The president of India has several important powers according to the constitution. These include executive powers over the administration, legislative powers such as introducing bills and approving or returning acts of parliament, financial powers such as approving the national budget, judicial powers like pardoning convicted criminals, and emergency powers to declare different types of emergencies. The president can exercise these powers directly or through subordinate officers. Additionally, the president has the power to appoint key government officials and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the president has significant authority, executive powers must be exercised according to the constitution and are subject to limited judicial review.
The document summarizes the government system of El Salvador. It describes El Salvador as a presidential representative republic with an executive branch led by a president and legislative branch consisting of a unicameral Legislative Assembly. Key points include that the president acts as both head of state and head of government, appoints ministers, commands the armed forces, and can declare states of emergency. The Legislative Assembly passes laws, approves the budget and international treaties, and elects certain officials. Elections take place every 3-5 years via proportional representation.
The president of India has several important powers according to the constitution. These include executive powers over the administration, legislative powers such as introducing bills and approving or returning acts of parliament, financial powers such as approving the national budget, judicial powers like pardoning convicted criminals, and emergency powers to declare different types of emergencies. The president can exercise these powers directly or through subordinate officers. Additionally, the president has the power to appoint key government officials and acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the president has significant authority, executive powers must be exercised according to the constitution and are subject to limited judicial review.
The document summarizes the government system of El Salvador. It describes El Salvador as a presidential representative republic with an executive branch led by a president and legislative branch consisting of a unicameral Legislative Assembly. Key points include that the president acts as both head of state and head of government, appoints ministers, commands the armed forces, and can declare states of emergency. The Legislative Assembly passes laws, approves the budget and international treaties, and elects certain officials. Elections take place every 3-5 years via proportional representation.
The presentation comprises powers and functions of the President of India from the Constitutional perspective viz. Executive power, Legislative power, Financial power, Emergency power, Diplomatic Power, Military power, Pardoning power, etc.
The document discusses the roles and composition of the Cabinet of Ministers (COME) and the Prime Minister in India's parliamentary system of democracy. It notes that the COME is headed by the PM and is the most powerful institution in the executive branch. The COME aids and advises the President, who must act in accordance with the COME's advice. The COME consists of Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers. Major policies and national issues are decided by the Cabinet, which is a small group of senior ministers within the COME. The Cabinet frames legislation, administers policies, manages finances, handles diplomacy and appointments, and coordinates different ministries.
Ecuador has a presidential republic system of government with a president as both head of state and head of government. The unicameral National Assembly is the legislative body. Citizens can participate directly in governance through initiatives to propose legislation or constitutional amendments requiring a percentage of voter signatures. They can also recall elected officials through a referendum.
The document discusses the constitution of the council of ministers in India. It notes that according to Article 74 of the Indian constitution, the council of ministers aids and advises the president in exercising executive powers. The council of ministers is formed after the prime minister is sworn in and is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. The main functions of the council include aiding the president, determining legislative programs, preparing the budget, and formulating foreign policy. The council also exercises executive, legislative, and financial powers on behalf of the president.
The governor is the nominal executive head of the state, while the chief minister and council of ministers are the real executive. The governor is appointed by the president and holds office at the president's pleasure. The governor has executive, legislative, financial, and emergency powers but acts on the advice of the council of ministers in routine matters. The governor also has discretionary powers in certain areas like ordinance making and has special responsibilities in some states. While constitutionally the head of the state, the governor in practice acts as an agent of the central government.
The document discusses the roles and powers of the Union Executive in India, including the President, Vice President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. It outlines the qualifications, election process, powers and removal of the President and Vice President. The President is the nominal head of state but executive powers are exercised by the PM and Council of Ministers. The President has various powers including executive, legislative, financial, judicial, military, diplomatic and emergency powers, but must generally act on the advice of the PM and Council of Ministers.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and exercises executive authority in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is generally the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister's powers include forming the Council of Ministers, directing policy, and overseeing important appointments, though these are made by the President. The Council of Ministers aids the Prime Minister in developing and implementing policy and administering government departments and programs.
