Learn and better understand the system of governance used by the country of Afghanistan and how their elections work in my new A to Z political post series.
The document discusses the role and powers of the President of India. It states that the President is elected indirectly by Members of Parliament and state assemblies. Some of the President's key powers and duties include appointing the Prime Minister, chief justice, and governors, as well as signing bills into law and serving as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. However, the President exercises these powers on the advice of the council of ministers and is bound by their decisions, making the role largely ceremonial compared to presidential systems. The President can use discretion in appointing a Prime Minister if no party wins a clear majority.
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
Senate of Pakistan is also known as the upper house of Pakistan. The elections for senate are conducted after a time interval of three years for one half of the senate and each senator is allocated a time period of six years. If in any scenario there is no president in Pakistan or he is unable to perform his duties then chairmen of the senate perform the duties of a president unless and until there comes a new president or old one recovers himself.
India has a multiparty democratic political system with three branches of government - executive, judiciary, and legislature. Key institutions include the Election Commission of India, which oversees national elections, and special constitutional provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir granting it autonomy. The document provides an overview of India's government structure at the federal and state levels.
Learn and better understand the system of governance used by the country of Afghanistan and how their elections work in my new A to Z political post series.
The document discusses the role and powers of the President of India. It states that the President is elected indirectly by Members of Parliament and state assemblies. Some of the President's key powers and duties include appointing the Prime Minister, chief justice, and governors, as well as signing bills into law and serving as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. However, the President exercises these powers on the advice of the council of ministers and is bound by their decisions, making the role largely ceremonial compared to presidential systems. The President can use discretion in appointing a Prime Minister if no party wins a clear majority.
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
Senate of Pakistan is also known as the upper house of Pakistan. The elections for senate are conducted after a time interval of three years for one half of the senate and each senator is allocated a time period of six years. If in any scenario there is no president in Pakistan or he is unable to perform his duties then chairmen of the senate perform the duties of a president unless and until there comes a new president or old one recovers himself.
India has a multiparty democratic political system with three branches of government - executive, judiciary, and legislature. Key institutions include the Election Commission of India, which oversees national elections, and special constitutional provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir granting it autonomy. The document provides an overview of India's government structure at the federal and state levels.
Lok Sabha (House of the People)
545 members
2 are appointed by the President of India
the rest are directly elected from single-member districts
5-year terms unless dissolved
Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer
the Speaker
The Senate of Pakistan is the upper house of parliament. It has 104 seats total with members elected to represent each province and territory for six year terms. The Senate ensures equal representation of provinces as membership in the lower National Assembly is based on population. Key roles of the Senate include legislation, oversight of the executive branch, representing provinces, and providing policy guidance. It works alongside the National Assembly to pass laws and check the government.
i make this slide for MPA and law Students it covers the Federal structure of government of Pakistan & it contain information about Parliament its powers ,processes,procedure and functions.
We already know that the parliament of Pakistan is consists of the two houses and the president. The two houses are known as the Senate and the National assembly. Under the constitution of Pakistan, 1973, in Article 50; the senate was constituted for the first time.
The foremost idea for the establishment of the Senate of Pakistan was to give equal depiction to all federating units. There is equivalent provincial association in the Senate that stable the provincial variation in the National Assembly where the amount of seats is determined based on populace volume.
The document summarizes Pakistan's government system. It has three branches: the legislative branch including the National Assembly and Senate; the executive branch led by the Prime Minister; and the judiciary branch headed by the Supreme Court. The National Assembly is the lower house with 342 members elected for 5-year terms. The Senate is the upper house with 104 members elected for 6-year terms. Provincial assemblies also exist at the provincial level. The Prime Minister is the head of government and selects the cabinet. The judiciary interprets laws and has a hierarchy of courts from lowest to highest of Magistrates Courts, District Courts, High Courts, and the Supreme Court.
