I talk about the government system of Bhutan including its monarchy, executive and legislative systems and how they all work as well as how elections work.
Power of president under 1973 constitutionBushraIram2
The document summarizes the powers of the President of Pakistan under the 1973 constitution. It outlines that the President must be a Muslim over 45 years old. They are elected by the national and provincial assemblies and must take an oath before the Chief Justice. The President cannot hold any other office or position while in office. Their 5-year term is renewable once. The President has powers related to pardoning criminals, promulgating ordinances, appointing the Prime Minister and cabinet, and dissolving the National Assembly. All bills must be signed into law by the President.
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres.
2. discretionary powers of the president and the governor -- group iiJoyeeta Das
The document discusses the discretionary powers of the President of India and the Governor of West Bengal. It provides details on the current President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, and the current Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi. It explains that while the President's powers are mostly exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister, he does have some discretion, such as sending bills back for reconsideration or vetoing bills. The Governor has more discretionary powers than the President, including selecting the Chief Minister and dissolving the state's Legislative Assembly. The document concludes that while the President's discretionary powers are explicitly outlined in the constitution, the Governor's are understood based on constitutional provisions.
Introduction
Definition
Location
Composition
Qualification of President
Electoral college
Oath
Terms of office of President
Presidential Powers
Authorities of President
Duties of President
Removal of President
Conclusion
The functions of government executive branchNitashaMaqsood
The Executive branch of the Pakistani government is responsible for the daily management and administration of the country. It is headed by the Prime Minister, who is elected by the National Assembly and appoints the cabinet and senior government officials. The President is the ceremonial head of state and is elected by an Electoral College for a five-year term. Key roles of the Executive branch include overseeing provinces and institutions through governors and appointments, commanding the armed forces, and enacting policies through the Cabinet and departments.
The governor of an Indian state has certain discretionary powers that allow them to act without advice from the state's council of ministers in some situations. These include reserving a bill for the president's consideration, recommending president's rule be imposed in the state, and seeking information from the chief minister. The governor can also use discretionary powers to appoint a chief minister if no party has a majority or dismiss a council of ministers that loses the assembly's confidence. These discretionary powers give the governor an enhanced role beyond just a constitutional head.
A governor is the constitutional head of an Indian state. The governor is appointed by the President of India under Article 155. Governors must be Indian citizens over 35 years old and cannot hold any other office of profit. As the executive head, governors exercise executive powers on a state's behalf and grant pardons. They also have legislative powers like summoning state legislatures. Governors have discretionary powers conferred to serve as the central government's agents in states and maintain national unity and integrity.
Preliminary Exam, Main Exam, Interview
Higher Posts: Main Exam, Interview
Training:
Foundation Course at LBSNAA, Mussoorie
Probation:
2 years probation period
Bureaucracy
Power of president under 1973 constitutionBushraIram2
The document summarizes the powers of the President of Pakistan under the 1973 constitution. It outlines that the President must be a Muslim over 45 years old. They are elected by the national and provincial assemblies and must take an oath before the Chief Justice. The President cannot hold any other office or position while in office. Their 5-year term is renewable once. The President has powers related to pardoning criminals, promulgating ordinances, appointing the Prime Minister and cabinet, and dissolving the National Assembly. All bills must be signed into law by the President.
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres.
2. discretionary powers of the president and the governor -- group iiJoyeeta Das
The document discusses the discretionary powers of the President of India and the Governor of West Bengal. It provides details on the current President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, and the current Governor of West Bengal, Keshari Nath Tripathi. It explains that while the President's powers are mostly exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister, he does have some discretion, such as sending bills back for reconsideration or vetoing bills. The Governor has more discretionary powers than the President, including selecting the Chief Minister and dissolving the state's Legislative Assembly. The document concludes that while the President's discretionary powers are explicitly outlined in the constitution, the Governor's are understood based on constitutional provisions.
Introduction
Definition
Location
Composition
Qualification of President
Electoral college
Oath
Terms of office of President
Presidential Powers
Authorities of President
Duties of President
Removal of President
Conclusion
The functions of government executive branchNitashaMaqsood
The Executive branch of the Pakistani government is responsible for the daily management and administration of the country. It is headed by the Prime Minister, who is elected by the National Assembly and appoints the cabinet and senior government officials. The President is the ceremonial head of state and is elected by an Electoral College for a five-year term. Key roles of the Executive branch include overseeing provinces and institutions through governors and appointments, commanding the armed forces, and enacting policies through the Cabinet and departments.