The document summarizes the role and powers of state Governors in India according to the constitution. It discusses that Governors act as the executive head of their state and perform similar duties to the President at the state level. Governors have both constitutional and discretionary powers. Constitutionally, Governors appoint ministers, preside over the state legislature, approve bills, and recommend the president's rule in emergencies. Discretionary powers include pardoning criminals, selecting the chief minister if no party has a majority, and administering union territories when necessary. Overall, Governors link state and central governments as constitutional heads of their states.
A governor is the constitutional head of an Indian state. The governor is appointed by the President of India under Article 155. Governors must be Indian citizens over 35 years old and cannot hold any other office of profit. As the executive head, governors exercise executive powers on a state's behalf and grant pardons. They also have legislative powers like summoning state legislatures. Governors have discretionary powers conferred to serve as the central government's agents in states and maintain national unity and integrity.
The document summarizes the executive structure at the state level in India. It discusses the roles of the Governor, Chief Minister, and Council of Ministers. The Governor is appointed by the President and acts as the nominal executive head of the state. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor and heads the Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor. Key powers of the Governor include executive, legislative, financial, judicial, and emergency powers, which are exercised based on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
Status Of The President Under The ConstitutionShiva Shankara
The document discusses the status and powers of the President of India under the Indian Constitution. It begins with providing context on the historical meaning and origins of the term "President". It then outlines the key provisions in the Constitution related to the President's role, functions, and powers. The President has executive, legislative, and emergency powers but courts have ruled that most powers must be exercised on the advice of the Council of Ministers. There is debate around some independent powers like pardoning and dissolving the lower house of parliament. Overall, the document analyzes the President's role as outlined in the Constitution and issues that have been subject to judicial interpretation.
The document summarizes the government system of Burundi. It is a presidential democratic republic with a bicameral parliament. The president is both head of state and head of government, serving a 7-year term. The legislative branch is made up of the 100-member National Assembly and at least 43-member Senate. Elections are held every 5 years for the National Assembly and indirectly for the Senate. The country has faced ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi groups.
The document discusses the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers at the state level in India. It defines the Chief Minister as the head of the state government, though formally appointed by the Governor. The Chief Minister is typically the leader of the party with a majority in the state assembly. They appoint the Council of Ministers and head this body. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor and collectively takes responsibility before the state legislature. Key roles of the Chief Minister include recommending ministers, designating portfolios, and advising the Governor on various appointments.
The powers and functions of the president 2Sunit Kapoor
The president has various executive, legislative, financial and emergency powers according to the Indian constitution. As the executive head, all executive powers are vested in the president, who exercises them directly or through subordinate officers. Some key powers include appointing the prime minister and other ministers, state governors, and high officials. The president also has powers related to parliament like summoning sessions and approving legislation. In emergencies, the president can declare national, state, or financial emergencies with parliamentary approval in some cases. The president further appoints high judicial officers and enjoys judicial immunity.
I talk about the government system of Ethiopia from executive to legislative and how elections work in a country that was once run by a great African monarchy.
The Governor is the nominal head of a state while the Chief Minister is the executive head. As the head of state, the Governor has various executive, legislative, financial, and judicial powers but generally acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The Governor is appointed by the President of India and can only be removed by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. Key responsibilities of the Governor include appointing the Chief Minister and other ministers, inaugurating the state legislature, approving bills passed by the legislative assembly, and reporting emergencies in the state to the President.
The document outlines several key parliamentary procedures in India:
1. Members of Parliament must take an oath before participating in proceedings.
2. A quorum of 10% of members is required to conduct business.
3. The Speaker can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie.
4. The first hour of each sitting is reserved for questions to the government.
Legislative powers of Parliament include making laws, amending the constitution, and approving the budget and other financial matters. Bills must pass several stages, including committee review, before becoming law with the President's assent.
2. discretionary powers of the president and the governor -- group iiJoyeeta Das
The document discusses the discretionary powers of the President of India and the Governor of West Bengal. It provides details on the current President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, and the current Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi. It explains that while the President's powers are mostly exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister, he does have some discretion, such as sending bills back for reconsideration or vetoing bills. The Governor has more discretionary powers than the President, including selecting the Chief Minister and dissolving the state's Legislative Assembly. The document concludes that while the President's discretionary powers are explicitly outlined in the constitution, the Governor's are understood based on constitutional provisions.
