presentation on DIT at SKSU Tacurong City

1. ANTHROPOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
RCPENAFLORIDA
DIT1-A

3. OBJECTIVES
 To be able to understand what is Anthropology.
 To know the origin of Man; the difference between men and
animals.
 To know the role of heredity and environment in human
behavior.
 To know the importance of language in the development of
culture and the transmission of knowledge to the next
generation.

4. WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?
• A science concerned with study of mankind.
• It derives from the Greek word “anthrope” meaning MAN and “logy”
meaning SCIENCE.
• Literally means a science of man.
• Dictionary defines as the science that treats the origin, development and
especially the cultural development, customs, beliefs, etc. of man.
• According to JACOBS and STERN, it is the scientific study of physical,
social and cultural development and behavior of human beings since their
appearance on earth.
• HERSKOVITZ defines as ‘the science of man and his works’.

5. MAN
• HE HAS ALSO UNIQUE IN THE FIELD OF BEHAVIOUR. For the
following reasons:
 He possesses tools and other material artifacts.
 He has complex techniques for getting and preparing foods.
 He has social and political organization.
 He has a system of religious beliefs and rituals.
 He communicates by means of language.

6. The diversity of human
behavior is seen in:
food habits, ways food cooked, dress and
ornaments and their relations with in
laws.

7. DIVISIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY

8. PHYSICAL or BIOLOGICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
It is a study of man origin and development from a simple into a
more complex individual within his cultural environment.
It is related to biological science-anatomy, physiology, embryology
and genetics.
Deals with the study of man as a product of the evolutionary
process. It is concerned with man’s bodily structures.

9. It also help us to study the changes that happen
upon nature or from ourselves to other organisms.

10. Darwin's Theory of Evolution is a relatively young archetype, the evolutionary
worldview itself is as old as antiquity. Ancient Greek philosophers such as
Anaximander postulated the development of life from non-life and the evolutionary
descent of man from animal. Charles Darwin simply brought something new to the
old philosophy -- a plausible mechanism called "natural selection." Natural selection
acts to preserve and accumulate minor advantageous genetic mutations.
Many scientists and philosophers of science have described evolution as fact and
theory, describes fact in science as meaning data, not absolute certainty but
"confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional
assent". A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of such facts. The
facts of evolution come from observational evidence of current processes, from
imperfections in organisms recording historical common descent, and from
transitions in the fossil record. Theories of evolution provide a provisional
explanation for these facts.

11. CULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
 Deals with man’s behavior and with
the ways human beings carry out the
activities of daily living,
 It is the manmade part of the human
environment. It is a way of life of
specific group.
 Robert Redfield speaks of culture as
“ an organized body of conventional
understanding manifested in art and
artifacts, which persisting to
traditions, characterizes a human
group.

12. SUB-DIVISION OF
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
 ARCHEOLOGY
 LINGUISTIC
 ETHNOLOGY

13. ARCHEOLOGY
 It is concerned with the buried remains of ancient cultures
and the skeletal remnants of human beings and their remains
and their association within their social group during their
time on earth.
In GEOLOGY, these eras are:
 Archezeic-when primitive forms of life appeared
 Protozoic-when early life forms increased
 Paleozoic-when fish, amphibiansappeared
 Mesozoic-when huge reptiles dominated
CENOZOIC ERA
Tertiary or age of MAMMALS
Halocene Period

14. ETHNOLOGY
It studies the interrelationships of
peoples and their origins and
environment, compares and analyses
their similarities and differences in
order to understand why people have
different cultures.
Deals with the sub-divisions of
mankind, their origins, relations speech,
institutions, etc.

15. LINGUISTIC
Concerned with man’s language, a
non-literate or literate, past and
present.
Deals with the classification,
arrangement and study of the
feature of language.
Takes up the changes in language,
the borrowings from other
language, and the comparison of
language.

