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Anthropological
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- 2. What is Anthropology? Anthropology is the science of people and culture. The word is a combination of two Greek roots, “anthropos,” man, and “logos,” an account or calculation.
- 3. Branches of Anthropology The study of both humanity and culture indicates the two major division of the field. Physical Anthropology Cultural Anthropology
- 4. Cont… Physical Anthropology Whichstudies people as biological organisms. Physical anthropologists usually tend to concentrate upon human genetics, the study of inherited characteristics, upon morphological statistics, the measurement of human body, and the analysis of the body’s physical characteristics.
- 5. Cultural Anthropology Whichis devoted to the behavior of people and the products of that behavior. It is sometimes called “social anthropology.” Ethnolography is the study of the particular culture; in most instances the subject is a living culture. Cont…
- 6. History and Prospectsof Anthropology The 19th century flowering of anthropology was the work of number of pioneers. The paramount theme of this period was evolution.
- 7. Cont… Spencer, frequentlymentioned on how environment produced variety in culture, and he discussed various routes by which cultural levels could be ascended. In the same vein, Morgan and Tylor discussed the diffusion of traits from one culture to another, Morgan in particular pointed out that the American Indian cultures he was studying were in process of leaping cultural stage under the impact of European derived US civilization.
- 8. Cont… Franz Boas,the vanguard anthropologist of the late 19th c and 20 centuries, introduced the modern emphasis of field works, although he certainly did not create the notion.
- 9. Cont… Though implicitin some of the works done by earlier anthropologists, the practice of treating cultures as systematic wholes, parts of which were responsive to changes in other parts, was developed in the 20 c, known as “functionalism,” this theoritical orientation toward the analysis of culture grew up simultaneously in both anthropology and sociology, associated with the names of Emil Durkheim and A.R: Radcliffe-Brown.
- 10. Cont… “Structuralism,” atechnique for studying tribal social organization, has had considerable influence among students of cultural anthropology. Its most outstanding exponent in the French anthropologist, Claude Levi-Strauss.
- 11. Cont… Structuralism suggests thatthere is a limited number of ways in which culture can be organized; it seeks to investigate changes in cultures specially through the examination of the mythology and other non-material aspects of those culture. It rejects the classification of societies as “primitive” or “advanced” and instead distinguished between different degrees of technological progress.
- 12. Cont… Another approach tothe study of cultural anthropology is the ethnoscience, or componential analysis, approach. It seeks to apply linguistic methods to the examination of other aspects of culture.
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- 14. Cont… Long beforeCharles Darwin published “The Descent Man,” (1871), it was thought in certain scholarly circles that man was an animal. Toady, virtually all scientist accept as a fact, although some theologicians still express opposition to this view.
- 15. Cont… Various biologicalgroups, from largest to the smallest, to which he belong are: kingdom: Animal Phylum: Vertebrate Class: Mammalia Infraclass: Eutheria Order: Primates Suborder: Anthropoidea Superfamily: Hominoidea Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Sapiens
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