This document provides an overview of the field of anthropology. It begins by defining anthropology as the study of human beings and all aspects of human life and culture. It then discusses the main fields of anthropology including cultural, linguistic, archaeological, physical, and forensic anthropology. The document outlines some of the key contributors to the development of anthropology as a field and discusses modern directions in anthropological theory and research. It concludes by noting that anthropology has become a diverse field that examines both traditional and modern cultures around the world.

1. Group 1:
Dan Manalo
Shanielle Dannah Ibanez
Burwill Paciteng
Clarisse Tenorio

2. Why do Chinese dislike milk and milk products?
Why would the Japanese die willingly in a
banzai charge that seems senseless to the
Americans?
Why do some nations trace their lineage
through the father, others through the mother,
still others through both parents?

3. Not because different people have different
instincts, not because they were destined by God or
Faith to different habits, not because the weather is
different in China and Japan and the U.S.A.
Sometimes shrewd Common Sense has an answer
that is close to that of the Anthropologists:
“Because they were
brought up that way”
By their “culture”. It’s
due to the difference
on how they lived in
this world.

4. WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?
Anthropology, by definition is the study of infinite
curiosity about human beings.
 The term comes from the Greek word anthropos
for “man, human” and logos for “study”.

5. Anthropology means the total way of the people, the
social legacy the individual acquires from his/her
group.
Anthropology study of all aspects of human life and
culture.
WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?

6. ANTHROPOLOGISTS
Is a scientist who researches and studies
sociohistorical, archaeological, linguistical and
biological aspects of humanity, especially as they
apply to the development of modern man.

7. KEY CONCEPTS
Society – consists of any group of interacting
millions or billions of people who share a
common culture.

8. KEY CONCEPTS
 Culture – is fundamentally tied to people’s ability
to use language and other symbolic forms of
representation.

9. KEY CONCEPTS
 Evolution – explains how much the past
contributed about people’s biology and culture.

10. FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Cultural Anthropology
- Involves the study of how people living in present-
day society and their culture and also studies how
people make their living, how people interact with
each other, what beliefs people hold, and what
institutions organize society.

11. FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
 Linguistic Anthropology
- Focuses on how people use language in
particular cultures and often work with people who
have unwritten languages or with languages that
very few people speak.

12. FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Archaeology
- Focuses on the study of the past, rather than the
living, human societies and cultures. Through the
study of artifacts such as human fossils, tools,
pottery, etc.

13. FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Physical Anthropology
- Also known as biological anthropology, concentrates
on the connection between human biology and culture.
Forensic Anthropology
- Specialize in the analysis of human corpses or remains for
legal investigations.

14. ANTHROPOLOGY AND OTHER SOCIAL
SCIENCES
Anthropology and Sociology
- Studies the human
society and culture.
 Anthropology and Human
Psychology
- Studies how people
become who they are
shaped by their culture.

15. ANTHROPOLOGY AND OTHER SOCIAL
SCIENCES
Anthropology and History
- Study historical documents
to learn more of the past of
living people
Anthropology and Economics
- Focus on how aspects of
economics and politics relate
to other aspects of culture.

16. Understanding human diversity
Making Comparisons
Talks about using comparisons to see the
uniqueness of one’s self and culture.
Examining many Perspectives
Studies the connection of Human Ecology,
Biology, and culture in a holistic approach.
Avoiding Cultural Bias
Ethnocentrism where the belief of one’s culture is
superior to the other.

17. HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY
CONTRIBUTORS DATE CONTRIBUTIONS
HERODOTUS 400 BC First thinker to write widely on
concepts that would later
become anthropology
IBN KHALDUN 14TH
CENTURY
AD
Examined the environmental,
sociological, psychological,
and economic factors that
affected the development and
the rise and fall of
civilizations.

18. BIBLICAL SCHOLARS 5TH-15TH
CENTURY
AD
Dominated European thinking
on questions of human
origins and cultural
developments which they
believe as the Creations of
God.
EUROPEAN
EXPLORERS
15TH
CENTURY
AD
Provided vivid descriptions of
the exotic cultures they
encountered on their
journeys on Asia, Africa, and
what are now the America.
THINKERS-HUME,
LOCKE, ROUSSEAU
17TH AND
18TH
CENTURY
AD
Wrote a number of
humanistic works on the
nature of human kind. They
based their works on
philosophical reasons rather
than religious authority.

19. THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN
ANTHROPOLOGY
 EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
Charles Darwin argued that plants and animal
species evolved through time under the process called
Natural Selection.
 ANTHROPOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY THEORIES
Lewis Henry Morgan argued that European
civilization was the pinnacle of human evolutionary progress,
representing humanity’s highest biological, moral and
technological advancement.
Sir Edward Taylor attempted to describe the
developments of particular kinds of customs and beliefs
found across many cultures.

20. THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN
ANTHROPOLOGY
 CULTURAL EVOLUTION, COLONIALISM, AND SOCIAL
DARWINISM
The colonial nations of Europe used ethnocentric
theories of cultural evolution to justify the expansion of their
empires. This application of evolutionary theory to control the
social and political policy became known as Social
Darwinism.

21. NEW DIRECTIONS IN THEORY AND
RESEARCH
 INFLUENCE OF BOAS
Franz Boas advocated the theories that there is no
pure race and that no race is superior to the other.
Emile Durkheim is the father of the school of
anthropology called Functionalism which analyze how cultural
institutions kept a society working in order.
 CULTURAL MATERIALISM AND ECOLOGY
Julian Steward, Roy Rappaport, and Marvin Harris
began to study how culture and social institutions relate to
peoples technology, economy and natural environment. This
approach is later known as Cultural Materialism.

22. NEW DIRECTIONS IN THEORY AND
RESEARCH
 SYMBOLIC ANTHROPOLOGIST
Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner looked for the
meanings of particular cultural symbols and rituals within
cultures themselves, an approach known as Symbolic
Anthropology.

23. ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY
Anthropology had become a very diverse
field with numerous areas of specialization. New
research agendas have also emerged and several
new trends in the world’s culture have dramatically
changed anthropology.
In addition, the world faces problems of
poverty, violence and environmental degradation.
In response to these trends, many anthropologist
has shifted their studies to urban culture and the
workings of global culture. Much new research
examines the international exchange of ideas,
beliefs, and cultural practices.

24. Applied Anthropology
 Is explicit in its concern in making
anthropological knowledge useful.
 Example: Biological
anthropologists maybe called
upon to give forensic
evidence in court or they
may work in public health or
design clothes and
equipment to human
anatomy.

25. REFERENCES
• Classic Edition Sources Anthropology Edited
Elvio Angeloni Pasadena City College
• Anthropology Twelfth Edition Carol R. Ember
Human Relations Area Files, Melvin Ember
Human Relations Area Files, Peter N. Peregrine,
Lawrence University.
• Sociology and Anthropology by Ms. Miriam Grace
Aquino and Mrs. Elna Lopez