status (SES) do better academically is high parental involvement, access to
economic resources and access to highly qualified teachers (Huang, 2015. Pg.6). Students of low
socioeconomic status often live in poverty. This means that the student may not have sufficient
school supplies or even someone at home to help him with his homework. There are numerous
children in the United States' school systems that are failing due to the achievement gap. These
students are at a disadvantage because the school systems and teachers do not notice or even care
about their home life and how it comes into play in their education. It is important for our nation to
not only understand the achievement gap but take steps toward correcting it.
Historical Overview
The Equality of Educational Opportunity Report

The Achievement Gap Is Difficult For Children
The achievement gap is difficult for children just entering school because the bar has already been
set to where some of those children are going to land. At the age of three, children of people with
careers have vocabularies that are nearly 1.5 times greater than those of working class children, and
nearly double the children whose families are on welfare." This statistic shows that even children at
the age of three experience the achievement gap because of their own home life. It is imperative to
reduce or eliminate the Achievement Gap in the U.S. To do this we must identify the problem,
balance and control the funding, increase our teachers' abilities and explain the benefits of closing
the gap permanently. "The achievement gap is an aperture of educational measures between the
performance of groups of students, especially groups defined by socioeconomic status, ethnicity and
gender" (Valerie, http://www.teachability.com/). The imbalance in test scores is a key factor in
closing the gap. Presently minority students score lower than European Americans on grammar,
pronunciation, literacy and mathematics test on graded test work and on test that measure scholastic
aptitude and intelligence. Not only is there a gap in the United States, there is an international gap as
well. The average fifteen year old is put to shame when compared to their international counterparts
in other industrialized countries. Even scores from the best performing state (Massachusetts)

Analysis Of No Child Left Behind
The No Child Left Behind Act was to be President George W. Bush's signature legislation coming
into Office. After being delayed by the 9/11 Terror attacks, the act received wide bipartisan support
and was passed into law. Its purpose was to "close the achievement gap with accountability,
flexibility, and choice, so that no child (was) left behind" ("One Hundred Seventh Congress of the
United States of America" 2008). In addition, "No Child Left Behind (aimed to continue) the legacy
of the Brown v. Board decision by creating an education system that (was) more inclusive,
responsive, and fair" ("A Guide to Education and No Child Left Behind–– Pg 13" 2007). Essentially,
they were aiming to improve education with a problem definition amounting ... Show more content
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This is completely counter to how the federal government has traditionally left education in the
hands of the state and local governments. Another way that Bush could have defined the education
problem is that, "compared to the rest of the world, the United States is falling behind in education
rankings." Just before NCLB was put into place, "Test scores (earned by American students in a
1998 international study were) much worse than the marks that American elementary and middle
school students...earned on similar international exams in the past two years" (Sanchez 1998).
America had a less homogenous society in terms of wealth, language, and socioeconomic
background compared to many of the top performers like Finland and Japan ("A Profile of Student
Performance in Mathematics" 2004). This explains the emphasis on closing the gap rather than
catching up to other countries.
Many alternatives were considered when NCLB was being fine–tuned. The following were all
included in the final draft

What Are The Similarities Between The Us And Texas...
1. Compare and contrast the Texas state constitution with national constitution. In 1789, the United
States Constitution established rules for the nation. The states created constitutions to define the
United States Constitution to limit the power of Congress. Texas last updated their constitution in
1876, which is still used today. Although the constitutions have similar content, they vary in many
aspects such as the Texas Constitution has plural executive powers that allow the division of
executive government. For example, the commissioner of agriculture associated with the chief
executive but their position allows a balance of interests in consumer and environmental protection.
Furthermore, if the executive government wanted to abuse the ... Show more content on
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In the Texas Constitution, there are seventeen articles in total and the first one being the Bill of
Rights. On the other hand, the United States Constitution has seven articles; the first articles discuss
the legislative powers. Although, Texas and the national constitution have similarities such as the
protection and order of the citizens; they also have differences which is the structure and features of
the constitution. In conclusion, the Texas and national constitution have a time gap for their latest
upgrade, and it is utilized to create a good society in the country. In the United States Constitution,
the guidelines are broad which allows the states to interpret the guidelines for their consideration.
Although it may seem that the politicians are interpreting guideline by their will, it is not thoroughly
true. As a democratic country, the people elect the representatives that allow them to speak on their
behalf. Therefore, it is not only the politicians who interpret the laws but the people as well.
2. In debates about public education, what is the "achievement gap?" What policies have been
implemented to address this