The governor of an Indian state has certain discretionary powers that allow them to act without advice from the state's council of ministers in some situations. These include reserving a bill for the president's consideration, recommending president's rule be imposed in the state, and seeking information from the chief minister. The governor can also use discretionary powers to appoint a chief minister if no party has a majority or dismiss a council of ministers that loses the assembly's confidence. These discretionary powers give the governor an enhanced role beyond just a constitutional head.
A governor is the constitutional head of an Indian state. The governor is appointed by the President of India under Article 155. Governors must be Indian citizens over 35 years old and cannot hold any other office of profit. As the executive head, governors exercise executive powers on a state's behalf and grant pardons. They also have legislative powers like summoning state legislatures. Governors have discretionary powers conferred to serve as the central government's agents in states and maintain national unity and integrity.
Preliminary Exam, Main Exam, Interview
Higher Posts: Main Exam, Interview
Training:
Foundation Course at LBSNAA, Mussoorie
Probation:
2 years probation period
Bureaucracy
The presentation comprises powers and functions of the President of India from the Constitutional perspective viz. Executive power, Legislative power, Financial power, Emergency power, Diplomatic Power, Military power, Pardoning power, etc.
Ordinances are temporary laws promulgated by the President of India on the recommendation of the Union Cabinet when Parliament is not in session. They allow the government to take immediate legislative action but expire within 6 weeks if not approved by Parliament. Ordinances are equal to Acts but are temporary until approved, repealed, or replaced by an Act of the legislature. Acts are laws passed by Parliament or state assemblies while laws can take the form of Acts, ordinances, orders, by-laws, rules or regulations. Some examples of central government ordinances include amendments to customs tariffs, taxation laws, and prevention of terrorism laws.
- Canada has a parliamentary democracy with three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch includes the Queen, Senate, and House of Commons. The executive branch implements laws and includes the Queen, Prime Minister, and Cabinet. The judicial branch applies laws independently.
- The federal government has three levels - the Queen as head of state, the Prime Minister as head of government, and Parliament which passes laws. Provincial governments have similar structures without the Senate. The Supreme Court is the highest court.
The document summarizes the qualifications, election process, powers, and removal of the President of India. It states that the President is indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies using single transferable vote. The President can be removed through impeachment, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of parliament. The President holds executive, legislative, financial, and limited judicial powers according to the Constitution but has a largely ceremonial role.
The Government of Pakistan is a central i.e. Federal government that is established under the constitution of Pakistan. Under the constitution of Pakistan a federal government represents the authority of four provinces and conventional parliamentary democratic state, which is collectively called as the State of Pakistan.
The document summarizes the government system of Burundi. It is a presidential democratic republic with a bicameral parliament. The president is both head of state and head of government, serving a 7-year term. The legislative branch is made up of the 100-member National Assembly and at least 43-member Senate. Elections are held every 5 years for the National Assembly and indirectly for the Senate. The country has faced ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi groups.
This document provides an overview of politics in the US, India, and Pakistan. It discusses the branches of government in the US including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches at the federal and state levels. It also outlines the two main political parties in the US. For India, it summarizes the country's federal system and parliamentary political system, including the roles of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha legislative bodies. For Pakistan, it describes the role of the president and National Assembly, the influence of Islam in government, the military's involvement in politics, and Pakistan's international relations.
The document summarizes the powers and roles of the President of India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the President has several executive, legislative, and emergency powers outlined in the constitution, in practice the executive authority is exercised by the Prime Minister and council of ministers. The document then provides details on the various legislative, executive, judicial, appointment, financial, diplomatic, military, pardoning and emergency powers vested with the office of the President of India.
Powers of President and Governors in INDIAPrabhjot Kaur
The document summarizes the key powers of the President and Governors in India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief, elected indirectly by an electoral college. While executive powers vest with the President, they are exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. Governors are appointed by the President and are the constitutional heads of their respective states, exercising executive power on behalf of the state. Both roles have important powers regarding legislation, finance, emergencies, and appointments.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
Learn and better understand the system of governance used by the country of Afghanistan and how their elections work in my new A to Z political post series.
The document discusses the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers at the state level in India. It defines the Chief Minister as the head of the state government, though formally appointed by the Governor. The Chief Minister is typically the leader of the party with a majority in the state assembly. They appoint the Council of Ministers and head this body. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor and collectively takes responsibility before the state legislature. Key roles of the Chief Minister include recommending ministers, designating portfolios, and advising the Governor on various appointments.