The presentation comprises powers and functions of the President of India from the Constitutional perspective viz. Executive power, Legislative power, Financial power, Emergency power, Diplomatic Power, Military power, Pardoning power, etc.
The document discusses the roles and composition of the Cabinet of Ministers (COME) and the Prime Minister in India's parliamentary system of democracy. It notes that the COME is headed by the PM and is the most powerful institution in the executive branch. The COME aids and advises the President, who must act in accordance with the COME's advice. The COME consists of Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers. Major policies and national issues are decided by the Cabinet, which is a small group of senior ministers within the COME. The Cabinet frames legislation, administers policies, manages finances, handles diplomacy and appointments, and coordinates different ministries.
Ecuador has a presidential republic system of government with a president as both head of state and head of government. The unicameral National Assembly is the legislative body. Citizens can participate directly in governance through initiatives to propose legislation or constitutional amendments requiring a percentage of voter signatures. They can also recall elected officials through a referendum.
The document discusses the constitution of the council of ministers in India. It notes that according to Article 74 of the Indian constitution, the council of ministers aids and advises the president in exercising executive powers. The council of ministers is formed after the prime minister is sworn in and is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. The main functions of the council include aiding the president, determining legislative programs, preparing the budget, and formulating foreign policy. The council also exercises executive, legislative, and financial powers on behalf of the president.
The governor is the nominal executive head of the state, while the chief minister and council of ministers are the real executive. The governor is appointed by the president and holds office at the president's pleasure. The governor has executive, legislative, financial, and emergency powers but acts on the advice of the council of ministers in routine matters. The governor also has discretionary powers in certain areas like ordinance making and has special responsibilities in some states. While constitutionally the head of the state, the governor in practice acts as an agent of the central government.
The document discusses the roles and powers of the Union Executive in India, including the President, Vice President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. It outlines the qualifications, election process, powers and removal of the President and Vice President. The President is the nominal head of state but executive powers are exercised by the PM and Council of Ministers. The President has various powers including executive, legislative, financial, judicial, military, diplomatic and emergency powers, but must generally act on the advice of the PM and Council of Ministers.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and exercises executive authority in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is generally the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister's powers include forming the Council of Ministers, directing policy, and overseeing important appointments, though these are made by the President. The Council of Ministers aids the Prime Minister in developing and implementing policy and administering government departments and programs.
The document summarizes the role and powers of state Governors in India according to the constitution. It discusses that Governors act as the executive head of their state and perform similar duties to the President at the state level. Governors have both constitutional and discretionary powers. Constitutionally, Governors appoint ministers, preside over the state legislature, approve bills, and recommend the president's rule in emergencies. Discretionary powers include pardoning criminals, selecting the chief minister if no party has a majority, and administering union territories when necessary. Overall, Governors link state and central governments as constitutional heads of their states.
A governor is the constitutional head of an Indian state. The governor is appointed by the President of India under Article 155. Governors must be Indian citizens over 35 years old and cannot hold any other office of profit. As the executive head, governors exercise executive powers on a state's behalf and grant pardons. They also have legislative powers like summoning state legislatures. Governors have discretionary powers conferred to serve as the central government's agents in states and maintain national unity and integrity.
The document summarizes the executive structure at the state level in India. It discusses the roles of the Governor, Chief Minister, and Council of Ministers. The Governor is appointed by the President and acts as the nominal executive head of the state. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor and heads the Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor. Key powers of the Governor include executive, legislative, financial, judicial, and emergency powers, which are exercised based on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
Status Of The President Under The ConstitutionShiva Shankara
The document discusses the status and powers of the President of India under the Indian Constitution. It begins with providing context on the historical meaning and origins of the term "President". It then outlines the key provisions in the Constitution related to the President's role, functions, and powers. The President has executive, legislative, and emergency powers but courts have ruled that most powers must be exercised on the advice of the Council of Ministers. There is debate around some independent powers like pardoning and dissolving the lower house of parliament. Overall, the document analyzes the President's role as outlined in the Constitution and issues that have been subject to judicial interpretation.