Inequality Between Education And Education Essay
Inequality in Education
Money Matters
The United States had gone through so many changes over the years and with each change we could
say that we have become a better nation. Along the way to becoming a better nation, we have gone
through highs and lows; however there seems to be a constant low that is now taking a toll on our
children. The low may also end up having an effect on our future and that low is inequality in
education among minority races and low income students. Low income students should be
concerned with inequality in education in the United States because this means that their chances of
continuing their education to obtain a better paying job in the future is significantly harder to do
then students in higher income brackets.
The education gap has been a long standing issue through the years in the United States. A study
showing that over the past 50 years some causes of the education gap attribute it to income and the
inequality amongst the races (Reardon 91). One event that we can associate with the difference in
the education gap is the segregation of the races in the 1950's and 1960's. Blacks and whites lived in
segregated areas, received different services and worked different jobs with different pay that
created a gap in income. Since the majority of blacks were living in lower income areas receiving
lower incomes and attending schools that provided inferior education, they were also subject to
inequality in income achievement (Reardon 103). We

The Socioeconomic Status And Parenting Essay
I received a few advices for my paper from my peer. First, he thinks my work is more like an
informative paper than an argument paper. I add more my views and thoughts for this final draft.
Second, my peer thinks I need to add a clearer thesis statement. I did use "the socioeconomic status
difference is the key causation" as my thesis, but I guess it is not clear to my audiences. I want to
prove that socioeconomic status difference is the main causation of achievement gap in this paper.
He also point out that he could see why parenting is important for the kids, but it is hard to tell the
connection between socioeconomic status and parenting. So I revised to thesis statement to "the
socioeconomic status and parenting are the keys for minimize the achievement gap". I also add a
paragraph to explain why parents' view one education (a part of social value) is important for
students. My peer also pointed out that I do not have enough evidence to support my opposing view.
So I did more research and add sources to help my counterargument. Last but not least, my professor
suggested there were a few citation problems. I went back and fixed my in text citation and citation
page too.
The socioeconomic status causes of achievement gap
The achievement gaps between students from different ethnic and racial background have gain
attention to the educators. Some people believe that our current school system is the main causation
of the gap, and simply changing the education system

Achievement Gap Essay
The Achievement Gap There is a persistent achievement gap that has continually taken place within
the educational system that needs to be secured. The National Center For Educational Statistics
indicates, "gaps appear when one group of students out performs another group and there is a
statistical difference in scores" (NEA, 2014). There is statistical evidence exhibiting gaps in
performance between white students and their black and Hispanic counterparts in math and reading.
Efforts to reach equivalence should start at home during early childhood and continue throughout
the high school years (NCES, 2011). The Hispanic population is the largest growing ethnic group in
the United States and comprised 16% of population in 2011 (NCES, 2011, ... Show more content on
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Kara Lysy from the Harvard Graduate School of Education spoke to a group of educators on behalf
of the Harvard University Achievement Gap Initiative suggesting that in the past she has made visits
to the home of her students twice a year (fall and spring). Lysy's hope was to open up lines of
communication between the parent and teacher, learn more about the family dynamics, and to offer
suggestions to the family in helping their children achieve success. Lysy states that, "family ties are
important to success and assist in literacy and writing" (AGI Conference, 2011, Lysy). As a parent
this sounds fantastic, yet in the real world it is not possible. Jade Beltran, Special Education teacher
at Kohlberg Elementary in El Paso, Texas states, "this sounds like an easy fix but in actuality it is
not. Teachers in the El Paso Independent School District are prohibited from visiting children at
their homes" (Beltran, 2015, Interview). Beltran illustrated the achievement gap in comparison to
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs by saying, "there is a prevalence of Hispanic students whose parents
are working multiple low paying jobs just to put food on the table, education is not a priority for
them" (Beltran, 2015,