How State Government Works (Grade 7 - Civics)Sandeep Patnaik
State governments in India are responsible for governing individual states. They have legislative, executive, and administrative functions. The legislative assembly is the main lawmaking body and consists of elected members from constituencies within each state. An executive council of ministers, led by the chief minister, manages the day-to-day affairs of the state. Media plays a role in communicating information between the government and citizens.
State legislature in India is of two types, legislative council and legislative assembly. There are only 6 states in India (excluding J&K recently) wit legislative councils, whereas rest have legislative assemblies.
The document discusses the roles and powers of the President of India according to the Constitution. It covers the President's role as head of state and government, election process, qualifications, powers related to legislation, finance, judiciary, emergencies, and foreign affairs. The Vice-President has similar qualifications to the President but plays a secondary role as the ex-officio chair of the Rajya Sabha.
The document summarizes the qualifications, election process, powers, and removal of the President of India. It states that the President is indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies using single transferable vote. The President can be removed through impeachment, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of parliament. The President holds executive, legislative, financial, and limited judicial powers according to the Constitution but has a largely ceremonial role.
The Lok Sabha is the lower house of India's bicameral parliament. It has a maximum of 552 members, most of whom are elected by universal adult suffrage for five-year terms. The Lok Sabha meets in New Delhi and holds sessions three times per year. Key powers of the Lok Sabha include passing budgets and motions of no confidence against the government. While similar in some powers, the Lok Sabha is considered more powerful than the upper house Rajya Sabha as it is responsible for forming the government.
The document summarizes the powers and roles of the President of India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the President has several executive, legislative, and emergency powers outlined in the constitution, in practice the executive authority is exercised by the Prime Minister and council of ministers. The document then provides details on the various legislative, executive, judicial, appointment, financial, diplomatic, military, pardoning and emergency powers vested with the office of the President of India.
The Governor is the nominal head of a state while the Chief Minister is the executive head. As the head of state, the Governor has various executive, legislative, financial, and judicial powers but generally acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The Governor is appointed by the President of India and can only be removed by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. Key responsibilities of the Governor include appointing the Chief Minister and other ministers, inaugurating the state legislature, approving bills passed by the legislative assembly, and reporting emergencies in the state to the President.
State governments in India share power with the federal/national government. They have executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive branch is headed by a governor who is appointed by the President. It also includes the Council of Ministers led by the Chief Minister. The legislative branch includes the Legislative Assembly as the lower house and optionally an Legislative Council as the upper house. Bills passed by the legislature require the governor's assent to become law. Key powers of the governor include appointing the Chief Minister and dissolving the legislature.
The document discusses governance at the state level in India. It explains that India has a federal system with governments at both the state and central levels. At the state level, the key institutions of governance are the Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, State Legislature, High Court, and subordinate courts. The Governor is the nominal executive head of the state, appointed by the President, but the real executive powers lie with the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers. The document outlines the appointment process, powers, and relationship between the Governor and other state institutions. It also briefly discusses the composition and roles of the other branches of state government.
The document provides information about the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. It discusses that the Lok Sabha has 552 members who are directly elected by the people of India. It outlines the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha, the powers of the Lok Sabha including introducing no-confidence motions and money bills. It also describes the procedures of the Lok Sabha like question hour, sessions, and the main businesses of legislation, finance, and motions. Finally, it discusses the key officers like the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the role of the Lok Sabha Secretariat.
The Council of States, also known as the Rajya Sabha, represents the interests of India's 29 states and 6 union territories. Representatives are elected by state legislative assemblies based on population size, with a few representatives chosen from union territories as determined by Parliament. Members must be at least 30 years old and cannot hold any government office or be a proclaimed offender. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the members retiring every 2 years. The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Introduction
Definition
Location
Composition
Qualification of President
Electoral college
Oath
Terms of office of President
Presidential Powers
Authorities of President
Duties of President
Removal of President
Conclusion
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government. It has a multi-party system led by a prime minister as head of government and president as head of state who is elected indirectly. Power is shared between the central government and 28 states and 7 union territories. The political system is based on the constitution which came into effect in 1950. Key aspects include an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court, lower high courts, and an Election Commission that oversees polls. Jammu and Kashmir has special autonomous status compared to other states.