Topic 3 main components of the malaysian government systemChe Amm
The document discusses the main components of the Malaysian government system. It introduces the Council of Rulers, which elects the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Head of State) and plays an important advisory role. The three main bodies of government - the executive, legislative, and judiciary - are also explained. The executive body is led by the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The legislative body consists of the Parliament and State Assemblies, which create laws. These bodies operate under the principle of separation of powers.
The document outlines several key parliamentary procedures in India:
1. Members of Parliament must take an oath before participating in proceedings.
2. A quorum of 10% of members is required to conduct business.
3. The Speaker can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie.
4. The first hour of each sitting is reserved for questions to the government.
Legislative powers of Parliament include making laws, amending the constitution, and approving the budget and other financial matters. Bills must pass several stages, including committee review, before becoming law with the President's assent.
The document summarizes Pakistan's government system. It has three branches: the legislative branch including the National Assembly and Senate; the executive branch led by the Prime Minister; and the judiciary branch headed by the Supreme Court. The National Assembly is the lower house with 342 members elected for 5-year terms. The Senate is the upper house with 104 members elected for 6-year terms. Provincial assemblies also exist at the provincial level. The Prime Minister is the head of government and selects the cabinet. The judiciary interprets laws and has a hierarchy of courts from lowest to highest of Magistrates Courts, District Courts, High Courts, and the Supreme Court.
Lok Sabha (House of the People)
545 members
2 are appointed by the President of India
the rest are directly elected from single-member districts
5-year terms unless dissolved
Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer
the Speaker
The document provides information about Afghanistan, including:
- It is an Islamic republic located in South Central Asia, with a population of over 39 million people and Kabul as its capital.
- The government is a presidential republic consisting of an executive branch led by a president, a national assembly serving as the legislative branch, and a supreme court as the head of the judicial branch.
- Some key facts about Afghanistan's legal system are also provided, such as it operating under Islamic, civil, and customary law. The criminal code outlines different classifications of crimes and their corresponding punishments.
I go over the government system of Belarus from executive to legislative and how the electoral system works in the country with the leader dubbed as Europe's last dictator.
The presentation comprises powers and functions of the President of India from the Constitutional perspective viz. Executive power, Legislative power, Financial power, Emergency power, Diplomatic Power, Military power, Pardoning power, etc.
Ordinances are temporary laws promulgated by the President of India on the recommendation of the Union Cabinet when Parliament is not in session. They allow the government to take immediate legislative action but expire within 6 weeks if not approved by Parliament. Ordinances are equal to Acts but are temporary until approved, repealed, or replaced by an Act of the legislature. Acts are laws passed by Parliament or state assemblies while laws can take the form of Acts, ordinances, orders, by-laws, rules or regulations. Some examples of central government ordinances include amendments to customs tariffs, taxation laws, and prevention of terrorism laws.
- Canada has a parliamentary democracy with three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch includes the Queen, Senate, and House of Commons. The executive branch implements laws and includes the Queen, Prime Minister, and Cabinet. The judicial branch applies laws independently.
- The federal government has three levels - the Queen as head of state, the Prime Minister as head of government, and Parliament which passes laws. Provincial governments have similar structures without the Senate. The Supreme Court is the highest court.
The document summarizes the qualifications, election process, powers, and removal of the President of India. It states that the President is indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies using single transferable vote. The President can be removed through impeachment, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of parliament. The President holds executive, legislative, financial, and limited judicial powers according to the Constitution but has a largely ceremonial role.
The Government of Pakistan is a central i.e. Federal government that is established under the constitution of Pakistan. Under the constitution of Pakistan a federal government represents the authority of four provinces and conventional parliamentary democratic state, which is collectively called as the State of Pakistan.
The document summarizes the government system of Burundi. It is a presidential democratic republic with a bicameral parliament. The president is both head of state and head of government, serving a 7-year term. The legislative branch is made up of the 100-member National Assembly and at least 43-member Senate. Elections are held every 5 years for the National Assembly and indirectly for the Senate. The country has faced ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi groups.
This document provides an overview of politics in the US, India, and Pakistan. It discusses the branches of government in the US including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches at the federal and state levels. It also outlines the two main political parties in the US. For India, it summarizes the country's federal system and parliamentary political system, including the roles of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha legislative bodies. For Pakistan, it describes the role of the president and National Assembly, the influence of Islam in government, the military's involvement in politics, and Pakistan's international relations.