The Achievement Gap Among Minority Students
The Achievement Gap among Minority Students
The achievement gap in America is at an alarming rate among minority students such as African
American, Native American, and Hispanic students. Among their academics, the biggest struggles
are in the subject areas of math and reading compared to other nationalities such as Caucasian and
Asian peers. This review will focus on whether this bridge of neglect could be identified,
researched, implemented, and then corrected before these students reach the middle and/or high
school levels. In addition, it will touch on the different matters that contribute to the minority
student's overall being from their home life to school. There are several factors that contribute to this
"gap" in learning among minority students. There were four main factors that were identified as key
concepts that were explored and organized during this literature review.
The categories focused upon are: (a) contributing factors, (b) demographics, (c) proper education,
and (d) how to move forward. Thus, research has proven that there are plenty of factors that
contribute to the gap, however these factors will be discussed more in the literature review.
Definitions
Achievement gap is defined as the differences among test scores compared to minority students and
their non–minority peers. "Differences between the scores of students with different backgrounds
(ethnic, racial, gender, disability, and income) are evident on large–scale such as standardized tests"

America 's Educational System Of The United States
Education, next to politics, is one of the most debated topics in America. More people than ever are
attending college because there is a stigma that one has to get a Bachelor's degree in order to get a
good job. People over the last few decades have begun to realize that in order for one to be
successful in life they must achieve a higher education, but at the same time people are pondering
the question of whether or not America's educational system is up to par. In a recent study the
United States was labeled "average" by the Organization for Economic Co–Operation and
Development (U.S. Falls In World Education Ranking). It is an international ranking system that
rates 35 countries educational system, and the United States was not ... Show more content on
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It becomes increasingly difficult to make children succeed when they have no interest in doing well.
The education of a child is a joint effort between educator and parent combined with laws and
policies that promote learning unlike the harsh policies of No Child Left Behind. The No Child Left
Behind Act was passed in 2001, and it has been the topic of debate ever since. The act was first
passed during the Johnson administration as the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and then
Bush reformed it into the No Child Left Behind Act (New York Times, ("No Child Left Behind
Act"). The act gained much popularity among people because it would make the United States the
"first country ever to make a commitment to provide every child with a quality education"
(Spellings 15). With the United States slipping in their education system this is exactly the type of
thing Americans wanted to hear. Educational Reform was a big part of Bush's platform for the 2000
campaign. This act lead to the federal government being more involved in education than ever. The
act sets up requirements all over the country to help reform the Public School System. No Child Left
Behind purpose was to increase student achievement and help children from impoverished areas
excel. Schools would now receive funding based upon the results of their improvement. No Child
Left Behind ensured that schools now had to use their funding to obtain "academic results for all
children" (Fisanick 11). The

The Gap Between Blacks and Whites Test Scores
The Gap Between Blacks and Whites Test Scores
The "gap" as referred to in the title, is the distribution of the scores on achievement tests that differ
between black and white students in the United States. The purpose of this study was to record the
degree of the gap in achievement scores, decide how much of the racial gap is due to social–class,
how the gap differed in the 30–year period, and how that which is credited to the social–class has
changed over the years. Differences in social–class, family structure, and discrimination against
blacks as a disgraced group are all proposed causes for the black–white gap in test scores. If the gap
is caused by a difference in social–class or family structure, then when the ... Show more content on
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Answer: The authors compared the degree of the gaps before and after they adjusted for social–
class. 3. How have the gaps changed over time? Answer: The authors calculated the gaps from data
in cross sections over a 30–year period and studied the trend over time. 4. Is the portion of each gap
that is independent of social–class changing over time? Answer: Yes, the authors contrasted the rate
of change over time in the social–class–adjusted gaps. These surveys give convincing evidence that
the gaps have decreased over time, but are still widely spread. The authors conclude that it would
take over 50 years to close the gap in reading achievement scores and over a century to close the gap
in mathematics and science achievement scores. The adjusted gaps for social–class, family structure,
and community variables were closing from 1965–1992. At this rate of change over the entire
period, they would close in the same amount of time as the unadjusted gaps. The rate of change for
the unadjusted gaps seem to have reversed after 1972. These results do not give a lot of support to
the theory that the gaps in average test scores are caused by the differences in social–class and
family structure. Thus, it supports the theory that the gaps in test scores are an outcome of other
factors, such as discrimination.