Preliminary Exam, Main Exam, Interview
Higher Posts: Main Exam, Interview
Training:
Foundation Course at LBSNAA, Mussoorie
Probation:
2 years probation period
Bureaucracy
with this ppt you will learn about the constitution of INDIA and other things like:
1.Indian Elections -Scale of Operation
2.Constituencies & Reservation of Seats
3.How Constituency Boundaries are drawn up
4.Reservation of Seats
5.System of Election
6.Parliament
7. Rajya Sabha - The Council of States
8.Nominated members
9.State Assemblies
10.President and Vice-President
11.Who can vote?
12.The Electoral Roll
13. Computerisation of Rolls
14.Electors' Photo Identity Cards (EPIC)
15.Who can stand for Election
16.Number of Candidates
17.Campaign
18.Polling Days
19.Ballot Papers & Symbols
20.How the voting takes place
21.Political Parties and Elections
22.Limit on poll expenses
23.Free Campaign time on state owned electronic media
24.Election Petitions
25.Media Coverage
26.and more
I talk about the government system of Bhutan including its monarchy, executive and legislative systems and how they all work as well as how elections work.
Lok Sabha (House of the People)
545 members
2 are appointed by the President of India
the rest are directly elected from single-member districts
5-year terms unless dissolved
Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer
the Speaker
The Senate of Pakistan is the upper house of parliament. It has 104 seats total with members elected to represent each province and territory for six year terms. The Senate ensures equal representation of provinces as membership in the lower National Assembly is based on population. Key roles of the Senate include legislation, oversight of the executive branch, representing provinces, and providing policy guidance. It works alongside the National Assembly to pass laws and check the government.
i make this slide for MPA and law Students it covers the Federal structure of government of Pakistan & it contain information about Parliament its powers ,processes,procedure and functions.
We already know that the parliament of Pakistan is consists of the two houses and the president. The two houses are known as the Senate and the National assembly. Under the constitution of Pakistan, 1973, in Article 50; the senate was constituted for the first time.
The foremost idea for the establishment of the Senate of Pakistan was to give equal depiction to all federating units. There is equivalent provincial association in the Senate that stable the provincial variation in the National Assembly where the amount of seats is determined based on populace volume.
The document summarizes Pakistan's government system. It has three branches: the legislative branch including the National Assembly and Senate; the executive branch led by the Prime Minister; and the judiciary branch headed by the Supreme Court. The National Assembly is the lower house with 342 members elected for 5-year terms. The Senate is the upper house with 104 members elected for 6-year terms. Provincial assemblies also exist at the provincial level. The Prime Minister is the head of government and selects the cabinet. The judiciary interprets laws and has a hierarchy of courts from lowest to highest of Magistrates Courts, District Courts, High Courts, and the Supreme Court.
How State Government Works (Grade 7 - Civics)Sandeep Patnaik
State governments in India are responsible for governing individual states. They have legislative, executive, and administrative functions. The legislative assembly is the main lawmaking body and consists of elected members from constituencies within each state. An executive council of ministers, led by the chief minister, manages the day-to-day affairs of the state. Media plays a role in communicating information between the government and citizens.
State legislature in India is of two types, legislative council and legislative assembly. There are only 6 states in India (excluding J&K recently) wit legislative councils, whereas rest have legislative assemblies.
The document discusses the roles and powers of the President of India according to the Constitution. It covers the President's role as head of state and government, election process, qualifications, powers related to legislation, finance, judiciary, emergencies, and foreign affairs. The Vice-President has similar qualifications to the President but plays a secondary role as the ex-officio chair of the Rajya Sabha.