The document summarizes the powers and roles of the President of India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. While the President has several executive, legislative, and emergency powers outlined in the constitution, in practice the executive authority is exercised by the Prime Minister and council of ministers. The document then provides details on the various legislative, executive, judicial, appointment, financial, diplomatic, military, pardoning and emergency powers vested with the office of the President of India.
Powers of President and Governors in INDIAPrabhjot Kaur
The document summarizes the key powers of the President and Governors in India. It outlines that the President is the head of state and commander-in-chief, elected indirectly by an electoral college. While executive powers vest with the President, they are exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. Governors are appointed by the President and are the constitutional heads of their respective states, exercising executive power on behalf of the state. Both roles have important powers regarding legislation, finance, emergencies, and appointments.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
Learn and better understand the system of governance used by the country of Afghanistan and how their elections work in my new A to Z political post series.
The document discusses the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers at the state level in India. It defines the Chief Minister as the head of the state government, though formally appointed by the Governor. The Chief Minister is typically the leader of the party with a majority in the state assembly. They appoint the Council of Ministers and head this body. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor and collectively takes responsibility before the state legislature. Key roles of the Chief Minister include recommending ministers, designating portfolios, and advising the Governor on various appointments.
Topic 3 main components of the malaysian government systemChe Amm
The document discusses the main components of the Malaysian government system. It introduces the Council of Rulers, which elects the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Head of State) and plays an important advisory role. The three main bodies of government - the executive, legislative, and judiciary - are also explained. The executive body is led by the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The legislative body consists of the Parliament and State Assemblies, which create laws. These bodies operate under the principle of separation of powers.
The document outlines several key parliamentary procedures in India:
1. Members of Parliament must take an oath before participating in proceedings.
2. A quorum of 10% of members is required to conduct business.
3. The Speaker can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie.
4. The first hour of each sitting is reserved for questions to the government.
Legislative powers of Parliament include making laws, amending the constitution, and approving the budget and other financial matters. Bills must pass several stages, including committee review, before becoming law with the President's assent.
The document summarizes Pakistan's government system. It has three branches: the legislative branch including the National Assembly and Senate; the executive branch led by the Prime Minister; and the judiciary branch headed by the Supreme Court. The National Assembly is the lower house with 342 members elected for 5-year terms. The Senate is the upper house with 104 members elected for 6-year terms. Provincial assemblies also exist at the provincial level. The Prime Minister is the head of government and selects the cabinet. The judiciary interprets laws and has a hierarchy of courts from lowest to highest of Magistrates Courts, District Courts, High Courts, and the Supreme Court.
Lok Sabha (House of the People)
545 members
2 are appointed by the President of India
the rest are directly elected from single-member districts
5-year terms unless dissolved
Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer
the Speaker
The document provides information about Afghanistan, including:
- It is an Islamic republic located in South Central Asia, with a population of over 39 million people and Kabul as its capital.
- The government is a presidential republic consisting of an executive branch led by a president, a national assembly serving as the legislative branch, and a supreme court as the head of the judicial branch.
- Some key facts about Afghanistan's legal system are also provided, such as it operating under Islamic, civil, and customary law. The criminal code outlines different classifications of crimes and their corresponding punishments.
I go over the government system of Belarus from executive to legislative and how the electoral system works in the country with the leader dubbed as Europe's last dictator.
- The legislative branch of the Indian government consists of the two houses of parliament - the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected indirectly by state assemblies.
- The Lok Sabha has powers such as approving ordinances issued by the president and changing state boundaries. The Rajya Sabha acts as a revisionary house that balances the Lok Sabha and represents vulnerable sections through proportional representation.
The document summarizes the executive structure at the state level in India. It discusses the roles of the Governor, Chief Minister, and Council of Ministers. The Governor is appointed by the President and acts as the nominal executive head of the state. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor and heads the Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor. Key powers of the Governor include executive, legislative, financial, judicial, and emergency powers, which are exercised based on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
There are five types of political institutions in India: the President, the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, the Parliament, the Judiciary, and the Civil Service. The President is the nominal executive who is elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting of members of parliament and state legislative assemblies. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is elected by the party or coalition that wins a majority in the Lok Sabha. The Parliament makes laws and oversees the government. The independent Judiciary interprets laws and protects fundamental rights. The Civil Service administers governance and implements government policies.
I go over the government system of Barbados from executive to legislative and how elections work on the small island nation that was once apart of the British Empire.