The Influence of Race and Ethnicity on a Person's...
Introduction I decided to write about the influence of race and ethnicity on a person's educational
level. I was born and raised in the Dominican Republic where, within my social group, schooling
and education was deemed as an essential part of life. In the United States, however, there exist a
greater number of racial and ethnic groups, and it is evident that an achievement gap exists among
these groups. Here, Dominicans are marginalized as part of a Hispanic minority group that does not
achieve the educational status of other groups, such as Whites or Jewish. I chose to write about the
disparity of education within races and seek to answer how race affects a person's educational level.
Through research, I will examine if there is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This theoretical framework will help me to present and describe the theory, which explains why the
research problem under study exists. According to sociologist there are two main views of
inequalities within sociology. One view supports the functionalist theory and the other supports the
conflict theory. I preferred to use both theories to help support my research. Ashley Crossman a
sociologist says "Functionalist theorists believe that inequality is inevitable and desirable and plays
an important function in society. In the other hand, conflict theory view inequality as resulting from
groups with power dominating less powerful groups."(Crossman, 2000). A functionalist theory
perspective on education examines the society. Also, functionalist theories will emphasis on aspects
such as schools, education, competition and equality of opportunity. These theories narrate and give
structure to my topic. I will talk about the differences between races and the huge gap in education.
The education can vary depending on the social capital status, the region of the country, culture, and
races, among other variables. If these variables continue to grow then the kids will continue to grow
with big disparities. The childhood education is so important; especially childhood is an age that by
just monitoring

Naep Analysis
After reading chapter 5 from Reign Error I learned that the National Assessment of Educational
Progress (NAEP) is a terrible way to measure students academic performance because people don't
understand the scores. NAEP is a way of determining if American students are doing well or badly,
it is administered to samples of students; no one knows who will take it and no one can prepare for
it. The results of these scores confuse the public to what expectations are appropriate for the
students. NAEP grade students using advanced, proficient, and basic, but these grades don't
represent students grades. The NAEP test score show that students have improved in reading and
mathematics over the last 20 years. The book shows some graphs of fourth graders ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The achievement gap does not mean that African American and Hispanic students have not
improved over the last years, in fact they have improved a lot, but white student's test scores have
also improved. The achievement gap is still a large gap because white, African American, HIspanics
students are improving their test scores. The biggest reason that the achievement gap still exist is
because not all students are treated equally; minority students are getting lower tests scores than
white students because they don't receive the same resources as white students. The author states the
achievement gap started way before students even started school; it started when some students had
better medicare, some children had parents who went to college, some students have more books
than other. Thus, it all comes down to students not having equal resources, The only way to close the
achievement gap is to try to close the inequality in America, this of course is impossible. As a
Hispanic student I have been through the struggles and disadvantages minority students face. I know
that as minority students we face many disadvantages, but I also know that we can surpass all these
disadvantages and still succeed in