The document summarizes the qualifications, election process, powers, and removal of the President of India. It states that the President is indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies using single transferable vote. The President can be removed through impeachment, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of parliament. The President holds executive, legislative, financial, and limited judicial powers according to the Constitution but has a largely ceremonial role.
The Lok Sabha is the lower house of India's bicameral parliament. It has a maximum of 552 members, most of whom are elected by universal adult suffrage for five-year terms. The Lok Sabha meets in New Delhi and holds sessions three times per year. Key powers of the Lok Sabha include passing budgets and motions of no confidence against the government. While similar in some powers, the Lok Sabha is considered more powerful than the upper house Rajya Sabha as it is responsible for forming the government.
The document summarizes the powers and roles of the President of India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the President has several executive, legislative, and emergency powers outlined in the constitution, in practice the executive authority is exercised by the Prime Minister and council of ministers. The document then provides details on the various legislative, executive, judicial, appointment, financial, diplomatic, military, pardoning and emergency powers vested with the office of the President of India.
The Governor is the nominal head of a state while the Chief Minister is the executive head. As the head of state, the Governor has various executive, legislative, financial, and judicial powers but generally acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The Governor is appointed by the President of India and can only be removed by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. Key responsibilities of the Governor include appointing the Chief Minister and other ministers, inaugurating the state legislature, approving bills passed by the legislative assembly, and reporting emergencies in the state to the President.
State governments in India share power with the federal/national government. They have executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive branch is headed by a governor who is appointed by the President. It also includes the Council of Ministers led by the Chief Minister. The legislative branch includes the Legislative Assembly as the lower house and optionally an Legislative Council as the upper house. Bills passed by the legislature require the governor's assent to become law. Key powers of the governor include appointing the Chief Minister and dissolving the legislature.
The document discusses governance at the state level in India. It explains that India has a federal system with governments at both the state and central levels. At the state level, the key institutions of governance are the Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, State Legislature, High Court, and subordinate courts. The Governor is the nominal executive head of the state, appointed by the President, but the real executive powers lie with the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers. The document outlines the appointment process, powers, and relationship between the Governor and other state institutions. It also briefly discusses the composition and roles of the other branches of state government.
The document provides information about the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. It discusses that the Lok Sabha has 552 members who are directly elected by the people of India. It outlines the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha, the powers of the Lok Sabha including introducing no-confidence motions and money bills. It also describes the procedures of the Lok Sabha like question hour, sessions, and the main businesses of legislation, finance, and motions. Finally, it discusses the key officers like the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the role of the Lok Sabha Secretariat.
The Council of States, also known as the Rajya Sabha, represents the interests of India's 29 states and 6 union territories. Representatives are elected by state legislative assemblies based on population size, with a few representatives chosen from union territories as determined by Parliament. Members must be at least 30 years old and cannot hold any government office or be a proclaimed offender. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the members retiring every 2 years. The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Introduction
Definition
Location
Composition
Qualification of President
Electoral college
Oath
Terms of office of President
Presidential Powers
Authorities of President
Duties of President
Removal of President
Conclusion
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government. It has a multi-party system led by a prime minister as head of government and president as head of state who is elected indirectly. Power is shared between the central government and 28 states and 7 union territories. The political system is based on the constitution which came into effect in 1950. Key aspects include an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court, lower high courts, and an Election Commission that oversees polls. Jammu and Kashmir has special autonomous status compared to other states.
Preliminary Exam, Main Exam, Interview
Higher Posts: Main Exam, Interview
Training:
Foundation Course at LBSNAA, Mussoorie
Probation:
2 years probation period
Bureaucracy
with this ppt you will learn about the constitution of INDIA and other things like:
1.Indian Elections -Scale of Operation
2.Constituencies & Reservation of Seats
3.How Constituency Boundaries are drawn up
4.Reservation of Seats
5.System of Election
6.Parliament
7. Rajya Sabha - The Council of States
8.Nominated members
9.State Assemblies
10.President and Vice-President
11.Who can vote?