The document discusses the government of India and the roles of the president, prime minister, and parliament. It is comprised of three branches:
1) The executive branch consists of the president, prime minister, and Council of Ministers.
2) The legislative branch has two houses - Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
3) The president has various powers including legislative, executive, appointing, and emergency powers. The prime minister aids the president and leads the Council of Ministers.
The Problem with School Uniforms and the Possible FixesCharlie
I talk about how school uniforms can be disruptive for autistic people and people with learning disabilities and look into what can be done to improve the situation.
The Possible Implications of Sky AdvertisingCharlie
1. A Candy Crush advertisement displayed in the sky over New York City using drones sparked discussion about the potential implications of sky advertising.
2. Regulations currently focus on drone safety and security, but sky advertising is new and unregulated. Advertisers may be interested in using colorful, moving light shows at night to reach massive audiences.
3. Regulations could be needed to limit when and where sky ads occur to prevent overcommercialization of the night sky and impacts on wildlife, while also addressing citizen concerns about losing clear night skies.
The document summarizes Montenegro's complex governmental system and history. Montenegro is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic with a directly elected president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. The country has experienced various rulers throughout its history, including being part of the Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Montenegro declared independence in 2006 and now has a multi-party parliamentary system within a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic.
1. The document discusses 7 simple things the author learned about JavaScript, including that JavaScript engines like V8 and SpiderMonkey power different browsers, languages can transpile to JavaScript, the ECMA-262 specification defines JavaScript, Firefox and Chrome have the best developer tools, the <script> tag inserts JavaScript into HTML, semicolons end statements but can be omitted, and strict mode was introduced to handle changes to the language.
Looking into COBOL and Being Serious About itCharlie
I talk about the OG COBOL programming language and explain how its still more prevalent than you probably realise. I go over its history, things it was used for, and how it continues in the modern world.
I go over some useful and fun browser website tools that can be used to do things like get videos, video conversion to other formats, search, and a website full of OSINT tools.
I talk about how getting lower grades in school does not mean you have to settle for less. School is not for everyone and we can create our own pathways.
Tim Berners-Lee Inventor of the World Wide WebCharlie
A blog post adapted from my presentation about Tim Berners-Lee who invented the world wide web. Goes over the history and some other information on Tim Berners-Lee.
British Virgin Islands Enquiry Asks for Direct Rule from BritainCharlie
I talk about the prospect of direct rule for the British Virgin Islands following a corruption enquiry and arrest of their Premier. I also look into what happened with the Turks and Caicos Islands when they were under direct rule.
I give an overview of the 2022 local elections that are happening later this week. This includes all of the council/local authority elections, mayoral elections, and the assembly election in Northern Ireland.
Britains 5 Original National Free-to-Air Television ChannelsCharlie
I look into the five national british television channels, BBC One and Two, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5. Includes their founding, history, setup, structure and how each managed to be successful.
Unemployment Among People with Autism is a Systemic Problem not an Individual...Charlie
I talk about how the unemployment issue among people with Autism is clearly a systemic issue and not an individual's issue alone. I highlight many of the common issues and barriers people with Autism face with employment and as a result many give up or try a more unconventional path.
How I Once Ran a Successful Facebook Page The Rise and FallCharlie
I talk about how I once ran a successful community-focused social media page that includes what I think I did right and wrong. I also talk about how and why it eventually came to an end.
The Weekly Update 1 TV Channel Blog Post Short Blogs and MoreCharlie
The first in the regular Weekly Update series for The Weekly Rambler blog. Goes over misc topics and gives information on what is happening with the blog and its content on a weekly basis.
A Look at Dark Items 4 The Binding of Isaac A Lump of Coal and KrampusCharlie
I look into the darkness and origins behind the Alpine folkloric being that is Krampus and I also look into the origins of why coal for Christmas is now a negative thing.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
1. February 4,
2020
The Government System of Bhutan
theweeklyrambler.com/the-government-system-of-bhutan/
For some reason Bhutan is one of my favourite countries, I think just due to how strange
and unique it is. The small country is isolated within mountains and its people have
relatively little contact with the outside world, plus they like dragons! Their king is even
called a Dragon-King! It’s all pretty epic. So, I have been looking forward to this one.
Bhutan is a small Buddhist Kingdom in the south of Asia on the Himalayas’ eastern edge
and is known for its monasteries, dzongs, which are a type of fortress and its impressive
and unique landscapes from steep mountains, subtropical plains and valleys, many
tourists come here to trek. The country is landlocked, wedged between China and India,
its border with China is somewhat disputed. The country’s capital is Thimphu and is
located in Bhutan’s west.
