Presentation on "The Great Pyramid Of Giza".

1. Presentation Slide
Smit Javiya
180470105019
Chemical Department
The Great Pyramid of Giza

2. Outline
✓ Introduction
✓ Reasons for it being built/made
✓ Construction of the pyramid
✓ Location
✓ How it was used before and now
✓ Sites
✓ Significance

3. Introduction
• The great pyramid of Giza (also known as the pyramid of Khufu), one
of the most famous structures on the list of the seven wonders of the
ancient world. A structure that is in shape of a pyramid and that's
located on the outskirts of Cairo in the country, Egypt. What makes
this famous man made structure one of the most recognizable ones?
Not only is this pyramid the one of the oldest structures ever made,
but it is the only structure that still remains today.
• The Great Pyramid of Giza used to be the tallest man made structure
in the world for over 3800 years. Even though this pyramid wasn't
the first pyramid built, got all the fame and glory due do its size and
was marked as one of the most remarkable structures built. No
wonder why this structure was made to be on the list of the seven
wonders of the ancient world.

4. Reasons for it being built
• Now how did this all start? What made this unique building exist?
This pyramid wasn't just built for the sake of it. It is known that
pharaoh Khufu who ruled Egypt from about 2547 - 2524 B.C.,
ordered a building that would be built over on the Giza plateau.
• While planning, his brother, Hemienu overlooked the project and
restructured the plan so that the building would be the home of his
tomb and all of his possessions afterlife of Khufu.
• Pyramids were built for religious purposes. The Egyptians were one
of the first civilizations to believe in an afterlife. They believed that a
second self called the ka lived within every human being. When the
physical body expired, the ka enjoyed eternal life. Those fortunate
enough to pass the test of Osiris wanted to be comfortable in their
lives beyond earth. The Great Pyramids were simply grand tombs of
powerful pharaohs.

5. Construction of Pyramid
• The construction of this pyramid took 20 years and contained 2.3
million limestones that equal about 5,500 pounds. 800 stones a day
were placed by 20,000 to 100,000 Egyptian laborers.
• It took awhile for archeologists to find out what kind machines were
used for moving stones and for raising them and have said that
there was boat that went along the Nile River and then when the
stones were on land there was use of levers, wood sleds and and
ropes made of the papyrus tree to pull the blocks along ramps to
their location.

6. Continue…..
• The majority of stones are not uniform in size or shape and are only
roughly dressed. The outside layers were bound together by mortar.
Primarily local limestone from the Giza Plateau was used.
• Other blocks were imported by boat down the Nile: White limestone
from Tura for the casing, and granite blocks from Aswan, weighing
up to 80 tonnes, for the King's Chamber structure.
• There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid. The
lowest was cut into the bedrock, upon which the pyramid was built,
but remained unfinished.
• The so-called Queen's Chamber and King's Chamber, that contains
a granite sarcophagus, are higher up, within the pyramid structure.
Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (also called Hemon), is believed by some to
be the architect of the Great Pyramid.

7. Continue…..
• Many varying scientific and alternative hypotheses attempt to
explain the exact construction techniques.
• The funerary complex around the pyramid consisted of two mortuary
temples connected by a causeway (one close to the pyramid and
one near the Nile), tombs for the immediate family and court of
Khufu, including three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives, an even
smaller "satellite pyramid" and five buried solar barges.

8. Location
• The pyramid is located in Giza, the third largest city of Egypt in an
area that is known as the Giza plateau which is a famous and
popular location in Giza not only does it have the great pyramids of
Giza but the Giza Plateau is the home of other popular attractions
such as the great sphinx, monuments and temples.
Facts :
• The Giza Plateau is a dessert at the end of the Giza. A plateau is a
flat surface on a steep hill.

9. Continue…..
Things that are located on the Giza Plateau

10. How it was used before and now
• In the past, The Great Pyramid of
Giza was used for storing Khufu's
body and his possessions.
• Today the Pyramids of Giza is a
big tourist attraction.
• The pyramids are in amazingly
good condition considering they
are nearly 3500 years old.
• The edges are deteriorating and
the government is enforcing laws
to protect the pyramids.

11. Sites
• There are main four sites are there,
1. Pyramid of Khufu
• The Great Pyramid, the largest of the three
main pyramids at Giza, was built by Khufu
and rises to a height of 146 meters (481
feet).
• Humans constructed nothing taller than the
Great Pyramid until 1221 C.E., when the
steeple of Old St. Paul’s Cathedral was built
in London and, at 149 meters (489 feet),
surpassed it at least until the steeple
collapsed less than 350 years later.

12. Continue…..
• It’s not just the height that is impressive, but also the precision with
which the Great Pyramid was designed and executed.
• With a base length of more than 230 meters (750 feet) per side, the
greatest difference in length among the four sides of the pyramid is
a mere 4.4 cm (1 ¾ inches) and the base is level within 2.1 cm (less
than an inch).
• This is an astonishing accomplishment that would be a challenge to
replicate today even with modern equipment.

13. Continue…..
2. Pyramid of Khafre
• The second-tallest and second-
largest of the Ancient Egyptian
Pyramids of Giza. The tomb of
the Fourth Dynasty pharaoh
Khafre. Constructed: 2570 BC
• It was first explored in modern
times by Italian archeologist
Giovanni Belzoni on march
2,1818.

14. Continue…..
• The pyramid has a base length of 215.5 m (706 ft) and rises up to
a height of 136.4 meters (448 ft).
• It is made of limestone blocks weighing more than 2 tons each. The
slope of the pyramid rises at a 53° 13' angle, steeper than its
neighbor, the Pyramid of Khufu, which has an angle of 51°50'24".
• Khafre's pyramid sits on bedrock 10 m (33 ft) higher than Khufu's
pyramid, which makes it appear to be taller.

15. Continue…..
3. Pyramid of Menkaure
• It is the smallest of the three
Pyramids of Giza. It built to
serve as the tomb of the fourth
dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh
Menkaure.
• The pyramid's date of
construction is unknown,
because Menkaure's reign has
not been accurately defined,
but it was probably completed
in the 26th century BC.

16. Continue…..
• Menkaure's pyramid had an original height of 65.5 meters. Now its
height is 61m(204 Ft).
• It was constructed of limestone and granite. The first sixteen
courses of the exterior were made of red granite.
• The blocks of local stone in the walls of the mortuary temple
weighed as much as 220 tons.

17. Continue…..
4. The sphinx
• It is a limestone statue of a
reclining mythical creature with a
lion's body and a human head)
that stands in front of khafre
pyramid, it is believed that his face
represents pharaoh khafre’s face.
• It is 73.5 meters long, 19.3 meters
wide, and 20.22 m high.
• No one knows much about it
therefore it is popular idea of the
"Riddle of the Sphinx“.

18. Significance
• I think the Pyramid of Giza is really something special. We have
never gotten a chance to see the olden days, how it looked like or
the lifestyle. It's so great that we have an opportunity to see a
structure that was built in that time and how Egyptian laborers made
one of the worlds largest buildings without any modern tools.
Another reason is that is was the largest building for over 3,800
years which is quite long.
• It's so surprising the pyramid hasn't been damaged in a place that
has lots of sandstorms. The pyramid represents the Egyptian
citizens. It makes people want to travel from home to see the
pyramid and makes the Egyptians feel proud that people come from
all around the world to see what their ancestors have done. All that
hard work really paid off.

19. Thank
You