The Great Pyamid Of Giza Is One Of The Seven Wonders Of...

The Great Pyamid of Giza is One of the Seven Wonders of...
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the most famous pyramid(Barrow). It is over 140 meters high and that
makes it the largest pyramid in the world(Barrow). Even though it is massive in size, it only took
about 20 years to build(Barrow). People think this pyramid is famous because, it is very large and
was built before the major advancements in technology. Another reason, why people think the
pyramid is famous is because, it is one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World(Great). The Great
Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and the only monument still standing of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient
World(Great). The ways that the Egyptians built the pyramids was amazing. The history of pyramids
is very interesting. The first know pyramid is the Step Pyramid. ... Show more content on
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So, the pyramids were ways to protect the pharaoh's body so that they could live on in the
afterlife(Barrow). The pyramids were built by cutting up large blocks into smaller more movable
blocks. Then they were pushed up ramps and put in there right spot on the pyramid. There was an
estimated 20,000 workers and took about 23 years just to build The Great Pyramid of Giza(Ancient).
The pyramids took so long to build that when a pharaoh came into power, he started construction on
his pyramid right away(Ancient). The pyramids are built mostly out of limestone(Ancient), because
they had so much of it in that time.
There are about 138 pyramids in Egypt(Ancient). Some are huge and some very small compared to
the Great Pyramid of Giza. It is 480 feet tall and was made out of about 2.3 million blocks of
limestone(Ancient). One thing that is very interesting is that the bases of the pyramids are perfect
squares and they didn't have any of the machines that we have today(Ancient). Something nobody
knows is that "In 2006, Michel Barsoum undertook extensive chemical and x–ray analysis of both
the external and internal sections of pyramid stones...Results that some portions of...pyramids are
actually made from concrete...(Logan). Inside the pyramids there is many things. The most common
things to find in a pyramid is the pharaoh and any treasures or possessions that his family thought he
might need in the afterlife(Barrow)(Ancient). On the walls of the tomb are paintings and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Ancient World Research Paper
INTRO: The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World inspired awe and fascination during their time.
The Seven Wonders include; the Great Pyramids at Giza, the Colossus of Rhodes, Hanging Gardens
of Babylon, the Temple of Artimas at Ephesus, the Statue of Zeus, the Mausoleum of Hallcannassus
and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. Most of the seven wonders were destroyed by earthquakes,
except for the Great Pyramids at Giza, which is the only one still standing today. The Colossus of
Rhodes was a large bronze statue which stood near the harbor of Rhodes. The Hanging Gardens of
Babylon were built by King Nebuchadnezzer II for one of his wives, because she missed her
homeland. The Temple of Artimas at Ephesus was built around 5000 bc. The Statue of Zeus was the
most famous statue in the ancient world. The Mausoleum of Hallcannassus was famous because of
its large size and decoration. All large tombs are named mausoleums today. The Lighthouse of
Alexandria was designed by Greek architect, Sotratos.
DET: The Great Pyramid at Giza is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each side of the pyramid is oriented with a cardinal direction, "North, South, East or West".
HOW: Ancient methods of building required various techniques. Historians believe that The Great
Pyramids were built around 2560 B.C.. They were built by slaves and it is believed that they moved
the stones from a quarry and hoisted/lifted them into place. The Pyramids at Giza have concave
sides. They were 147 meters tall, but today, because of erosion, they are only 139 meters tall. If
modern day man attempted to build an exact replica of the Great Pyramids, it would be impossible.
WHY: The Great Pyramids at Giza is included as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
because they were admired by so many people of the Ancient World. All were amazed to understand
how these structures were built and could withstand the environmental destruction caused to the
other great

How Does Pop Culture Exist
We have all seen pop culture references to little people from books that later lead to featured
movies, like Gulliver's Travels or the Lord of the Rings. Most will write this off figments of fantasy
or sci–fi writer imaginations. But, what if I told you there is evidence that civilizations of very small
humans –– many smaller than modern dwarfs and midgets –– did indeed exist all over the planet, in
our ancient past? Makhunik little villageThe most recent example took place when an ancient city
was excavated, in modern–day Shahdad, Iran. Before the early 40's, the belief was no civilization
lived in that part of Iran. Iran Daily explained that all changed when ancient pottery was found in
the area. They found a civilization that spread some 60 kilometers in heart of the Lut Desert. The ...
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They were given to either the Smithsonian or local universities and never seen from again! The
Shoshone Indians of Wyoming, have oral traditions of encounters of very small being they called the
Nimerigar. They say the little people attacked them with tiny bows and poisoned arrows. However,
it should be noted that most oral traditions about little people from across the world say they were a
peaceful and loving people that helped others and were spiritually evolved. So, this may have just
been a particular violent species amongst what are normally peaceful species This area of the US is
not the only place in the country that has had finds like these. Coffee County, Tennesse: From article
in the Anthropological Institute, Journal, 6:100, 1876. (The passage can be found in the book
Ancient Man: A Handbook of Puzzling

Dolmens Research Paper
In the Caucasus region, situated on both sides of the Caucasus Mountains, lie thousands of lesser
known paleolithic stone structures. Defined as Dolmens, they are dated to range in age from 10,000
to 25,000 years old and were built using two or more megaliths to support a large, horizontal
capstone. No two Dolmens are alike, since these structures were constructed in harmony with the
surrounding environment. Researches agree with the most probable theory about what purpose the
Dolmens might have served. The probable theory being they were used as shelters and homes. The
Dolmens are found in high concentrations on both the north and south side of the Caucasus
Mountains. The highest concentration of Dolmens are built on the ... Show more content on
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The Plate Dolmens are essentially stone boxes. Constructed of 5 large sheets of stone, they have 4
walls and 1 roof. The Plate construction is believed to be used by 92% of Dolmens. The Compound
Dolmens are improvised Plate Dolmens; they are constructed using smaller chunks or sheets of
stone to form a lower quality Dolmen. Trough–shaped Dolmens were made by hollowing out an
existing rock, then covering it with a removable stone. The Monolithic Dolmens are made to
simulate the Plate Dolmens; they are also made from hollowing out a rock, but they were carved to
look almost exactly like a Plate Dolmen. The one element that stays constant no matter the
construction style are the porthole openings. Each Dolmen has a circular opening either drilled or
chipped out of the south facing megalith. Found in almost every Dolmen were single stone spheres
roughly the same size as the porthole which were most likely used to plug the opening. Researches
suggest that the Dolmens were used as houses or shelters. Being built in close proximity from each
other and near a large body of water gives strong evidence that the Dolmens were 3 used as shelters
to form a town or a small tribes. Further evidence found was inside the

Khufu Pyramid Leader
Khufu a great pyramid builder. He has done Many great things for his people, things like lead his
military into the Nubia Libya. Khufu accomplishments lots of things, he had even built the great
Pyramid Of Giza. Khufu had done lots of things in his lifespan.
Who was Khufu?
Khufu was born Khnum–Khufwy to Hetepheres 1 and Snefru. He was born in 2589 BC. His father
Snefru was a great pyramid builder. Khufu came to the throne in his twenties. He started ruling in
2609 BC, he then had started working on his pyramid.
What did Khufu do as a leader?
Throughout ruling he has lead his people through many things.He lead then into the Nubia Libya
and the Sinai. He had build a small boat to transport his people in when they went to war. He also
helped

