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The Hitties.pptx
- 1. The Hitties
- 2. Introduction Who are the Hittites? • The Hittites were an ancient people that resided in Asia Minor’s Anatolia region, which is now Turkey. The Hittites were said to be descendants of Ham, one of Noah’s sons, according to the Bible. During the 14th to 11th centuries, the Hittites rose to tremendous power and riches, eventually forming the formidable Hatti Empire.
- 4. Early History • Until early twentieth-century archaeological finds, little was known about them. • Around 3000 B.C.E., they migrated from northern Europe to Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). • During the mid-1300s BCE, the Hittite Empire grew to great proportions, spreading across Asia Minor, the northern Levant, and Upper Mesopotamia.
- 5. The Hittite Civilization • Due to the domestication of horses, the Hittites, like many Indo-Europeans, were able to travel large distances and migrate to new countries. Pastoralists and agrarian civilizations benefited from the expansion of technology like the wheel and wagon, which were also utilized in ancient Mesopotamia and other early civilizations in the region. • They able to build an Empire during 1900 B.C.E and stretched from Aegan sea to Euphrates River. • Built a second empire during 1500-1200 B.C.E. It includes the Asia Minor, Palestine and Syria.
- 6. Economy • Link between Mesopotamia and western Asia • Had monopoly on Armenian and European metals for hundreds of years • Developed iron for tools and weapons • Wealth from trade of gold, iron, lead, and silver • Trade shown in numerous excavated clay tablets
- 7. Culture
- 8. Language • The Hittite language was part of the Indo- European language family, which includes languages spoken in the Americas, Europe, and Western and Southern Asia today. • According to nineteenth-century archaeology, the Hittites got their name from their initial identification with the Biblical Hittites. The Hittites are commonly thought to have lived among the Israelites.
- 9. The Bronze age and Iron Age • Although the Hittites flourished during the Bronze Age, beginning around 3000 BCE, they were forerunners of the Iron Age, beginning to produce iron artifacts around 1400 BCE. This is significant because the Hittites’ use of iron and steel resulted in more efficient tools and weapons than bronze. There are several theories as to how the Hittites developed this technology. According to some academics, the Hittites experimented with metalworking for years before discovering a smelting method that would melt iron, which melts at a greater temperature than other metals like copper or tin. It’s also likely that the Hittites picked up part of this technology from inhabitants in western Iran’s Zagros Mountains. Trading partners of the Hittites
- 10. Art - Crude - Stone lions at city entrances - Carvings of animals and warriors
- 11. Religion and Beliefs The Hittite pantheon—a collection of all the gods in a polytheistic religion— featured storm gods prominently. Tarhunt was dubbed “The Conqueror,” “King of Kummiya,” “King of Heaven,” and “Lord of Hatti.” He was the deity of war and triumph, particularly over foreign foes. This could indicate that the Hittites valued military prowess.
- 12. Government The king was the head of the Hittite state, with the heir-apparent—one of the king’s offspring born into the position of succeeding him—following him. However, some officials exercised independent authority over various branches of the government, implying that the king did not have complete control over the kingdom.
- 13. The Battle of Kadesh Provide a brief summary of your presentation. Remind the audience what you covered in the previous slides.
- 14. Battle Of Kadesh The Battle of Kadesh, which took place in 1274 BCE, pitted the Hittites against the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II’s army. This battle is significant because both sides claimed victory, resulting in the world’s first known peace treaty, which was signed in 1258 BCE.
- 15. Conflict between Hittites and Egyptians Pharaoh Ramesses II resolved to force the Hittites out of Egypt after they made inroads into the Egyptian realm and caused difficulties for Pharaoh Tutmoses III. He hoped to gain an advantage by capturing Kadesh, a major commercial center held by the Hittites. Ramesses led a force of roughly 20,000 warriors divided into four divisions from Egypt to confront the Hittite king Muwatalli's forces.
- 16. Battle • Both the Egyptian and Hittite armies were quite evenly matched, which is likely why they were able to win. The Egyptian chariots were speedier since they only had two people on board, whereas the Hittite chariots had an extra person on board, allowing each chariot to throw more spears. The Egyptian and Hittite military technology was among the most advanced of its time, thanks to the use of chariots and iron tools, which were stronger than bronze ones. Both civilizations had powerful states and the ability to send troops to war to fight for control of their empires.
- 17. The Aftermath Ramesses stated that Egypt had won a major victory: he had vanquished his adversary in combat. Muwatalli also declared victory due to the fact that he did not lose Kadesh. The Treaty of Kadesh, the world's first peace treaty, was significant because it demonstrated big civilizations' ability to judge whether or not they were at war with one another.