The importance of being human
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What makes us humans different from animals? Culture? The ability to make tools? The language? Morality? Art? This presentation will show us that these criteria alone are not enough to explain what makes us different from animals.
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The importance of being human
- 1. THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING HUMAN Jean-David Ponci Doctor of Philosophy of Science
- 2. Superiority of degree or nature between man and animal? Judeo-Christianity: Man is made in the image of God. In animals there is no desire for eternity, but they are eternal as a species, insofar as there is within them a desire for reproduction through which the species continues to exist. (Thomas Aquinas, Sum against the Gentiles, II, 82).
- 3. Superiority of degree or of nature between man and animal ? Tools Language Sociability and feelings Culture Reason Can science prove that we are essentially different? Can science prove that we have something that animals will never have?
- 4. Superiority of degree or nature between man and animal ? “Tools make man” difference between primates and hominids
- 7. Superiority of degree or nature between man and animal ? Intelligence Chimps are a better working memory than human.
- 9. Superiority of degree or nature between man and animal ? Language Chimps can understand up to 3000 words.
- 12. What about moral feeling ? Mozu was born without hands or feet in Japan. Mozu could not climb. Still, the other members of Mozu's troop did not move in the trees above her at a pace that would leave her behind, despite their ability to do so. They seemed cognizant — and also tolerant — of Mozu's handicap. She lived to an advanced age and will grow five young Primatologist Frans de Waal claims that such observations help inform us that some moral sentiments seem rooted in human ancestry.
- 13. What about the reason that would allow them to control their impulses?
- 15. Conclusion If we look at the skills, it is difficult to see a difference of nature between animals and humans. -Moral feelings -Tools and some kind of culture -More intelligent in some aspects -Reason : With symbols, they are able to control their impulse. -Planning an assassination to keep power
- 16. Conclusion The difference (of nature) does not come from skills, but from framework. Animals are (intellectually) locked in their world.
- 17. Art to attract the female Plan an assassination to keep power To sacrifice their lives to save their young Language to ask for something in their world (food, hug)
- 18. Animals don't do things that make sense because of another world. - They don't make art for the beauty of art. - They do not give their lives for an ideal. - They don't bury their dead because of the afterlife. -They don’t pray… The key word to understand the difference is openness or transcendence
- 19. Sources De Waal, Frans, (2005) Our Inner Ape: A Leading Primatologist Explains Why We Are Who We Are. New York : Riverhead, 2005 Rubin, John (2014)Ape Genius, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wg-mPjhCnc8&t=2843s Can Apes really “talk” To Humans. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=uYWSXRUGxDQ Zubiri, Xavier (1966–67) «Notas sobre la inteligencia humana» (artículo)
- 20. A remark We consider ourselves human, because our parents are human. If we had been raised by an animal, we would not consider ourselves human. First experiment : the feral children
- 22. She does not consider herself a human being, because her mother, Mom, is the dog.