Great Pyramid Of Giza Research Paper
The Great Pyramid of Giza is a fascinating and mysterious Wonder of the World. In fact, it is the
only ancient Wonder of the World still intact ("Great"). Today it is a very popular tourist attraction.
A museum exhibit at the Museum of Science and Industry even built a replica of the pyramid made
entirely of Legos ("Nelson"). There is much curiosity and many theories as to what (or whom) the
pyramid is for, and who built the gigantic structure. Explorers are doing whatever they can to
uncover its secrets from within. The size of the structure in itself is one of the most puzzling
mysteries of them all. Located ten miles west of Cairo, on the northern part of the Giza Plateau, the
pyramid stands at a towering four–hundred–four feet tall, with

King Khufu: The Great Pyramid Of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza was once a magnificent pyramid built by the King of all Egypt King
Khufu. In this time he built one of the most biggest and mathematical buildings in the world. But it
took the determination of the leader that they had would have to put all the time and effort into
building the pyramids making sure that they have the right sort of men who would complete the
task. The meaning of the pyramid is coming from the Greek words PYRAMIS and PYRAMIDOS
which is related to the shape of the build of the pyramid. Then the other word Pyramidos being
translated as "Fire In the Middle." ("Great Pyramid of Giza Research Association") King Khufu had
started the construction the pyramid in 2589 B.C. and had went on for almost over 20 ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is believed the pyramid was built as a tomb for Fourth dynasty Egyptian King Khufu and
constructed over a 20 year period concluding around 2560 BC. Based on Stephen Mehler's research
the King Khufu was never even buried there in his Pyramid. When they investigated to see if there
had anyone buried there no signs of nothing ever being there. ("Great Pyramid of Giza Research
Association") The Great Pyramid of Giza stamds on the northern edge of Giza Plateau which in
roughly 10 miles west of Cairo it wasmade with two–half millipn blocks of limestone. When they
building of the pyramid started to begin the drawings of it was have precise measurement in which
the Egyptians had. The block lying started they would lay a block that weighed about 2 to 70 tons
each and had 100,000 similar casting stones. Then when they started the second level to the pyramid
the cement that they used was extremely fine and strong and which defies chemical analysis. The
measurements were so good with the technogly they had

The Pyramids Of Giza Pyramids
When I think of Egypt and hieroglyphics the first thing that has always come
to mind has always been the Great pyramids of Giza. The pyramids of Giza in total are three,
these are some of the most famous pyramids in the world and some of the most famous
landmarks of Egypt. Growing up I would always think of one day traveling to egypt and
climbing to the top. This is why I decided to do my research paper on this work of art and great
monument of art history. With this paper I was able to research into detail about; The Great
Pyramids of Giza, which include The Pyramid (Pyramid of Khufu), The Pyramid of
Chephren(Khafre) and The Pyramid of Menkaure.
The first and the largest of the pyramids of giza is known as The Great Pyramid of Giza
(pyramid of Cheops) made by and for Khufu, The second Egyptian Pharaoh of the fourth
dynasty. The estimated time it took to build the pyramid was 20 years, in which 2.3 million
limestone blocks were used. It is also know to be the biggest pyramid in egypt. The main
purpose of this pyramid is known to serve as the pharaoh's tomb, also known as "house of
eternity" as described in class. The Great Pyramid is estimated to be 481 feet tall
and each of its sides measured at each base 755 feet an 8 inches. This pyramid was built so
accurately that the largest error found is no larger than an inch. If weighed this pyramid is
estimated to weigh six million tons. The great Pyramid has a stone foundation that rests on a

The Heave-Ho Method Of Building Pyramids
Evidence from ancient Egypt shows that these guys knew a thing or two about building pyramids.
They show how built several pyramids under different pharaohs and techniques but today they're
still standing. While many have said the pyramids have been the work of aliens, many egyptologists
disagree. From years of research, a solid explanation has crom from Davidovits and Morris, who
believe that the ancient Egyptians cast their pyramid block and did not quarry them.
For years, the heave–ho method of building the pyramids has been the most logical. This involved
ramps being used to move the pyramid blocks and other materials to the right level. While remains
of ramps have been found, they were small and most likely used for climbing opposed to raising
stone blocks. in addition, to sustain the 1400 block per day on the Great Pyramid, they would have
needed 52,000 workers with 140 workers on each stone making four trips per day on a ramp, which
seems highly unlikely. Aside from all of this, there are also no murals of Egyptian workers using
ramps on the Great Pyramid. There is one showing a statue being dragged, but it's dated to 800 years
after the Great Pyramid was built. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other building techniques at the time were quarrying and casting. Quarrying involved excavating
the stone blocks from the ground and dressing them using stone and copper tools. However, copper
tools were far too soft and therefore unsuitable to dress blocks on the scale needed for the Great
Pyramid. If we look at later building equipment there were wooden rollers but the earliest use of
them have been dated to 1600 BCE, almost a millennium after the Great Pyramid. Through process
of elimination, the only method left is to cast the pyramid blocks directly into

Red Pyramid Research Paper
The Red Pyramid was made during the Old Kingdom in Dahshu and is also known as the North
Pyramid. The Red Pyramid is 104 meters (345 ft.) long. This pyramid was built for Pharaoh
Sneferu. This pyramid took about 11–17 years to build and was made with more than 150 layers of
stone! The Red Pyramid was not always red. People took some of the white Tura limestone for
buildings in Cairo, revealing the red limestone beneath.
Inside it's very 19th centuryish. There are 1 burial chamber and 2 smaller chambers that lead to the
empty burial chamber. There is a Mortuary temple that lies east of the pyramid. This is very
interesting because Snefru was the first Pharaoh to use the east–west alignment of the Egyptian
temples to match the path of the Sun. Apparently, the mortuary temple was built in a hurry when
Pharaoh Sneferu died. It is now almost ruined, but people have tried to rebuild it.It is thought that
the son of Pharaoh Snefru, Pharaoh Khufu, buried his father in the burial chamber. For some strange
reason, no remains have been found. A lot of historians believe Pharaoh Sneferu was buried in the
Red Pyramid and later taken out of the Red Pyramid by a thief. ... Show more content on
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The reason the red pyramid is called the Red Pyramid, is because the limestone that they used was
red .Remember that this is the 3rd largest pyramid in Egypt. This is one of the only pyramids that
can still be toured. This pyramid still has casing stones. The tallest pyramid, the pyramid of Giza,
was made by Sneferu's son. The reason why the Red Pyramid is smaller is due to the slope being a
lot broader and longer than the Great Pyramid's. This had the first capstone as a roof of an Egyptian
pyramid. Some Egyptians call this pyramid, el–heram el– wat–waat, which means the Bat