The document summarizes the government system of Burundi. It is a presidential democratic republic with a bicameral parliament. The president is both head of state and head of government, serving a 7-year term. The legislative branch is made up of the 100-member National Assembly and at least 43-member Senate. Elections are held every 5 years for the National Assembly and indirectly for the Senate. The country has faced ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi groups.
The document discusses the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers at the state level in India. It defines the Chief Minister as the head of the state government, though formally appointed by the Governor. The Chief Minister is typically the leader of the party with a majority in the state assembly. They appoint the Council of Ministers and head this body. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor and collectively takes responsibility before the state legislature. Key roles of the Chief Minister include recommending ministers, designating portfolios, and advising the Governor on various appointments.
The powers and functions of the president 2Sunit Kapoor
The president has various executive, legislative, financial and emergency powers according to the Indian constitution. As the executive head, all executive powers are vested in the president, who exercises them directly or through subordinate officers. Some key powers include appointing the prime minister and other ministers, state governors, and high officials. The president also has powers related to parliament like summoning sessions and approving legislation. In emergencies, the president can declare national, state, or financial emergencies with parliamentary approval in some cases. The president further appoints high judicial officers and enjoys judicial immunity.
I talk about the government system of Ethiopia from executive to legislative and how elections work in a country that was once run by a great African monarchy.
The Governor is the nominal head of a state while the Chief Minister is the executive head. As the head of state, the Governor has various executive, legislative, financial, and judicial powers but generally acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The Governor is appointed by the President of India and can only be removed by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. Key responsibilities of the Governor include appointing the Chief Minister and other ministers, inaugurating the state legislature, approving bills passed by the legislative assembly, and reporting emergencies in the state to the President.
The document outlines several key parliamentary procedures in India:
1. Members of Parliament must take an oath before participating in proceedings.
2. A quorum of 10% of members is required to conduct business.
3. The Speaker can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie.
4. The first hour of each sitting is reserved for questions to the government.
Legislative powers of Parliament include making laws, amending the constitution, and approving the budget and other financial matters. Bills must pass several stages, including committee review, before becoming law with the President's assent.
2. discretionary powers of the president and the governor -- group iiJoyeeta Das
The document discusses the discretionary powers of the President of India and the Governor of West Bengal. It provides details on the current President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, and the current Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi. It explains that while the President's powers are mostly exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister, he does have some discretion, such as sending bills back for reconsideration or vetoing bills. The Governor has more discretionary powers than the President, including selecting the Chief Minister and dissolving the state's Legislative Assembly. The document concludes that while the President's discretionary powers are explicitly outlined in the constitution, the Governor's are understood based on constitutional provisions.
This document provides an overview of Chile's government system. It describes Chile as a representative democratic republic with an elected president and bicameral legislature. The president acts as both head of state and head of government, appointing ministers. The legislature consists of a lower Chamber of Deputies and upper Senate. Elections for president and deputies use proportional representation systems. The judiciary and constitutional framework are also summarized.
I talk about Brazil's system of government from executive to legislative and how elections work. I also talk about how it is a federation which means states and even districts within them get autonomy rights.
I talk about the government system of Equatorial Guinea, a small country found in Africa. I go over its system from executive to legislative and how the electoral system operates.
This document compares the political systems of Italy and the United Kingdom. It outlines that Italy has a democratic republic system with separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The UK has a constitutional monarchy with the Queen as head of state and a parliamentary government. Both countries have bicameral legislatures. The executive power is exercised by prime ministers and cabinets in each country. The judiciary is independent in both political systems.
The document summarizes the powers and roles of the President of India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While executive authority is exercised by the Prime Minister, the President has several important powers, including legislative, executive, judicial, appointment, financial, diplomatic, military, pardoning, and emergency powers. Some key powers include appointing judges, governors, and other officials; introducing certain types of bills; declaring emergencies; and being commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The current President of India is Pranab Mukherjee.
The document summarizes the powers and roles of the President of India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the President has several executive, legislative, and emergency powers outlined in the constitution, in practice the executive authority is exercised by the Prime Minister and council of ministers. The document then provides details on the various legislative, executive, judicial, appointment, financial, diplomatic, military, pardoning and emergency powers vested with the office of the President of India.
The Problem with School Uniforms and the Possible FixesCharlie
I talk about how school uniforms can be disruptive for autistic people and people with learning disabilities and look into what can be done to improve the situation.