Achievement Gaps
Achievement Gaps Reading, writing and the ability to solve simple mathematical problems are a
part of the necessary tools needed to survive in America. Consequently, such learning tools are used
numerous times throughout the day without recognition. However, reading, writing and basic
knowledge of mathematical problems are not equally achieved by all social groups. It is clear that
education plays a major role in the future of an individual, yet there are achievement gaps between
Black, White and Hispanic groups. Unfortunately, minority groups are not meeting the standard
scoring according to statistics. White groups are exceeding Black and Hispanic groups in reading,
writing, and mathematics. There are a vast number of reasons for ... Show more content on
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For instance, the gap in reading in 2007 between Black and White groups was significant in 44
states, in grade four. However, in 1999 to 2004 the gap for the age nine, in reading, was lower for a
longer term than any other period. In the mathematic department, Black groups have grown
significantly in 2005, while the White counterpart's scores have not changed. Thus, causing the gaps
between White and Black groups to be narrower in 2005. In 2005, Whites had a twenty–seven point
lead over Blacks. The gap point gap in 2007 remained almost the same, with Whites having a
twenty–six point lead in reading over Blacks. The reasons for the achievement gaps between Black
and White groups are based on family income, social status, and poor schools. The conflict
perspective best describes the achievement gaps for blacks and Hispanics. According to this conflict
perspective, there is a constant struggle between the dominant group (whites) and the subordinate
groups (blacks and Hispanics). Those that are a part of the dominant group have economic and
political control. The subordinate group is often left ignored and ridiculed for having a lower status
by the subordinate groups. Those who support the conflict theory also believe that the subordinate
group is stereotyped as lazy and lack the knowledge and/or desire to narrow the gap between blacks,
Hispanics and whites; that is subsequently known as "blaming the victim". Overall, the subordinate
group is viewed

Specific Inequalities
There are many ladders to scale in life. Individuals are constantly looking for the next opportunity,
climbing rung by rung to reach new levels of achievement. But what happens when rungs on these
ladders are missing? What does one do when opportunity is out of reach due to factors outside of
their individual control? One such insurmountable ladder in society is academic achievement– those
on the bottom rungs face a gap vast in size and unable to be scaled by meritocracy alone. Specific
inequalities maintain this gap, and polarize the academic potentials of students nationwide. In this
paper, I assert that the disparity in school nutrition levels between varying socioeconomic classes in
American society is a significant contributor to the achievement

Public Schooling And Public Education
With the many diverse characteristics of the Unites States, perhaps the most troubling is the rising
gap in the distribution of wealth. As the wealth gap in the United States rises exponentially, the gap
in the quality of public schooling rises with it. For a country that prides itself in prestigious outlets
of education, the system of public schooling seems to be miserably failing. Public education, a
system that some fight to destroy while others fight to preserve, is perhaps the only source of
academic opportunity for many individuals living in this country. The fact that someone can live in a
certain area and receive a higher quality of public education than someone else living in a different
area in the same country–even in the same state–is a problem that should not trouble a 'progressive'
democratic society. Unfortunately, areas of lower socioeconomic status receive much less funding
than areas of higher socioeconomic status, where property taxes account for 45% of funding in
public school districts. Naturally, the impoverished residents of poor neighborhoods pay a harsh
price in this situation, sending their children to an underfunded school with little to no resources,
where sometimes teachers must supply the classroom from their own pocket. As Rogerson and
Fernandez note, "a system that allows the accidents of geography and birth to determine the quality
of education received by an individual is inimical to the idea of equal opportunity in the
marketplace"

The Documentary : Class Divide
Gentrification is the term that explains the process of renovating and improving homes, or a district
to conform to middle–class preferences. As viewed in the documentary Class Divide, a
neighborhood in Manhattan, New York called West Chelsea has already undergone a major shift in
their community. The addition of schools such as The Avenues, and tourist attractions like the High
Line has generated a new identity for the community. Children who are born in poverty in the
United States have a harder time getting out of poverty than those children who come from other
developed countries. This is due to various institutions such as The Avenues that have created a gap
between social classes, making it harder for the lower class to achieve success. Throughout the
documentary, the storyline constantly shifts to represent two different point of views: the upper class
and the lower class. Within these different points of views, the central themes become evident:
income inequality, opposing views of privileged and underprivileged students, and the gentrification
of a community. Income inequality plays a major role in the education disparity present in
communities such as West Chelsea. The economic hardship several families experience affects the
way a child grows up and the certain education they receive. As seen in Class Divide, more
privileged children can attend schools such as The Avenues where they are given opportunities to
grow and learn, while less privileged students are