The Importance Of The Ancient Egyptian Pyramids In Giza
There is much debate on how the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids in Giza were built. King Khufu's
pyramid, from the Old Kingdom, stands at 146 meters high, has a base of 230 meters, while using
2.4 million stone blocks; each block averaging between 2.5 to 15 tons (Van Der Mieroop). These
extreme numbers force researchers to try and create hypotheses on how the Ancient Egyptians were
able to construct such colossal monuments. Although we have an idea of where and how the
Egyptians obtained the materials used for their creation, it is still unclear how they were able to take
stone blocks that weighted several tons so high up, have such precision that not even a credit card
could slip through the blocks, and was capable of pointing the pyramids ... Show more content on
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Bethany Simpson (Ask Rose how to Cite), it was said that through the examination of the workers
living area, it is known that the workers were fed quite well. They were fed large quantities of high–
end meats like cattle. But more importantly, the pyramid was constructed to be a cosmic engine for
the pharaoh. The creation of a pyramid represented the rule of universal order, which included the
changing of days and seasons, as we as the flooding of the Nile. The mechanics of the pyramid as a
cosmic engine depend largely on a term called "Kheperu". This concept is used in relation to a
person and their distinct phases of life and death (cite Lehner). In death, the pharaoh will experience
transformations that include the Ka, the Ba, and the body interacting. This leads to the final step in
the transformation in which the pharaoh becomes Akh, the spiritual state of an Egyptian. The
pyramid was an essential instrument that allowed these transformations to occur, and are better
understood as the meeting point in life and light with the darkness and death (cite Lehner). Along
with being a vessel for the transformation and revival of pharaohs into the afterlife with the Gods, it
was also an Icon. The pyramid was a giant symbol that at times is regarded as just a hieroglyph. The
pharaoh wanted to apply a personal nature, his human characteristic to something nonhuman and
everlasting so that he can live forever in the eyes of everyone who sees his pyramid when

Major Accomplishments Of Pharaoh Khufu : The Pyramid Builder
Pharaoh Khufu Nickname: The Pyramid Builder Ruled: 2551 to 2528 B.C.E Ruled During: Old
Kingdom Major Accomplishments: He helped established the pharaoh as a central authority and the
Great Pyramid of Giza. The Great Pyramid of Giza took 20 years to build, it was made with more
than 2 million stone blocks, and the king's chamber had six different roofs.Building the Great
Pyramid was an amazing feat. No one knows exactly how the Egyptians did it.Khufu had strict
control of the building project. He organized and fed thousands of workers. The finished pyramid
was a stunning monument to the Egyptians. Also he declared himself as a god. Life: Not much is
known about Khufu. Some stories describe Pharaoh Khufu as a cruel, harsh ruler. Others say that he
was powerful, but nice. III.PHARAOH HATSHEPSUT Nickname: Promoter of Egyptian Trade
Ruled:1473 to 1458 Ruled During: The New Kingdom Major Accomplishments: Hatshepsut was the
first female pharaoh in Egypt. She was one of the Woman pharaohs of Egypt being a god to the
people and also declaring the same respect as a man Pharaoh. Hatshepsut left behind a stunning
monument to her reign–a great temple at Dayr al–Bahri (deer ahl–BAH–ray). The main part of the
temple was built into a cliff above the Nile River. At the entrance were two tall, thin monuments
called obelisks. The entrance was also graced by 200 sphinx statues. The sphinx is a mythical
creature with the

The Great Sphinx Research Paper
The Great Sphinx
What has a body of a lion and a face of a man? Well, the answer is... THE GREAT SPHINX!!! It is a
pyramid in Egypt that holds a pharaoh's (a ruler's) body in it. Scientists believe that it is older than
Jesus but no one really knows when it was built.
The Great Sphinx needed a lot of people to build. Both men and women worked on it and the only
tools that they used were hammers, chisels, and axes. The Great Sphinx is carved out of one HUGE
block of stone! WOW! It is 187 feet long and 65.7 feet high. The bottom and top layers are hard,
while the middle layer is softer.
The Great Sphinx's body was originally painted red, the headdress stripes blue, and the rest of the
headdress yellow. Sadly, the colours eroded so you can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The future king's name was Tuthmosis IV. After falling asleep in the shade of the Sphinx when out
hunting, the pharaoh dreamt that the great beast was choking from the sand engulfing it, and that it
told him if he cleared the sand he would obtain the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. In between
the front paws of the Sphinx is a granite stela, now called the "Dream Stela", which is inscribed with
the story of the pharaoh's dream. After that, the Sphinx got buried by sand again, but it was unburied
by archaeologists. The entire Sphinx was excavated in 1925 to 1936, in digs led by Émile Baraize.
Here is a riddle that the sphinx said, I think you know this one:
What walks on 4 legs in the morning, on 2 at noon, and on 3 in the evening?
Answer: A man
The Great Sphinx is an extraordinary work of art and it has a long and interesting history. We have
to protect its existence because it lasted so long, it should be protected. The Great Sphinx is a dive
deep into our history. :)
Citations
Books:
– Giblin, J. (2004). Secrets of the Sphinx. New York: Scholastic Press. – Stilton, G., Fungo, G.,
McGuinness, N., & McGuinness, N. (2009). The secret of the sphinx. New York: Papercutz.

The Influence Of The Great Pyramids Of Giza
The most famous Egyptian pyramids to be built are the Great Pyramids of Giza, located in the
outskirts of present–day Cairo. There are over 100 Egyptian pyramids of various sizes, and over 50
more in neighboring Sudan. However, the three Great Pyramids of Giza earn their fame by being the
largest of these.
In the most popular pictures of the Pyramids of Giza, like the one shown below, the middle pyramid,
that of Khafre (Chephren), appears larger due to the angle and because it was built on higher ground.
The largest pyramid is actually the Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), the one on the left.
The Great Pyramid of Khufu
Contrary to popular belief, not all the Great Pyramids of Giza are considered part of the Seven
Wonders of the World. Only the largest, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, is a member, and is the only
one of the Seven Wonders that still stands. Egypt was also home to another of the Seven Wonders of
the World, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, which was destroyed long ago. ... Show more content on
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That area is large enough to fit over 20 Olympic–size swimming pools! And for thousands of years,
until the rise of modern–day skyscrapers, the pyramid was the tallest building in the world.
What makes the pyramid an architectural triumph and one of the Seven Wonders of the World is the
fact that the rocks used in its construction each way more than 2 tons. And there are more than 2
million of those rocks.
Greek travelers to ancient Giza wrote that it took a hundred thousand slaves 20 years to construct
the pyramid. However, since they visited Egypt more than 2 thousand years after the Egyptian
pyramids were built, the truth of their accounts are suspect. Modern engineers estimate that it would
likely take less people and less time to build the pyramid using technology that was available at that

Pyramid Of Giza
Imagine the radiating heat of the bright Egyptian sun, mercilessly projecting its rays upon your
back. Your bones ache for rest, your body thirst for water and your feet are callused from the
blistering, Giza sand beneath you. Gazing from right to left are what seems like thousands of men,
working around you in an effort to complete the impossible task that lays before them. For centuries
and centuries, the Great Pyramid of Giza has withstood the test of time, and rises to be the oldest of
the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Formed from the ground up, with incredible precision,
unwavering determination and advanced engineering, the Egyptians managed to construct a
monument that would last nearly 5,000 years after its completion. Originally ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
As any one can imagine, this was a very difficult task, as each stone needed to be faultlessly
position. If a block of stone was too jagged or unevenly proportioned, it would be chiseled down
until not even the thinnest piece of paper could fit between the crack of two stones side by side. As
far as how the stones were set, not much information is given. Some scientist believe that several
ramps where used towards the end of the project in order to transport the blocks from the ground to
the top part of the pyramid. Evidence reveals that levers where use to help ease the weight of a 2 ton
block and what appears to be an incredibly early form of a pulley may have also been