The Possible Implications of Sky AdvertisingCharlie
1. A Candy Crush advertisement displayed in the sky over New York City using drones sparked discussion about the potential implications of sky advertising.
2. Regulations currently focus on drone safety and security, but sky advertising is new and unregulated. Advertisers may be interested in using colorful, moving light shows at night to reach massive audiences.
3. Regulations could be needed to limit when and where sky ads occur to prevent overcommercialization of the night sky and impacts on wildlife, while also addressing citizen concerns about losing clear night skies.
The document summarizes Montenegro's complex governmental system and history. Montenegro is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic with a directly elected president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. The country has experienced various rulers throughout its history, including being part of the Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Montenegro declared independence in 2006 and now has a multi-party parliamentary system within a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic.
1. The document discusses 7 simple things the author learned about JavaScript, including that JavaScript engines like V8 and SpiderMonkey power different browsers, languages can transpile to JavaScript, the ECMA-262 specification defines JavaScript, Firefox and Chrome have the best developer tools, the <script> tag inserts JavaScript into HTML, semicolons end statements but can be omitted, and strict mode was introduced to handle changes to the language.
Looking into COBOL and Being Serious About itCharlie
I talk about the OG COBOL programming language and explain how its still more prevalent than you probably realise. I go over its history, things it was used for, and how it continues in the modern world.
I go over some useful and fun browser website tools that can be used to do things like get videos, video conversion to other formats, search, and a website full of OSINT tools.
I talk about how getting lower grades in school does not mean you have to settle for less. School is not for everyone and we can create our own pathways.
Tim Berners-Lee Inventor of the World Wide WebCharlie
A blog post adapted from my presentation about Tim Berners-Lee who invented the world wide web. Goes over the history and some other information on Tim Berners-Lee.
British Virgin Islands Enquiry Asks for Direct Rule from BritainCharlie
I talk about the prospect of direct rule for the British Virgin Islands following a corruption enquiry and arrest of their Premier. I also look into what happened with the Turks and Caicos Islands when they were under direct rule.
I give an overview of the 2022 local elections that are happening later this week. This includes all of the council/local authority elections, mayoral elections, and the assembly election in Northern Ireland.
Britains 5 Original National Free-to-Air Television ChannelsCharlie
I look into the five national british television channels, BBC One and Two, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5. Includes their founding, history, setup, structure and how each managed to be successful.
Unemployment Among People with Autism is a Systemic Problem not an Individual...Charlie
I talk about how the unemployment issue among people with Autism is clearly a systemic issue and not an individual's issue alone. I highlight many of the common issues and barriers people with Autism face with employment and as a result many give up or try a more unconventional path.
How I Once Ran a Successful Facebook Page The Rise and FallCharlie
I talk about how I once ran a successful community-focused social media page that includes what I think I did right and wrong. I also talk about how and why it eventually came to an end.
The Weekly Update 1 TV Channel Blog Post Short Blogs and MoreCharlie
The first in the regular Weekly Update series for The Weekly Rambler blog. Goes over misc topics and gives information on what is happening with the blog and its content on a weekly basis.
A Look at Dark Items 4 The Binding of Isaac A Lump of Coal and KrampusCharlie
I look into the darkness and origins behind the Alpine folkloric being that is Krampus and I also look into the origins of why coal for Christmas is now a negative thing.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
1. May 15,
2020
The Government System of Djibouti
theweeklyrambler.com/the-government-system-of-djibouti/
Djibouti is a small country in the Horn
of Africa and is bordered with Eritrea,
Ethiopia and Somalia and has a coast
along the Gulf of Tadjoura, Gulf of
Aden and the Bab al-Mandab Strait
facing Yemen. Its capital city is easy to
remember as it is also called Djibouti
and is found along the coast of the Gulf
of Tadjoura not too far from the border
with Somalia.