The Achievement Gap Between Hispanic Students And...
The achievement gap between Hispanic students and non–Hispanic students is alarming due to the
high dropout rates and the increasing Hispanic population in the United States. To better understand
why Hispanic students dropout out of high school it is important to explore the perspectives and
experiences of high school dropouts. Examining the root causes of whys Hispanic student's drop out
of high school can assist to improve dropout retention early on. As a significant number of
Hispanics continue to dropout of high school annually, educational decision–makers continue to
search for solutions to effectively address the high percentage of Hispanic dropouts. In 2008,
Behnke, A., Gonzalez, L., & Cox, R. researched why Hispanic youth drop out ... Show more content
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Because Hispanics are the fastest growing population in the United States, it is critical for the
development of prevention dropout programs to decrease the dropout rate and improve the quality of
life amongst the Hispanic population (Reyes & Elias, 2011).
When comparing the annual income between a Hispanic student that graduates from high school and
a Hispanic high school dropout, the student with a high school diploma will earn $5,747 more than
the student who drops out (U.S. Census, 2010). Statistics have demonstrated that high student
populations in high schools impact the learning of students, and students are more likely to dropout
(Fry, 2005).
Hispanic Achievement
The amount of high school graduates in the United States is significantly less for minority students
(Wagner, 2008). Less than one–third of minority students in the United States high schools obtain a
high school diploma (Wagner, 2008). As the Hispanic population continues to grow rapidly, the ratio
of Hispanic students enrolled in K–12 public schools by 2020 will be one in four students (Maxwell,
2012). According to Noguera & Akom (2000), the achievement gap for Hispanics is relatively
transparent through their high dropout rates, college completion rates, and their low educational
achievement. The dropout rate for Hispanics is approximately

Opportunity Gap
The literature review explores three specific bodies of literature. The first is research about the
opportunity gap between Black and White students. Then the second topic reviewed refers to
research on teachers' Whiteness and how that affects their perceptions of their Black students. The
literature review concludes with a discussion of Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Critical Whiteness
Theory and how it informs the present study.
Defining the Gap
Opportunity gap. As more and more research is done to address the issue of the achievement gap
between Black and White students some scholars have begun to deviate from using this term and are
instead choosing "opportunity gap" to shift attention away from the notion of socio–economic
deficits ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some researchers argue a key reason this achievement gap has persisted, even grown, is the cultural
mismatch between White teachers (who continue to comprise the majority of teachers in the U.S)
and their Black students (Bergeron, 2008). The term cultural mismatch refers to the phenomenon
where teachers of one race or ethnicity (usually White) teach students who are predominately from
another race or ethnicity (Bergeron, 2008). Researchers agree this mismatch can lead to
misunderstanding between teachers and students which can lead to their academic needs not being
addressed and ultimately causing them to underachieve academically (McGrady & Reynolds,

The Achievement Gap Is Difficult For Children
Markese Jones Mr. Hance AP Writing Lab 10 February 2015 The Achievement Gap The
achievement gap is difficult for children just entering school because the bar has already been set to
where some of those children are going to land. At the age of three, children of people with careers
have vocabularies that are nearly 1.5 times greater than those of working class children, and nearly
double the children whose families are on welfare." This statistic shows that even children at the age
of three experience the achievement gap because of their own home life. It is imperative to reduce or
eliminate the Achievement Gap in the U.S. To do this we must identify the problem, balance and
control the funding, increase our teachers' abilities and explain the benefits of closing the gap
permanently. The achievement gap is an aperture of educational measures between the performance
of groups of students, especially groups defined by socioeconomic status, ethnicity and gender
(Valerie, http://www.teachability.com/). The imbalance in test scores is a key factor in closing the
gap. Presently minority students score lower than European Americans on grammar, pronunciation,
literacy and mathematics test on graded test work and on test that measure scholastic aptitude and
intelligence. Not only is there a gap in the United