Essay on The Great Pyramid of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza is also recognized as the Pyramid of Khufu, Khufu's Pyramid and
Pyramid of Cheops. It is the most significant and earliest structure in the world. This pyramid is the
oldest of the three pyramids standing on the Giza Necropolis. It is also the largest of them all (Larry,
2000). This great pyramid is located on the northern edge of the Giza Plateau, which is 25 km
outskirts, southwest of Cairo, Egypt. It is the only remaining standing monument of the Seven
Wonders of the Ancient World (Crystalink, 2011). It is said that the pyramid was built as the tomb
for the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian King Khufu (known in Greek as Cheops).
The pyramid is believed to have been built for over 20 years by a workforce of 100,000 ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It seems that the pyramid was never completed to be built. This is because it has a flat top and not
pointed as it ought to have. Its summit is truncated and it is uneven and coarse and it is 30 square
feet in measurement. This is unlike other pyramids which were put a top stone that crowned them
and completed their structure (gizapyramid.com, 2011). Other sources suggest that originally the cap
existed but is currently missing. They say that the cap stone was sheathed in gold and this golden
cap with the beautiful encased white limestone made an impressive, shining sight in the bright sun
in Egypt (Krystek, 2010).
The limestone's that were used to build the pyramids were taken from quarries along the Nile River.
When the building was completed the Great Pyramid was surfaced using white casing stones that
slanted and were flat at the top (Krystek, 2010). The smooth blocks were beautiful, extremely well
polished and white. This came to be known as the Casing Stones (Krystek, 2010). These have since
then been cut off by Arabs who use them to build mosques in Cairo. However, a few of them still
remain. Before the Arabs begun to strip off the casing stones they were very beautiful to look at. The
original pyramid with its white casing would operate like humongous mirrors that powerfully
reflected light on the moon and be seen like a star on earth (gizapyramid.com, 2011).
The Great Pyramid at Giza demonstrates a very remarkable aspect of its location on the surface of
the

Pharaoh Khufu Research Paper
Pharaoh Khufu
Ruled: 2551 to 2528 B.C.E. (Old Kingdom)
Ruler Type: Depicted as harsh and cruel in stories, but others say he was powerful, but kind.
Major Achievement(s): Established the position of Pharaoh as the central authority by claiming
himself a god. He was also responsible for the construction of The Great Pyramid of Giza.
How Egypt Flourished: He made sure all of his people had food and jobs.
The Great Pyramid of Giza
Pharaoh Senusret I
Ruled: 1971 to 1926 B.C.E. (Middle Kingdom)
Ruler Type: Strong leader who ruled a stable unified Egypt.
Major Achievement(s): Advances in religious architecture. He had many shrines, temples, and
religious monuments improved and built. His most famous architectural achievement was the White
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Eventually Pharaoh Ramses would move on to make the world's first peace treaty with the Hittites.
One of the four 66–foot statues of Ramses II, seated at the entrance of the main temple at Abu
Simbel
Old Kingdom:
Pharaoh Khufu
Ruled: 2551 to 2528 B.C.E.
Major Achievements: Responsible for the building of The Great Pyramid of Giza and establishing
the position of pharaoh as the central authority.
Middle Kingdom:
Pharaoh Senusret I
Ruled: 1971 to 1926 B.C.E.

Major Achievements: He had many shrines, temples, and religious monuments improved and built.
The most famous one was the White Chapel.
New Kingdom:
Pharaoh Hatshepsut
Ruled: 1473 to 1458 B.C.E.
Major Achievements: She was the first female pharaoh. Her largest architectural achievement was a
temple above the nile that was built into a cliff.
Pharaoh Ramses II
Ruled: 1290 to 1224 B.C.E
Major Achievements: He became an army captain at age 10. He made a peace treaty with the
Hittites. His greatest Architectural achievement was the temple carved into a cliff above the Nile
River at Abu Simbel.
Egypt: The Land of the

Essay on The Great Pyramids
The Great Pyramids
Throughout the thousands of years that the Great Pyramid has been standing, there have been many
myths and legends that sprung up. Among them was a landing site for alien spacecraft, a spacecraft
itself, or the means to predict the future. This report is going to explain the actual reason the Great
Pyramid of Giza exists, how and why it has existed for so long, and the story of its construction.
The builder of the Great Pyramid does not get enough credit for his unbelievable achievement.
Khufu (Also known as Cheops) was pharaoh for 24 years, 20 of which were occupied by the
construction of the pyramid. The Greeks of the period called him Cheops but his original Egyptian
name was Khufu. Despite building ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Until the 19th century it was the tallest building in the world and, at the age of 4,500 years, it is the
only one of the famous "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" that still stands. It is the Great
Pyramid of Khufu, at Giza, Egypt.
Some of the earliest history of the Pyramid comes from a Greek traveler named Herodotus of
Halicanassus. He visited Egypt around 450 BC and included a description of the Great Pyramid in a
history book he wrote. Herodotus was told by his Egyptian guides that it took twenty–years for a
force of 100,000 oppressed slaves to build the pyramid. Stones were lifted into position by the use
of immense machines. The purpose of the structure, according to Herodotus's sources, was as a tomb
for the Pharaoh Khufu (whom the Greeks referred to as Cheops).
Most of what Herodotus tells us is probably false. Scientists calculate that fewer men and fewer
years were needed than Herodotus suggests. It also seems unlikely that slaves or complicated
machines were needed for the pyramid construction. It isn't surprising that the Greek historian got it
wrong. By the time he visited the site the great pyramid was already 20 centuries old, and much of
the truth about it was shrouded in the mists of history.
Certainly the idea that it was a tomb for a Pharaoh, though, seems in line with Egyptian practices.
For many centuries before and after

Ancient Egypt: The Great Pyramids Of Giza
Chris Donahue
FAS 201: Introduction to Humanities
Southern New Hampshire University
January 20, 2017
The theme I have chosen is the Quest for immortality/ creation of legacy. Ancient Egyptians
believed that there was a life after death; they focused much of their life preparing for the afterlife.
The afterlife did not come easy to them, as they felt like they needed to live the best life possible
otherwise they would not be accepted into the afterlife.
My picture artwork will focus on the great pyramids of Giza which were designed by a fourth
dynasty king, Sneferu between 2686–2667 BC. The pyramids were constructed for the fourth
dynasty pharaoh Khufu and were completed around 2560 BC. These pyramids took approximately
20 years to construct. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It appears to focus on kings need to capture prisoners, and a soldier's willingness to complete their
missions. This creates the tone of formation of a legacy. Seeing how Egyptians believed what
happened in your normal life dictated how you would live your afterlife, this soldier was trying to
"make a name for himself".
While the two pieces are used to portray creating a legacy there are some difference between the
two. The pharaoh constructed the pyramids as a tomb so that he could leave his legacy in Egypt. The
narrator of the biography of Amenemhab focuses on a soldier fighting battles and capturing
prisoners outside of Egypt. Their main goal was to expand Egypt but the soldier was looking to
leave his legacy with the king, by being rewarded for capturing prisoners.
Pharaoh Khufu gave thanks to those who helped build his pyramid, by providing clothing and food.
This gesture would mean that he was remembered for centuries and included in many stories. The
same held true for the soldier from the biography, by consistently completing his mission and
returning with prisoners for the king he would be remembered. Not only did the king give him gold
as thanks, but his achievements were carved on his tomb walls. Furthermore I will show the
connection to the Quest for immortality/ creation of legacy during the ancient Egyptian