12.The Electoral Roll
13. Computerisation of Rolls
14.Electors' Photo Identity Cards (EPIC)
15.Who can stand for Election
16.Number of Candidates
17.Campaign
18.Polling Days
19.Ballot Papers & Symbols
20.How the voting takes place
21.Political Parties and Elections
22.Limit on poll expenses
23.Free Campaign time on state owned electronic media
24.Election Petitions
25.Media Coverage
26.and more
I talk about the government system of Bhutan including its monarchy, executive and legislative systems and how they all work as well as how elections work.
I go over the government system of Barbados from executive to legislative and how elections work on the small island nation that was once apart of the British Empire.
I go over the government system of Belarus from executive to legislative and how the electoral system works in the country with the leader dubbed as Europe's last dictator.
This document provides an overview of the executive branch of the Indian government, including the president and cabinet system. Some key points:
- India adopted the British cabinet system of responsible government, where the prime minister and cabinet exercise executive authority.
- The president is elected by an electoral college composed of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies to serve as a ceremonial head of state for a 5-year term.
- The president's powers are largely ceremonial as the executive power is exercised by the prime minister and cabinet, making India's system similar to Britain's rather than the US presidential system.
This document provides information about the roles and functions of the Indian Parliament. It discusses that the Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the lower house (Lok Sabha) and upper house (Rajya Sabha). It outlines the qualifications for members of each house. The key functions of Parliament discussed are law making, controlling the executive, controlling finances, certain electoral and judicial functions, and constituent functions. It also notes that Parliament represents public opinion.
I go over Belize's system of government from the influence of the British Monarchy, executive government, legislative and how elections work in the country.
The document summarizes the government system of Burundi. It is a presidential democratic republic with a bicameral parliament. The president is both head of state and head of government, serving a 7-year term. The legislative branch is made up of the 100-member National Assembly and at least 43-member Senate. Elections are held every 5 years for the National Assembly and indirectly for the Senate. The country has faced ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi groups.
The Rajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the Indian Parliament. It was created as a federal chamber to represent the states. Some key points:
1. The Rajya Sabha has 245 members, 233 representing the states and 12 nominated by the President. Members serve 6-year terms with one-third retiring every 2 years.
2. The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. It has special powers to legislate on state matters and create all-India services.
3. The Rajya Sabha cannot pass a no-confidence motion or make/unmake the government like the Lok Sabha. However, it plays an important role in
The document discusses the government of India and the roles of the president, prime minister, and parliament. It is comprised of three branches:
1) The executive branch consists of the president, prime minister, and Council of Ministers.
2) The legislative branch has two houses - Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
3) The president has various powers including legislative, executive, appointing, and emergency powers. The prime minister aids the president and leads the Council of Ministers.
Bjmc i, igp, unit-ii, Working of parliamentary systemRai University
The document discusses the parliamentary system in India. It describes how the Indian Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States). The Lok Sabha has 543 directly elected members who each represent approximately 2 million people. Elections are held every 5 years by secret ballot. The document then outlines the qualifications, disqualifications, and officers of Parliament, focusing on the important role of the Speaker as an impartial presiding officer elected from within the Lok Sabha.
Members of Parliament (MPs) have several key roles:
1. Legislative role - MPs make laws through participation in debate and voting on bills and amendments. They legislate on matters in the Union and Concurrent lists.
2. Supervisory role - MPs exercise control over the executive through parliamentary interventions like questions, motions, and committee oversight.
3. Representative role - MPs represent constituents by raising local issues, implementing projects, and reviewing projects at various government levels.
The document discusses the three branches of the United States government: executive, judicial, and legislative. The executive branch, led by the President, is responsible for enforcing laws. The judicial branch, headed by the Chief Justice and Supreme Court, decides the constitutionality of laws and how they are applied. The legislative branch proposes bills and is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives.