In the earliest recorded times, the area
that is Djibouti along with Somalia was
part of an ancient kingdom called the
Land of Punt, and Zeila (now in
Somalia) was the seat of the Adal and
Ifat Sultanates. In the 19th Century the
French acquired what is today Djibouti
via a treaty with the ruling Somali and Afar sultans and the French colony was named
French Somaliland and in 1967 it was renamed to the French Territory of the Afars and
the Issas. The colony eventually voted for independence which they got in 1977 as
Djibouti, named after its capital city. There was armed conflict in the early 1990s over
representation in government but it was solved via a power-sharing agreement, the
country has been on a good track since. Due to its stable nature and strategic location,
numerous foreign military bases have been allowed to set up in the country, with the US
having its only permanent military base in Africa there.
The official languages in Djibouti are French and Arabic and other national languages are
Somali and Afar. The largest ethnic group are Somalis followed by the Afar and the
largest religion is Sunni Islam. The country’s currency is the Djiboutian franc. The
country’s population is just under 986,000.
Government Type
Djibouti is a presidential representative democratic republic with a President who is
Head of State and a Prime Minister who is Head of Government and there is a
unicameral chamber called the National Assembly that makes up the legislative
government. Multiple parties are allowed, although parties that identify themselves to a
specific race, ethnicity, a sex, religion, sect, language or region are not allowed.
1/8
3. SourceDjibouti Presidential Palace. Photo by Skilla1st from Wikimedia. CC BY-SA 4.0..
So as stated the country has a President who is Head of State who represents the
country abroad in international diplomacy and foreign affairs and who also has a
number of executive powers at their disposal.
Presidential Absence
When the President is unable to temporarily fulfil their duty, the Prime Minister will take
over as their interim for that period of time. In case of permanent vacancy or definitive
incapacity of the President which is determined by the Constitutional Court, who have
been referred to it by the Prime Minister or President of the National Assembly, then the
interim will be taken by the President of the Supreme Court until fresh elections take
place to elect a new President. During the time that the President of the Supreme Court
is interim leader they cannot adjust or dissolve the Government and cannot dissolve or
modify institutions of the republic.
President’s Powers
The President is charged with determining and conducting the Nation’s policy and the
President exercises regulatory power. The President has the power to address messages
to the Nation.
The President is the Supreme Head of the countries armed forces, the President
appoints the titular officers of the grand commands and the heads of corps. The
Presidents confers the decorations of the republic.
3/8
4. The President exercises the right to pardon from the law.
The President promulgates the law bills that have been passed by the National Assembly
and he can choose to send the bill back for a 2nd reading in an attempt to amend it if he
disagrees with some or all of it. Also, the President can, after consultation with the
President of the National Assembly and President of the Constitutional Court, submit a
law bill to a national referendum.
In the President’s job on international diplomacy and foreign affairs, the President
appoints and accredits the diplomatic and consular representatives and envoys to the
foreign powers. Ambassadors and envoys of foreign powers are accredited to the
President. The President negotiates and approves treaties and international
conventions, which are then given consent via vote of the National Assembly.
Emergency Provisions
During extraordinary times and emergencies, the President can take exceptional
emergency powers after advice from the President of the National Assembly and
President of the Constitutional Court with a message informing the public. These
measures allow the President to do anything, bar constitutional revision, to re-establish
regular functioning of public powers and ensure safeguarding of the nation.
During this time the National Assembly convenes of plain right and they ratify decisions
of the President, any of which not being ratified will not have an effect.
The Government
The Prime Minister is Head of Government and is designated by the President based on
the results of parliamentary elections. The Prime Minister and Government is charged to
be of assistance and counsel to the President
The President appoints and terminates members of Government and Ministers on
advice of the Prime Minister.
The Prime Minister and the Government implements the policy of the President and in-
turn the legislation passed by the National Assembly and promulgated by the President.
Government is responsible to the President and the Prime Minister and Government
must keep the confidence of the National Assembly.
The President of the Republic presides over the Council of Ministers which deliberates on
decisions that determine the general policy of the state, bills of law and appointments to
the superior offices of the state from a list established by virtue of a law adopted by the
National Assembly. The Council of Ministers can also decree a state of siege or urgency,
which requires the consent of the National Assembly to last longer than 15 days.
The President of the Republic has the power to delegate certain of his own
functions/powers to the Prime Minister or Ministers and other high functionaries of the
administration, that are within the framework of their respective attributions.
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5. Members of Government cannot exercise a parliamentary mandate at the same time.