Pyramid Of Giza Creative Writing
I didn't know what to do, should I or should I not? I felt a sudden urge, so I went with my gut.
Nevertheless, I jumped... I woke up... there was sand in my mouth and dirt in my ears. I could see
phosphenes as I rubbed my eyes. Up above me, was... a pyramid? I feel disoriented. So I quickly get
up, scanning the area. In front of me are some small pyramids, and to the left and right were
temples. Behind me was the most ineffable structure I have ever seen. It was the Pyramid of Giza.
The oldest wonder of the world. If this is the Pyramid of Giza, then I am somewhere in Cairo,
Egypt. Towering over everyone's head, this structure was far beyond what I have heard about the
Pyramid of Giza. In my mind, some mellifluous music was playing. It stood tall at about 406 feet. I
was comparing how small the people were compared to the pyramid. I wondered how many years
this took to built. My senses did not want to believe this, it was almost as if they were protesting
against the idea of being stuck in ancient times. I need solutions. I look around for anyone official. I
see him, with a badge, shorts, and a workout shirt, I don't judge the official. It IS pretty warm here. I
walk up to him, and he interrupts before I can say anything. "‫تحتاج؟‬ ‫"ماذا‬ His language seems to be
esoteric, so I try the classic "Hola," which is I think... Spanish? He seems offended by my random
comment and points to the pyramid. With an embarrassed look on my face, I try to fit in as I walk to
the pyramid. I just

The Pyramid Of Giza And The Pyramids
Although much research stays to be done in these zones, legend, prehistoric studies, arithmetic, and
earth sciences appear to show that the Great Pyramid was a fantastic gadget for get–together,
enhancing, and centering a baffling vitality field for the profound advantage of individuals. We don
't know precisely how the pyramid and its principle chamber were utilized, and the geometric
structure of the pyramid has been quietly adjusted by the evacuation of the packaging stones and the
top stone (Ruggles, 2015). None–the–less, the Great Pyramid of the Giza level still radiates
incredible power as a transformational force place. It has done as such for uncounted a huge number
of years and appears to be bound to proceed for a long time to come.
The Pyramid of Giza is a generous antiquated structure on the planet and the most baffling (Ruggles,
2015). As per winning archeological hypothesis and there is truly no proof to affirm this thought the
three pyramids on the Giza level are funerary structures of three kings of the fourth dynasty.
The Great Pyramid has intrigued individuals for a large number of years, yet the more it is
examined, the more inquiries emerge (Bartlett, 2014). The standard hypothesis, which it was
fabricated as a tomb for Pharaoh Khufu around 2360 B.C., utilizing just copper apparatuses, wood,
rope and sweat, is still around, yet it is less and less ready to answer the inquiries new proof offers
ascend to. The new confirmation has offered ascent to various

The Construction Of Stonehenge
The Stonehenge is one of the most recognizable and famous ring of standing stones that have
fascinated archaeologists, historians and the general public for many years. There are many different
theories about when it was built and why it was built. Stonehenge was built in Britain. The
Stonehenge symbolizes mystery, power, and endurance and there are 80 stones all together and all
weighing 4 tons and 50 tons teach and were approximately built 5,000 years ago. Some people
speculated that it was a temple made for the worship of ancient earth gods. The ancients would have
been worth the effort and investment that it took to construct Stonehenge. The natives of England
constructed Stonehenge by digging with deer antlers as picks, the circle is 320 feet in diameter, and
the ditch itself is 20 feet wide and 7 feet deep. Modern experiments have shown that these tools
were more than equal to the great task of earth digging and moving. Modern theories speculate that
the stones were dragged by roller and sledge from the inland mountains to the headwaters of Milford
Haven. Modern work studies estimate that at least 600 men would have been needed just to get each
stone past this obstacle. Some people argue that space aliens constructed Stonehenge. Others argue
that Stonehenge was a place of ancient healing, and archaeologists have discovered skeletons at the
site riddled with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many different theories about why and when Stonehenge was built with rocks that weight
50 tons each impossible for us to put together using only deer antlers and rope to pull the rock into
the ditch or hole for it to stand up and to build Stonehenge with only tools that people used back

Khufu Research Paper
The pyramid of Giza is known as the Great Pyramid of Khufu too. His pyramid was 480 feet tall. It
was the tallest man–made structure in the whole world for almost 4,000 years. Khufu believed the
Great Pyramid was his stairway to heaven. Also, the sides absolutely aligned with the points of the
compass. The north side faces the north, the east side faces the east, etc. It is estimated that at least
2.3 million limestone stones were used in the making of the Great Pyramid of Khufu. Each one of
the2.3 million limestone weighed between two and 15 tons.
There are two entrances into the Great Pyramid. The original one is 55 feet above the ground. The
second was made by Arab soldiers who broke into the tomb . The Giza pyramid Is in the Libyan ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Khufu ruled during the Old Kingdom He was the second pharaoh of the fourth dynasty of kings.
Khufu, whose real name was Khnum–Khufwy, which means ,"Khnum Protects Me." Khnum was
the ancient ram–headed god of procreation, water and fertility. The Greeks named Khufu "Cheops".
The only statue of Khufu known in existence today is a three inch high ivory statue. Khufu is best
known for his ideas on building the Great Pyramid at Giza Khufu was worshiped long after he died
people still worshiped him 2000 years after his death. Part of the Pharaoh's spirit called his ka was
thought to stay with his body after he died.. His body had to be taken care of so he could do his his
new duties as king of the dead. It's was thought that the pyramid was not only his tomb but also a
place to store everything he would need in his afterlife. "The people of Ancient Egypt believed that
death on Earth was the start of a journey to the next world".
Pharaohs were buried with gold, masks, statues and jewelry. Sometimes a mummified pet would be
buried in a pyramid with its owner, so that the owner could spend forever with a loved

The Ancient Egyptian Pyramids
Pyramids greatness is beyond comprehension. The ancients who built the pyramids in Egypt were
the greatest architects to ever live. Their very precise designs while using primitive tools is superb to
what we see today. They built this monu–ments for the pharaohs that ruled over them. The creation
of the pyramids is incredible. Choosing the location site is the most important part of construction
the pyramids. They were typically placed on the Imentet, the west bank of the Nile which is the
realm of the dead. It would also have to near a quarry so they can reach the stone for building (Ayad
14). After a location was pick, it had to be leveled out. The way they achieved it by cutting trenches
into the ground and letting water flood through them. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some will show objects for Egyptian mythology, including the Sphinx. We do not know if these
formations left a lasting im–pressions on the Egyptians, but we know the variety of rocks helped
them survive as long as they did. While only a few places had exposed rocks, many places had a soft
layer of sandstone that was covered up by different types of limestone, which the ancients used for
building. While in Egypt, the Te–thys Sea uncovered what became a great deposit of limestone and
sandstone, used to build structures. This process made stone spilt horizontally by nature and made
vertical channels which created rough blocks, which were gladly accepted as a gift to Egypt
("Stones" 1). For building a pyramid, being near massive amounts of building material was very
important, so was routes to the desert were they mined, or traded, for rarer rocks. Even a rock that is
difficult to obtain, granite, was used in surplus amounts. Granite forms deep inside the earth from
molten magma, it forms a boulder and shifts upward as the earth moves, "though this cannot account
for all the estimated 45,000 cubic meters of granite which were shipped from Aswan to Memphis...".
("Stones" 1) Granite is a very hard stone and difficult to cut, but they still cut it very precisely. We
do not know for sure how they were able to do this, but someone has come up with a very good
description of

