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The History of Writing
- 1. The History of Writing Fernando Domènech Rey
- 2. What is Writing? Writing is a system representing It was not an easy way to reach words. It is one of the biggest the perfection and simplicity of the achievements of humanity. Every alphabet. Some previous steps idea or thought can be taken and were necessary. Do you know preserved for posterity. any of them?
- 3. Pictograms or Ideograms In the pictographic or ideographic writing, For example, in Chinese the ideogram you use an image to represent a word or 人 (pronounced “rén”) means an idea. “person” and it is the distorted representation of a male profile. Traffic signals are a modern example of this. Taking this into account, the ideogram Do you know some of them? 囚 (pronounced “qiú”) represents a person inside a square meaning "prisoner". Chinese has got 50.000 signs, and most of the speakers don’t know all of them.
- 4. Syllabaries In the next step of our writing journey we find syllabaries, with signs representing syllables, not words. A famous example is the Linear B, which represents the Greek language. The Phaistos disk
- 5. The Alphabet Alphabet is the natural evolution of The first alphabet we know dates syllabary. back to 1500 BC. It had 30 signs, just for the consonants. Each sign represents a sound, reducing its number and multiplying its capacity to create millions of words and to express abstract ideas. Ugaritic alphabet Cuneiform writing was used by several Near Orient Ancient cultures. This writing evolved from an ideographic one to a syllabic one and finally to an alphabetic one.
- 6. The Phoenician Alphabet The first cuneiform alphabet evolved into Phoenician in 1400 BC. It consisted of 22 consonants. It’s the origin of all the Western alphabets: Hebrew and Aramaic (and from this the Arabian) כריסטיאנו רונאלדו / كرستيانو رونالدو Greek (and from this Etruscan) Κριστιάνο Ρονάλντο Latin (directly from Etruscan) Cristiano Ronaldo Cyrillic, that comes from Greek and Hebrew. Криштиану Роналду
- 8. The Alphabets in the World
- 9. Hieroglyphs Hieroglyph means “sacred engraving” because it initially represented Gods in temples and tombs. It was extremely hard to dechipher them because one design could represent a sound, a syllable or a word/idea. Jean-François Champollion was the first scholar to decipher them. The discovery in 1799 of the Rosetta Stone by Napoleon’s troops made deciphering possible.
- 10. Ancient Writing Materials Stone: generally to engrave Clay: ancient cultures wrote on fresh important texts. clay with a cane stylus. Cuneiform writing
- 11. Wax: it was very common in Rome. A Wood: pieces of wood cut into cap of wax was added on little slabs very thin sheets were varnished of wood, so you could write on them and engraved upon. with a stylus. Words of Khakheperresoneb
- 12. Papyrus: it is a plant whose leaves the Parchment: it is made with Egyptians used to make something like leather. Monks wrote on it paper. They pasted one leaf to with a goose pen. They put another and made a roll. They used ink one piece of parchment on and a little stick to write with. another and tied them to make a codex, the predecessor of our books.
- 13. Modern Writing Materials Paper: it was invented in China in the 2nd century AD. It was introduced in the West in the 8th century and it replaced parchment gradually. The printing press was invented in the 15th century and paper became the common writing material until the invention of the electronic ones. Dunhuang Chinese Sky Gutenberg's press