The Japanese parliament is called the Diet. It is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. The House of Representatives is considered more powerful as it can override decisions made by the House of Councillors. The Diet is responsible for making laws, approving budgets, and selecting the Prime Minister. It meets at least once per year to outline the government's plans.
The Problem with School Uniforms and the Possible FixesCharlie
I talk about how school uniforms can be disruptive for autistic people and people with learning disabilities and look into what can be done to improve the situation.
The Possible Implications of Sky AdvertisingCharlie
1. A Candy Crush advertisement displayed in the sky over New York City using drones sparked discussion about the potential implications of sky advertising.
2. Regulations currently focus on drone safety and security, but sky advertising is new and unregulated. Advertisers may be interested in using colorful, moving light shows at night to reach massive audiences.
3. Regulations could be needed to limit when and where sky ads occur to prevent overcommercialization of the night sky and impacts on wildlife, while also addressing citizen concerns about losing clear night skies.
The document summarizes Montenegro's complex governmental system and history. Montenegro is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic with a directly elected president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. The country has experienced various rulers throughout its history, including being part of the Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Montenegro declared independence in 2006 and now has a multi-party parliamentary system within a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic.
1. The document discusses 7 simple things the author learned about JavaScript, including that JavaScript engines like V8 and SpiderMonkey power different browsers, languages can transpile to JavaScript, the ECMA-262 specification defines JavaScript, Firefox and Chrome have the best developer tools, the <script> tag inserts JavaScript into HTML, semicolons end statements but can be omitted, and strict mode was introduced to handle changes to the language.
Looking into COBOL and Being Serious About itCharlie
I talk about the OG COBOL programming language and explain how its still more prevalent than you probably realise. I go over its history, things it was used for, and how it continues in the modern world.
I go over some useful and fun browser website tools that can be used to do things like get videos, video conversion to other formats, search, and a website full of OSINT tools.
I talk about how getting lower grades in school does not mean you have to settle for less. School is not for everyone and we can create our own pathways.
Tim Berners-Lee Inventor of the World Wide WebCharlie
A blog post adapted from my presentation about Tim Berners-Lee who invented the world wide web. Goes over the history and some other information on Tim Berners-Lee.
British Virgin Islands Enquiry Asks for Direct Rule from BritainCharlie
I talk about the prospect of direct rule for the British Virgin Islands following a corruption enquiry and arrest of their Premier. I also look into what happened with the Turks and Caicos Islands when they were under direct rule.
I give an overview of the 2022 local elections that are happening later this week. This includes all of the council/local authority elections, mayoral elections, and the assembly election in Northern Ireland.
Britains 5 Original National Free-to-Air Television ChannelsCharlie
I look into the five national british television channels, BBC One and Two, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5. Includes their founding, history, setup, structure and how each managed to be successful.
Unemployment Among People with Autism is a Systemic Problem not an Individual...Charlie
I talk about how the unemployment issue among people with Autism is clearly a systemic issue and not an individual's issue alone. I highlight many of the common issues and barriers people with Autism face with employment and as a result many give up or try a more unconventional path.
How I Once Ran a Successful Facebook Page The Rise and FallCharlie
I talk about how I once ran a successful community-focused social media page that includes what I think I did right and wrong. I also talk about how and why it eventually came to an end.
The Weekly Update 1 TV Channel Blog Post Short Blogs and MoreCharlie
The first in the regular Weekly Update series for The Weekly Rambler blog. Goes over misc topics and gives information on what is happening with the blog and its content on a weekly basis.