Why Is The Stonehenge Important
The Stonehenge is a massive stone monument located on a 'chalky plain' north of Salisbury,
England. It was built between 4,000–5,000 years ago and believed to be completed in 3100 BC. It is
made up of two main stones: Sarsens and Bluestones. The sarsen stones are considered the biggest
stones, while the bluestones are referenced as the smallest ones. There are many mysteries of the
Stonehenge that have yet to be revealed. It is a magical and allegorical monument in England.
The surface area of one of the stones used in a Trilithon Horseshoe is 222.87m^2. I found the
surface area using the formula, PH+2B. The volume of the same stone is 8.075m^3. This was found
using the formula, BH. These formulas were used to calculate the surface area and the volume
because the shape of the stone I chose is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are three theories that are thought to be the reason in creating the massive monument. One
theory is that it was used as a sacred burial site. Finds of skeletons and burial mounds and the
existence of a ceremonial route are evidence that it was used as a burial site. Another theory is that it
was used as a site Celestial and Astronomical Alignments. The only evidence to support this theory
is that the timings of the cermonies are significant. Lastly, there is a theory in which the Stonehenge
was used as a place for healing. Many ancient societies argue that the bluestones had healing
properties. Many sacred and significant stones make up the construction of the Stonehenge. The
Trilithon Horseshoe is five sets of stones arranged in a horseshoe shaped pattern. The Slaughter
Stone is a stone in the ground which is regarded as the entrance to the monument. The sun rises next
to the Heel Stone during the summer solstice. The Heel Stone is located along the Avenue, a series
of ditches. Finally, the Alter Stone, located inside the Trilithon Horseshoe, is made up of

Karnak Research Paper
Karnak, sometimes referred to as the Karnak Temple Complex, is one of the most striking wonders
of Egypt. The immense structure covers roughly an entire square kilometer, making it the largest
religious building to date. Construction of the sanctuary most likely began about 4000 years ago,
when Wah–Ankh Intef II was ruling, but it wasn't completed until around 100 AD. The building,
which is located in Thebes, east of the Nile River, constitutes four divisions; the south, east, north,
and central Karnak. Each of these sections contain sanctuaries, statues and other holy structures to
honour the Gods, Kings and Queens of Egypt.
Spread throughout the temple are 10 pylons that were built in the years that Karnak was being
erected. These pylons act as entryways to the different sections of the temple and are all connected
to each other by a grid of walls. The First Pylon, which serves as the entrance to the complex, was
actually the last one to be built. However, it was never completed and some of the ramps used to
construct the pylon can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The sheer magnitude of the 134 sandstone columns and the immaculate inscriptions made on the
walls display the extraordinary extent this civilisation went to for the sake of the temple. There are
countless leaders that felt it necessary to have their own names and stories etched into the complex.
Over the centuries, the walls became covered with writings and new engravings had to be made
overtop others. Some of these impressions helped shape our view of the Ancient Egyptians way of
politics, religion and lifestyle. A team of interested Egyptologists from the University of Memphis
and the Université de Québec à Montréal are trying to uncover all the hieroglyphic texts on these
walls and make them available to everyone. This hall may also be home to the first recorded act of
graffiti. Sety I was the pharaoh that constructed the 5000 square meter hall around 1250

How Did Khufu Build Pyramids
Throughout Egyptian history, Pharaohs have constructed pyramids to serve as a resting place and a
gateway into the afterlife. Over a hundred pyramids have existed in Egypt varying in size and in
structure. (world–pyramids.com) The largest, most elaborate pyramid that has been built is the Great
Pyramid of Giza. Khufu was an Egyptian Pharaoh in the fourth dynasty. It is estimated that he
became Pharaoh in his twenties and that he ruled from 2589 B.C to 2566 B.C. Khufu wasted no time
in beginning the construction of his pyramid as soon as he came to power. There is not much known
about this Pharaoh other than his famous construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza for which he is
widely acknowledged for. (www.bbc.co) It was the belief of the

How Were The Great Pyramids Of Giza
How were the Egyptian pyramids constructed?
4,000 years ago the Great Pyramids of Giza were being made for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt.
And today they are astounding tourists and mystifying scientists as until recently there was no clear
theory on how they were made. How were the Egyptian pyramids constructed? The Great Pyramid
of Giza was constructed with an average base width of 230 meters and original height of 147 meters.
Created as a tomb for Khufu, the second king of the Fourth dynasty, the pyramid is the largest
pyramid in the world and the last surviving wonder of the ancient world. The nearly 2 million
granite blocks were quarries at a site a thousand kilometers upstream on the Nile river. There, the
blocks are carved from huge

The Colosseum Research Paper
Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian is responsible for building the Colosseum.
They start building the Colosseum during 72 AD under the control of Vespasian.
It was officially open during 80 AD by Titus.
They finally finish building the Colosseum during 81 AD – 96 AD by Domitian.
People believe that they use 100,000 prisoners that were brought back by Rome after the Jewish War
as slaves to built the Colosseum.
They use many of skilled stonemasons in order to finish this building.
The stairs and seats are made in the workshops and then bought to the Colosseum to be fitted.
They also use professional Roman builders, artists, painters, decorators, and engineers to built part
that required a lot of skills.
They use Travertine Limestone, Tuff/Tufo, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Colosseum symbolizes Roman's honour in architecting and engineering.
The Colosseum is the largest amphitheater built by Roman Empire.
The Colosseum has been built more than 1,931 years ago
The Colosseum is the most popular and highly visited tourist attraction in Rome.
The image of the Colosseum is also in Italy's 5–cent euro coin.
A lot of movie has been filmed in the Colosseum.
The Colosseum is an ancient and amazing landmark.
The Colosseum is very strong, a lot of natural disaster has ruin the structure but it still exist till these
day.
The Colosseum was listed as "World Heritage Site" by UNESCO in 1980.
The Colosseum is also one of the 7 Wonders of the World.
The structure of the Colosseum is very complicated.
For performing different kinds of entertainment to entertain the Roman citizens.
To show the wealth and power of Rome.
To be able to contain up to 80,000 Romans citizen, with the clear view.
To show different kind of wild animals from different places in the Roman Empire.
The guarantee the support from the Emperors Vespasian and Titus among the plebeians
To apply and show Rome's latest engineering and building techniques.
To perform the play about famous Roman battle