The Legislative Government
SourceNational Assembly meeting place. Photo by Skilla1st from Wikimedia. CC BY-SA 3.0,.
The unicameral chamber called the National Assembly makes up the legislative
government and is charged with introducing, debating, amending, passing or rejecting
legislation and other decisions/resolutions. The National Assembly currently has 65
members, determined by organic law (which is law that generally cannot be changed via
just a simple majority but does not require a constitutional amendment to change). The
National Assembly also passes the Bill of the Law of Finance, which is the state budget, if
it fails to pass by the specified time then the President of the Republic is obligated to re-
implement the budget of the previous year by provisional twelfths.
Legislation can be introduced by the President of the Republic and the members of the
National Assembly.
The parliament has legislative oversight of the executive via oral or written questions,
interpellation of the Government, annual debate on the state of the nation and also
Parliamentary commissions of inquiry can be made, within the framework of the control
of the action of Government.
The National Assembly gives consent to a declaration of war. Various international
treaties require approval via legislation passed by the National Assembly. Secession or
acquisition of territory requires consent via a national referendum.
An extraordinary session on a specific agenda can be called by either the President of
the Republic, President of the National Assembly or at the demand of the absolute
majority of the National Assembly’s members.
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6. The President of the National Assembly is elected by the members after each new
parliamentary mandate (after parliamentary elections). A Conference of Presidents is
held to determine agenda of the National Assembly which includes the President of the
National Assembly, Vice Presidents of the National Assembly’s Bureau, Presidents of the
Parliamentary Groups, Presidents of the Commissions and the Rapporteur-General of
the Commission of Finance, a representative of the Government also participates.
The Judicial System
The President of the Republic is the guarantor of judicial independence and is guided by
the Superior Council of the Magistrature which the President presides over, its
composition is decided by an organic law.
The Constitutional Court has six members serving 8-year-terms and are not renewable.
Two are appointed by the President of the Republic, two by the President of the National
Assembly and the other two by the Superior Council of the Magistrature. Its members
are renewed in halves every 4-years. Those chosen must be at least 30-years-old and be
chosen from among jurists of experience. The President of the Constitutional Council is
appointed by the President of the Republic from among the court’s members. Former
Presidents of the Republic are ex officio members of the court for life.
There is a High Court of Justice that can try the President or members of Government
put before it by vote of the National Assembly. The President can only be tried for High
Treason. Accusations to put the President or member of Government before the High
Court of Justice requires a two-third majority vote of the National Assembly. High Court
of Justice decision can lead to removal from office.
The High Court of Justice’s members are designated by the National Assembly at each
general renewal and its composition is decided by organic law. The President of the High
Court of Justice is elected from among the members of the court.
The Electoral System
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7. Source. Image by Skilla1st from Wikimedia. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Presidential elections happen every 5-years. The election uses a two-round system
where a candidate must get an absolute majority to win outright in the first round
otherwise a 2nd round will be held between the top two candidates which is won by
simple majority. There are no term limits on how many times a single person can hold
office.
Candidates for President must be a Djiboutian born citizen, enjoy all civil and political
rights and be at least 40-years-old but no older than 75-years-old.
Parliamentary elections happen every 5-years to elect the members of the National
Assembly. Members are elected from multi-seat constituencies using a party-list
proportional representation system where parties who reach a specified threshold
percentage of votes are guaranteed seats.
Candidates for the National Assembly must be a citizen of Djibouti, who are at least 23-
years or older and enjoy all civil and political rights.
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8. Sources
Sources from this were from Djibouti’s 1992 constitution with amendments through to
2010 (constituteproject.org) and so should be as accurate as possible but of course there
is always the chance I may have misinterpreted something so cross-research is
suggested for any using this in a serious capacity and of course the constitution can
always be amended and so this post may eventually become outdated.
Some information on electoral procedure from the CIA World Factbook Djibouti entry.
The President of the Republic or at least one-third of National Assembly members can
propose an amendment to the country’s constitution. The revision than requires to be
passed via the National Assembly on a simple majority and then either requires a
National Referendum or the President of the Republic can choose to adopt the revision
in the National Assembly instead, requiring a two-thirds majority.
Next up will be the government system of Dominica.
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