A Look at Dark Items 4 The Binding of Isaac A Lump of Coal and KrampusCharlie
I look into the darkness and origins behind the Alpine folkloric being that is Krampus and I also look into the origins of why coal for Christmas is now a negative thing.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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The Government System of Botswana
1. February 12,
2020
The Government System of Botswana
theweeklyrambler.com/the-government-system-of-botswana/
Botswana is a landlocked country located in the south of the African continent and is
bordered with four countries which are Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe and also has a
tiny border with Zambia. The capital city, Gaborone, is located close to the border with
South Africa. It was once a British Protectorate called Bechuanaland but later got its
independence on 30th September 1966 and is a part of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Despite originally being a poor country, it transformed into one of Africa’s fastest
growing economies and one of the highest GDP’s in Africa. Much of the Kalahari Desert
covers Botswana’s territory and the country also hosts the Okavango Delta which is an
attraction for tourists in National Parks and Safaris due to the wildlife.
The largest ethnic group are the Tswana and the country’s official languages are English
and Setswana. The largest religion is Christianity and the country’s currency is the
Botswana pula. The CIA World Factbook estimates Botswana’s population to be
2,317,233 by July 2020.
Government Type
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2. Botswana Coat of Arms
The country is a Parliamentary Democratic Republic with an indirectly elected President
as both Head of State and Head of Government and there is a representative
parliamentary system with a unicameral parliament or single equal electable house that
makes up the legislative government. Although there is a Unicameral Parliament there is
an advisory body for the National Assembly called the House of Chiefs.
Multiple parties are allowed and so far, the Botswana Democratic Party has remained in
power ever since independence. According to the CIA World Factbook there are at least 8
registered political parties and a coalition of various other registered political parties.
Executive Government
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3. Current President of Botswana. Photo by UNCTAD from Flickr.
License.
The executive government is led by the President as Head of Government and who has a
number of executive powers at his disposal.
Such powers include appointing a Vice-President from members of the National
Assembly which is then confirmed by the National Assembly. The President also
appoints Ministers and Assistant Ministers of the government and cabinet of which
handles governing policy and is subject to the President and Parliament, there can be no
more than 6 Ministers and 3 Assistant Ministers unless parliament allows, these
Ministers are appointed from members of the National Assembly. The President can also
appoint currently 6 members to the National Assembly (who are confirmed through
being co-opted). The President also appoints 5 members of the House of Chiefs, an
advisory body of the National Assembly, these appointed members are co-opted by the
other members.
The President can prorogue and dissolve parliament.
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4. The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the country’s Armed Forces, able to
designate operational use of forces, appoint armed force members, appointments on
promotion of any office and dismiss armed forces members. He can also delegate these
said powers to subordinates in the armed forces. Parliament can regulate these powers.
The President has powers to pardon, give respite, remit or give less severe punishment
for crimes. These powers are known as the Prerogative of Mercy and there is an advisory
commission on it that includes the Vice-President, Attorney General and a person
qualified to practise in Botswana who is appointed by the President.
For the judiciary the President appoints the Chief Justices of the Court of Appeal and the
High Court, the rest of the Judges are appointed by the President on advice from the
Judicial Service Commision.
Of course, the President also gives assent to legislation passed by the National Assembly,
he can choose to withhold assent where which it will return to the National Assembly, if
they pass it again the President must give assent within 21 days or he can choose to
dissolve parliament, leading to elections.
Legislative Government
Botswana parliament building. Photo Public Domain.
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5. The legislative government is made up of a single unicameral house called the National
Assembly which currently has 65 members, the number of members can change by
population number every 10-years after a census is performed. The members as it
stands include 57 elected by the people, 6 appointed by the President and then co-opted
by parliamentary members and a further two ex-officio members, the Attorney General
and President. The Attorney General has no vote.
The National Assembly introduces, debates, amends and votes on legislation, the
government can also introduce legislation itself. Parliament cannot introduce money
bills.
The National Assembly is overlooked by the Speaker who can be elected from within its
own members or even from people who are not a member of the National Assembly.
The President, Vice-President, Ministers and Assistant Ministers cannot be Speaker.