Research Paper On Stonehenge
Stonehenge – Stonehenge is located in Wiltshire, UK. The stones date back to 3100 BC. The
Stonehenge is made up of Bluestone, Sarsen and Welsh Sandstone. It is estimated that this
monument took more than thirty million hours of construction. This ancient monument was built in
three stages and is built of almost 100 massive upright stones. Scientists have managed to track the
Bluestone to the Preseli hills in Wales nearly 200 miles from where Stonehenge now lays. An
average of 1 million people visit Stonehenge per year. Stonehenge has a cultural and religious
identification. A few theories have been made to understand more about why the Stonehenge exists.
Some of these include a coronation place, a Druid temple, an astronomical solar computer, a place
where ancestors were worshipped or a cult centre for healing, to be truthful know one really knows.
An interesting fact is that the 1st Duke of Buckingham dug a hole in the centre Stonehenge looking
for treasure. Stonehenge makes approximately 6 million pounds per year. Machu Picchu – Machu
Picchu is one of the most important archeological sites that remains in the world. It's incredible
stonework is built into buildings, padlocks, staircases and towers just to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Fuji is a symbolic Japanese landmark, it's nickname "the Land of the Rising Sun" or traditionally
called Goraiko, shows it's cultural and spiritual importance. This mountain is the tallest in Japan and
is an active volcano. My Fuji is located approximately 100 kilometres away from Tokyo the capital
of Japan. The last time Mt. Fuji erupted was in 1707. More than 200,000 people climb Mt. Fuji
every year. This mountain is sacred to the Japanese people and has been the base of many paintings,
Mt Fuji is also on the world heritage listing. I quote, "In the land of Yamato, It is our treasure, our
tutelary God. It never tires our eyes to look up to the lofty peak of Mount Fuji" – Manyoshu. This
mountain has received much artistic and aesthetic

Slave Labor In Khufu
Khufu was a Pharaoh of the old kingdom period who was most well–known for the construction of
the pyramid of Giza. There is great controversy about whether Khufu utilized slave labor in the
construction of the pyramid. Evidence from Herodotus suggests that slave labor was used in
building the pyramid, however his points can be disproved using archaeological evidence from the
period. The statement that the greater the power, the more powerful the abuse apparently does not
apply to Khufu, despite what Herodotus has said. Khufu rose to power and accomplished great feats,
while simultaneously treating his workers with consideration and respect.
The Pharaoh was a religious and political leader who had certain responsibilities in both defending
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Herodotus would have you believe that Khufu was a cruel ruler who sold his daughter to slavery so
he could build a great tomb for himself, however, the truth is vastly different to what Herodotus and
the Westcar Papyrus depict. The laborers who worked on Khufu's great pyramid were treated with
respect and given medical care and food to support them, they worked shifts, to make sure they did
not overexert themselves, slavery was prominent in Egypt, just not the way Herodotus depicts it.
While the statement that "The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse" may be true in some
cases, it is not displayed by Khufu the

How Did Egyptians Build Pyramids
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the only one of the seven wonders of the world still fairly intact. How
did the Egyptians manage such a feat? Egyptians started building pyramids along the Nile River
5000 years ago. People from all over the world travel to see these magnificent structures. Ancient
Egyptian pyramids are fascinating structures due to the process of building them, the inside
structure, and the varying shapes and sizes. Pyramids are not just large blocks of limestone, but
contain passages and rooms that make pyramid building quite interesting. The Sahara desert,
beneath all the sand, contains thick limestone layers that were used to make almost all of the
pyramid. The first job that the Egyptians had to undertake was to shift

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations were some of the
greatest civilizations in human history. The Greeks and the Romans had many interests and pursuits.
These are cultures that placed a great deal of value in aesthetics and architecture. There are in fact
many structures and artifacts that have survived from those civilizations. The Greek and Romans
pursued and appreciation what they believed to be aesthetic and mathematical perfection. In the
ancient world, these civilizations agreed upon seven examples of perfection, which we now know as
the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The paper will provide a brief examination of the wonders
and provide insight as to why they were and are considered so wonderful. The phrase "Seven
Wonders of the World" was coined in approximately the first and second centuries BC. The "seven
wonders" refer to seven examples of architecture and art that the Romans and Greeks considered to
be as close to perfection as could be reached on Earth by their standards. The seven wonders of the
ancient world are as follows: The Great Pyramid of Giza; The Hanging Gardens of Babylon; The
Statue of Zeus at Olympia; The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus; The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus;
The Colossus of Rhodes; and The Lighthouse of Alexandria. All of the seven wonders are in the
Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Eurasia, and North Africa. Thus, though they are called the seven
wonders of the

The Great Pyramid of Giza Essay
The Great Pyramid of Giza
Who built the Great Pyramid?
The Great Pyramid was built by the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu. Khufuwas born in 2589 BC – 2566
BC. His real name was Khnum–khuf meaning 'the god Khnum is his protection. Khufuwas the son
of another great pyramid builder, King Sneferu. Khufu's mothers name was Hetepheres. Khufuwas
the second king in the 4th dynasty. The Greeks referred Khufu as Cheops
When and Where was the Great Pyramid built?
The Great Pyramid was built in the city of Giza, a resting place of ancient Memphis, and today it is
part of Greater Cairo, Egypt. That's why it is called the Great Pyramid of GIZA. It is near the west
bank of the Nile River. It was built ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's 65 times Yao Ming's height, and Yao Ming's tall!
What Materials was it Built, What Tools were used, and How was it built?
To build the pyramid the Egyptians used rock. They also used limestone to build the pyramid. It was
used to cover the pyramid so it would glimmer under the sun. The best limestone was deeper
underground, so the men tunneled under the ground. The limestone was then removed from
underneath and brought to the building site.
To get the rocks and limestone out of the ground, one man would begin by chipping away at the
rock with a pick. He would dig a channel, growing wider and wider that freed a large block on all
sides except for the base. Then other men would use levers to pry the block free. Once freed, the
rock was then transported to the building site. With 20 men pulling a 2.5–ton block to the building
site, it would take them approx. 20 minutes to cover the distance.
To build the Great Pyramid, the men used tools such as rope, stone hammers, and plumb bobs to
help measure, align, chisel, and more to help in their constructions.
To ensure that the structures began on a level base, a wooden device shaped like the letter A was
probably used. The A was laid on the corner of the structure to see if the two sides formed right
angles. A plumb bob hung from the top of the A. If it hung straight, the builders knew that the base

was level.
Once the

Khufu And Mayan Architecture : The Great Pyramid Of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza was built for the Pharaoh Khufu who ruled Egypt from about 2547–2524
B.C. The pyramid was to be Khufu's and his descendents tomb. Khufu's brother, Hemienu,
supervised the building of "all construction projects of the king". Hemienu's tomb is one of the
largest in a cemetery right next to the pyramid. The Great Pyramid was built with about two million
stone blocks that weighed an average of 2.5 tons. The Great Pyramid stood 481 feet tall and was the
tallest structure for more than 3,800 years until England's Lincoln Cathedral was built standing at
525 feet, a mere 44 feet taller. In 2006, Michel Barsoum, a materials engineering professor at Drexel
University, performed an "extensive chemical and X–ray ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
As previously mentioned, Michel Barsoum investigation of the external and internal sections of the
pyramid stones, with chemical and X–ray, found that portions were made from concrete. This
discovery has been gradually changing the view of groups of workers pushing huge stone blocks up
the sides of the pyramids. Since this pyramid theory does not work, there is a second theory. The
second theory is based on Herodotus's machines. Herodotus was a Greek historian who put forth the
earliest found theory on how the pyramids were built. He visited Egypt around 450 B.C, when the
pyramids were 2,000 years old. Herodotus's machines are crane like devices made of wood called a
shaduf to bring water from the Nile for irrigation. However, this theory is just as unlikely as the first
because there would have had to have been hundreds of these cranes spaced on the pyramid at
different levels. A second flaw is the amount of wood needed to create these cranes. Egypt did not
have unlimited access to wood. The wood would have had to of been imported and importing the
needed amount of wood would be expensive. The third theory is fairly new. This new idea had been
proposed by Jean–Pierre Houdin. Jean–Pierre is a french architect who has devoted over seven years
to create a detailed computer model of the Great Pyramid. Houdin's theory suggests that blocks were
pulled up a straight, external ramp just for the bottom third of the pyramid. Figure 2 is Houdin's 3–D
model of