Achievement Gap In African American Education
In American education, there is overwhelming evidence that there is an achievement gap between
groups of students. In other words, there are measurable differences in the educations and test scores
of different groups of students. Some gaps exist between groups or differing gender or
socioeconomic status, but the largest gaps exist between groups of different races. America has
always been a country with an influx of different cultures through immigration. In schools, these
cultures still remain separated. The most noticeable separation is probably that of White and African
American students. Although the achievement gap between White and Black students is easily seen
there are other clear gaps in the education of Latino and Asian American ... Show more content on
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The purpose of this program was to adopt standards that prepare students, creating new systems that
measure student growth, teach teachers how to improve instruction, and by recruiting new and
innovative teachers and principals ("Race to the Top Fund", 2016). All of these intentions seem like
they should have helped to restart movement in narrowing achievement gaps but so far have not.
The biggest problem with Race to the Top is that it still uses high stakes standardized testing to
monitor how schools are progressing. Many educators believe that these tests are why achievement
gaps are not closing and students are not succeeding more. The best way to start closing
achievement gaps would be to scale back on standardized testing and even if it is still used to focus
it on monitoring individual student success. Programs such as NCLB and Race to the Top have also
been receiving fewer funds that they were originally intended to have. By increasing funding for
education in general, students will have better chances to learn and succeed no matter their

Racial Inequality In Education
Review of Literature
An achievement gap between White students and students of color has been documented
consistently at all education levels. Racial inequality in education is a serious problem in the United
States. The Educational Longitudinal Study carried out in 2002 examined the relationship between
race and composite reading and math scores among Black and White students. A total of 8,315 tenth
grade students were included in this analysis. The results showed a difference in test scores between
Black and White students with Whites scoring higher than Blacks (Rowely & Wright, 2011).The
findings from this study suggest that discrimination based on race as well as family factors outside
the school setting contribute to this difference ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The research by Ralph McNeal proposes a theoretical model that separates parent involvement into
two practices: (1) linking parents to children (Parent–child relationship) and (2) linking parents to
other adults (Parent–Parent relationship) in the school environment. The researcher hypothesizes
that parent–child (i.e. discussion and monitoring) and parent–school (i.e. educational support
strategies and Parent Teacher Organization involvement) practices will differentially affect student
attitudes (educational expectations), behaviors (absenteeism, homework, truancy), and achievement
(math and science). Using a national survey conducted in the United States of schools and students,
the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS: 88), the research findings confirm that parent–
child and parent–school involvement practices differentially influence student attitudes and
behaviors, thereby indirectly affecting student achievement (Jr, 2014).From this body of research, it
can be concluded that increasing parental involvement within the African American population can
increase student achievement thereby reducing the Black–White academic achievement

The Achievement Gap In Education
Every occupation that exists in the world stems off of education in one way or another, which makes
educators the backbone of society's success. However, educators and those involved in executive
decisions about school systems can be the reason some communities are still struggling. One
struggle that still exists in the United States is the achievement gap, which is a growing problem in
today's education. According to Cynthia Palmer Mason, the "Achievement gap refers to the
observed, persistent disparity of educational measures between the performances of groups of
students" (Mason 14). Some scholars argue that the achievement gap just exists and it's arbitrarily
misfortune if someone suffers from its effects. However, research like Mason's, proves factors such
as socioeconomic status, gender, race or ethnicity are among the top defining factors for the gap
among students. Although all these factors can be used to measure the achievement gap, race and
ethnicity are the largest contributing factors. One race that seemingly is affected more by the
achievement gap is African Americans, which has been proven throughout our country's history. In
order for our country to try to minimize the achievement gap, educators must first recognize the
issue, the failed attempt to close the gap, and then create a solution for the problem. Educators need
to create positive African American role models through personal relationships, examples, and
resources being used in the classroom.

The Importance Of The Achievement Gap

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