There is also a Deputy Speaker elected from among themselves. The Speaker is in charge
of regulating debate, making sure parliamentary rules are followed and making
parliamentary decisions.
There is also an advisory body to the National Assembly called the House of Chiefs,
which can make it sound like a bicameral parliament, but this advisory body isn’t seen as
a 2nd chamber of parliament and has very confined and limited power over the National
Assembly. It includes 35 members.
The House of Chiefs has no legislative or veto power but is able to review laws that effect
tribal organisation, property, customary law and the administration of customary courts
before it goes to the National Assembly. When the country’s constitution is being
reviewed or amended, the House of Chiefs members must be consulted. It can have
other legislation referred to it which they can decide resolutions on that will be
considered by the National Assembly.
The National Assembly can hold a confidence vote on the President, requiring a majority
of members to remove him, Specially Elected members cannot vote in confidence votes,
this confidence vote can only happen after the President is elected. Alternatively, the
Parliament can just hold a no-confidence vote on government itself.
Changing or amending of the constitution also requires two successive assembly votes
with the final vote requiring two-thirds, many constitutional changes also require a
national confirmatory referendum to be held and also assent from the President.
Electoral System
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6. Photo by Amitchell125 from Wikimedia. License.
Parliamentary elections are held every 5-years to elect 57 of the 65 members of the
Unicameral National Assembly. These 57 members are elected from single-seat
constituencies using the first-past-the-post system. 6 further members are appointed by
the President who are then co-opted by the National Assemblies members, happening
after Parliamentary elections and the election of President. The President is an ex-officio
member themselves and the Attorney General, is also an ex-officio member but has no
voting power, neither ex-officio members are part of a political party. The appointed
members, also called Specially Elected members, are not a part of political parties but
are still allied with the governing parties.
Candidates for the National Assembly must be a citizen of Botswana, be at least 18-
years-old, is registered as a voter for National Assembly elections and be able to speak
and read English well enough to take part in proceedings of the National Assembly,
exceptions are made for reading English if due to blindness or other physical
impairment.
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7. The advisory body of the National Assembly, the House of Chiefs, have 35 members, 22
are indirectly elected by the Chiefs for 5-year terms. 8 other members are hereditary
chiefs or kgosi from Botswana’s eight principle tribes and the final 5 are appointed by
the president who are then co-opted by the other members. None of the House of Chief
members can be a part of political parties.
Members of the House of Chiefs must be at least 21-years old, Botswana citizen, be
proficient in English and must not have actively participated in politics for 5-years
proceeding their election or appointment to the House of Chiefs.
The President has a 5-years term concurrent with the National Assembly and is elected
by the National Assembly. A person can serve as President for the max of two terms (10
years). Candidates for National Assembly will nominate a politician for President and if a
person who is endorsed has at least 50% of the endorsement of elected members then
they will become President, if not then the National Assembly will vote to elect a
President by simple majority. (On a personal note, I have concluded I don’t like this
system for election of President).
The elected President will also serve as an ex-officio member of the National Assembly.
Those nominated for President must be a citizen of Botswana, be at least 30-years-old
and be qualified to be elected as a member of the National Assembly (meaning they
need to reach the requirements for a candidate of the National Assembly in addition to
these other requirements for President).
Registering to vote in elections requires Botswana citizenship, be at least 18-years-old
and to have lived continuously in Botswana for at least 12 months. Voting is not
compulsory.
Sources
My sources were from the country’s own constitution, but if you are using this
information in a serious capacity it is still important to cross-check and the constitution
can change and there is the possibility I mis-interpreted some things.
Further I found information on appointed members to the National Assembly being
raised from 4 to 6 here
I also got some of my information from the Botswana profile on the CIA World Factbook.
I also used Wikipedia to find some of the above references. Note: I only take information
from Wikipedia that are fact-checked through hyperlinked references.
Next up will be Brazil!
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