Ancient Egypt : The World 's Great Civilizations
Proverb 22:28 and 23:10, "Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set ... Remove
not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless." Back into the ancient Egypt , in
order to divide the land and show who owned which part, those large stones were used as landmarks
by most of peoples to divide the land. But regarding to the human nature, some of them were
dishonest thieves, if the owner of the house was not present anymore, they would move the ancient
landmark set by their ancestors. Ancient Egypt is one of the world's great civilizations, the best
known for its incredible monumental architecture typified by the pyramids, such as The Great
Pyramid of Giza, tombs of pharaohs in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the pyramids were clearly used as tombs in order to represent that is the gate of the
Underworld . For example like The Great Pyramid of Giza (also called the Khufu 's Pyramid,
Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheops), located at the the southwestern suburbs of Cairo area,
the reason why I did a research about this due to the fact that it's the most famous ancient Egyptian
monuments, almost all the visitors and Western tourists would attached by that incredible structure
after they been there. The three primary pyramids on the Giza plateau were built over the span of
three generations by the rulers Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. Each pyramid included a temple and a
long stone causeway, most of them were nearly 1 kilometer in length leading east from plateau to
the valley. "The Great Pyramid of Khufu is the oldest and sole remnant of the Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World. Over 2 million blocks of stone were used to construct the pyramid, during a 20 year
period concluding around 2560 BC. The pyramid is an awe–inspiring 139 meters high making it the
largest pyramid in Egypt, although nearby Khafre' s Pyramid appears to be larger as it is build at a
higher elevation." "The Great Pyramid stands witness to the ability of Khufu to lead and coordinate
his people. Khufu had several sons and his immediate successor was his son Djedefre. Curiously,
Djedefre also chose to build his pyramid

Khufu: The Great Pyramid
The reason the Great Pyramid was built was for the Old Kingdom ruler Khufu, the pyramid had a
burial chamber built inside with a stone sarcophagus because Khufu had planned to be bur–ied and
that was going to hold his mummified body. The pyramid was also known to be designed before
Khufu had died, so that probably means that the passageways had to be built leading to the outside
and to the burial chamber so that Khufu's mummi–fied body could be transported to his final resting
place (Snape 6). So after two months the Egyptians finally came up with a plan to build the largest
structure which was the pyramid that covered the tomb. To the east was the mortuary temple which
is where the pharaoh's ka would sometimes dwell. Then extending from both ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Perhaps one of the most important factors was choosing the right site. It has been said that all
pyramids in ancient Egypt had been located in the west but there has not been any specific reasons
why. Another factor was said that the pyramid had to be built close to a quarry because the quarry
had materials that the Egyptians needed to build the pyramid (Snape and Ayad 9). People also
believed that the northern entrance corridor was made to be a launch pad so that the Egyptians could
shoot Khufu's spirit into the northern sky (Snape and Ayad 9). What was interesting is how the
Egyptians wrote, instead of writing letters they used il–lustrations. It was difficult for them to write
because they wrote on stone, first they used a scribe to draw or paint the signs on to the stone then
they got a sculptor to carve the shapes and signs on the stone. Another thing they did was they did
not use any spaces and there was no paragraphs. The Egyp–tians also write from right to left instead
of left to right so that made it difficult (Donoughue 10). It is still not known why there was three
interior chambers on a different level in Khufu's Pyramid. There was different beliefs that the three
chambers had represented different changes throughout the building process of the pyramid.
According to many histo–rians, there was first a simple burial chamber

Rondinone's Seven Magic Mountains
Artist, Ugo Rondinone, in his art, "Seven Magic Mountains," comprised of seven towers of colorful,
stacked boulders standing more than thirty feet high. Rondinone purpose is to convey the idea that,
"Seven Magic Mountains elicits continuities and solidarities between human and nature, artificial
and natural, then and now," states Rondinone. He creates a sense of romantic minimalism. Across
the desert south of Las Vegas, Nevada, elevates a sizably voluminous, colorful anomaly. Seven
colossal stone forms defy gravity with their teetering formations. The shapes, reminiscent of
naturally–occurring hoodoos, seem poised between monumentality and collapse. The mammoth
contemporary cairns engendered by internationally–renowned Swiss artist Ugo Rondinone evoke
the art of meditative rock balancing, and mark his place in the history of Land Art. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The designations and forms of his paintings and sculptures have frequently evoked primordial
phenomena such as air, moons, the sun, and the cosmos. Referring concurrently to the natural world,
romanticism, and existentialism, Seven Magic Mountains encapsulates a marginally noetic trinity
that has underpinned the artist's work for more than two decades. In an incipient iteration of themes
and materials, Seven Magic Mountains engenders a sense of romantic minimalism. "Seven Magic
Mountains elicits continuities and solidarities between human and nature, artificial and natural, then
and now," states Rondinone. Located a short distance from Nevada's legendary Jean Dry Lake
where Jean Tinguely and Michael Heizer engendered consequential sculptures, Seven Magic
Mountains is one of the most astronomically immense land–predicated art installations in the
Cumulated States consummated in over 40 years. The work pays homage to the history of Land Art
while additionally offering a contemporary critique of the simulacra in nearby Las

Notes On The ' Rise Ra Out Of The Horizon '
I chisel away at the limestone; I am writing on a tablet. It reads "Rise Ra out of the horizon". I was
ordered by Pharaoh Khafre to make this tablet, it will be soon used in a temple to honor the great
god of the sun, Ra. Pharaoh Khafre worships Ra more than any other Pharaoh we have had in the
past. He is trying to ensure that there is harmony between people and nature. He plans to build a
great monument for us to worship the god Ra in. A great pyramid is in the works of being built as
well, this pyramid will be similar to his father Pharaoh Khufu's and will be his final resting place. I
am a scribe, meaning I know how to read and write in our language. My job is to inscribe temples,
tablets or any other thing I am asked to. These letters I am writing are called hieroglyphics and we
only use them when we talk to or about the gods, they are a religious alphabet we use to honor them.
Our everyday writing is called hieratics and it is mainly used for business, administration and
keeping records on papyrus, our form of paper, it is reed flattened out. I do enjoy my job; I am not
dragging limestone for distances or slaving away building pyramids or temples for our pharaoh. You
could say that I am of a higher social division. I am not a criminal nor am I severely poor, these
people are our slaves. They break their backs doing hard manual labor for our Pharaoh. There is also
a group of citizens that voluntarily do hard labor, these are not extremely poor but are not rich either.

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