16. LANGUAGE
WITHOUT LANGUAGE, CULTURE AMONG MEN WOULD BE WHOLLY
IMPOSSIBLE.
THE HUMAN BEING LEARNED HIS LANGUGE JUST AS HE LEARNED HIS
CULTURE; MAN IS NOT BORN WITH A LANGUAGE.
LANGUAGE IS DISTINCTLY HUMAN SYSTEM OF BEHAVIOR BASED ON ORAL
SYMBOLS.
IT IS A SPECIAL SYSTEM IF COMMUNICATION THAT IS SPECIALLY ORAL AND
SYMBOLIC AND IT IS LEARNED.

17. What is the relationship between
Sociology and Anthropology?
The relation between sociology and anthropology is widely recognized today.
In fact, anthropologist Kroeber pointed out that the two- sciences are twin
sisters. Robert Redfied writes that viewing the whole States, one say that the
relations between sociology and anthropology are closer than those between
anthropology and political science, which is partly due to greater similarity in
ways of work.
There is a great deal of similarities between anthropology and sociology. A
number of subjects include society, culture, family religion, social
stratification, etc. For this reason an eminent anthropologist like A.L. Kroeber
regards "Sociology and Anthropology as twin sisters" Etymologically,
anthropology means the study of the science of man. It traces the
development of human race, and studies, in particular, the primitive
preliterate people and their culture. Anthropologists are sure that
anthropology is deeply concerned with the physical and cultural
development of human beings from the time of their origin to this day.
There cannot be two opinions about the fact that the field of its
investigation is very vast. Its major divisions are as follows.

18. THE THEORY OF SOCIAL
EVOLUTION
Herbert Spencer to Sociology is the theory of evolution. He utilized
the principles of physical and biological evolution in order to
elaborate and explain his theory of Social evolution.
In physical evolution, a movement is from indefinite incoherent
situation to definite and coherent situation. Besides, the underlying
principles of physical evolution are a movement from simple to
complex and homogeneity to heterogeneity.
In biological evolution only those creatures survive in the struggle
for existence who are able to make effective adjustment with
changing circumstances. Herbert Spencer utilized these two
principles, physical and biological evolution in order to explain
social evolution.

20. SUPERIORITY OF MAN OVER ANIMALS
Humans are capable of doing advanced things, We have the physical
advantage of using our hands, use tools compared to a bird, or a four-
legged animal. Hands also allow the human race to compensate for their
inherent, build protective shelter. Humans consider these adaptations to
be far superior to any other species on earth, and this certainly goes a
long way to the feelings of dominance over animals. Most people would
agree that humans differ from other animals in terms of intelligence;
however, biologically speaking humans are classified as animals.
Describes an animal to be 'A multicellular organism of the kingdom
Animalia, differing from plants in certain typical characteristics such as
capacity for locomotion, nonphotosynthetic metabolism, pronounced
response to stimuli, restricted growth, and fixed bodily structure.'All of
these qualities apply to humans and other animals alike. As plain as it is
to see the similarities between humans and chimpanzees, with which we
share 98% of our genetic information, there is no doubt that humans
have pedestaled themselves above the animal kingdom. We generally use
the term "animal" to describe a creature that is not human.

21. CONCLUSION
IT HELPS US TO STUDY THE CHANGES THAT HAPPEN UPON NATURE
OR FROM OURSELVES OR FROM OTHER ORGANISM.
IT SHOWS US A GREAT DEAL HOW MUCH MORE ADVANCED WE ARE
TO BECOME.
IT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO STUDY HOW HUMANS AND OTHER
ORGAMISMS REACT TO CERTAIN ENVIRONMENT.
IT GIVES US INSIGHT ON HOW THINGS WORK, LIVE AND COEXIST.
THROUGH ANTHROPOLOGY, WE CAN DETERMINE HOW THINGS
WERE MADE, LIVE AND REACT TO DIFFERENT SCENARIOS AND HOW
DIFFERENT TEXT/LANGUAGE AND OUR PERCEPTION OF IDEAS
CHANGE US.

22. REFERENCES
Bustos, A.S. & Espiritu, S.C. (1996) Psychological, Anthropological and
Sociological Foundations of Education (Revised edition ll). Quezon City.
Katha Pub. Co. INC.
“On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the
Preservation of Races in the struggles of life”, 1959, as cited at www.darwins
theory of evolution.com
www.UKessays.com/essays/sociology/the superiority of human and
animals.