1/8
2. The country is also notable for never having been colonized in its history and has been
independent since its creation. As you can probably suspect the largest religion is
Buddhism and is the country’s designated official religion. Its language is Dzongkha, also
called Bhutanese and is a Sino-Tibetan language. The currency is the ngultrum and as of
2017 its population was just over 727,000.
Government Type
Emblem of Bhutan
Bhutan is a very recent democracy, only having had transferred from an absolute
monarchy to constitutional parliamentary democracy in 2008. This means the country
still has a monarch, the king, who is Head of State but also has a Prime Minister who is
Head of Government.
There is also a bicameral parliament that makes up the legislative government. Multiple
parties are allowed but only two parties can sit in the lower house, which is decided on
by primary elections that happen before the main parliamentary elections. Members
2/8
3. who sit in the upper house of parliament cannot be a part of parties and must be non-
partisan.
Monarchy and Executive Government
Tashichho Dzong. Photo by Bgag on Wikimedia. License.
As said the country has a Monarchy with the King who is Head of State, representing
Bhutan as its face and also has a Prime Minister who is Head of Government, dealing
with executive government and being accountable to the king and bicameral parliament.
Bhutan’s king is called the Druk Gyalpo which literally means “Dragon King”. The
monarchy is hereditary but the king has significantly less power now, having to retire the
crown by age 65 and can be forced out by a two-thirds majority vote in parliament which
would be followed by a national referendum which must pass a simple majority in all of
the country’s twenty districts. The King has some limited powers he can exercise, but
many of his powers were transferred to the Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime
Minister.
Such powers the King has include appointing the Prime Minister who was nominated by
the winning party after parliamentary elections, the King can also nominate five
members of the National Council (upper house of parliament) to be appointed, just like
all the other members of the National Council, these members must be non-partisan and
not part of a political party. The King can award titles and decorations in accordance with
tradition and custom, he can grant citizenship, land, amnesty and give pardon or
reduction of sentences.
The King can also appoint a number of positions and offices, such as the Chief Justice of
Bhutan and of the High Court, Drangpons of the Supreme and High court, Chief election
commissioner and election commissioners, Auditor General, Defence heads from a list
recommended by the Service Promotion Board, Attorney General, Governor of Central
3/8
4. Bank who is recommended by the Prime Minister and a number of government
positions, many on recommendation from the Prime Minister or who have been
nominated by a commission, among other positions.
The King also grants royal assent to bills passed by parliament, he can though refuse and
offer amendments and objections to the bill, in this case the house will sit in a joint-
sitting and the bill in question will require a two-thirds vote to pass, whether it accepts
the amendments, objections or rejects them. If it passes the King must then grant assent
to the bill.
The King also appoints a monk that is learned and respected and ordained in accordance
with the Druk-lu, with the nine qualities of the spiritual master and accomplished in ked-
dzog that is recommended by five Lepons as the Je Khenpo, a highly important religious
leader and is often seen as a close and powerful advisor to the King.
The King can sit at proceedings of either house of parliament and can also address them
and can send messages to either or both houses of parliament. The King can ask either
the Speaker or Chairperson of the houses to hold an extraordinary session of parliament
if necessary.
The King also promotes the country’s interests abroad by holding events such as
receiving state guests and undertaking state visits to other countries.
The King is also the Supreme Commander in Chief of Bhutan’s armed forces and militia.
The constitution only allows the armed forces and militia to be used against a foreign
state in self-defense or for maintaining security, territorial integrity and sovereignty.
The King is also charged with upholding and protecting the country’s constitution.
The King presides over a Privy Council, members consist of two appointed by the King,
one nominated by the National Assembly (lower house of parliament) and one
nominated by the National Council (upper house of parliament). The Privy Council deals
with matters pertaining to the privileges of the King and royal family, matters with
conduct of the royal family, rendering advice to the King on matters of the Throne and
royal family, all matters pertaining to crown properties and any other matter that may be
commanded by the King.
The Prime Minister heads the Council of Ministers which determines governing policy
and is accountable to the king and parliament. The Prime Minister is nominated by the
winning party after parliamentary elections and is then appointed by the King.
If the King abdicates, dies, or is removed and the heir is not yet of age (21-years or older)
or if the King has relinquished power temporarily a Council of Regency will be formed to
temporarily perform the royal prerogatives of the monarchy. The Council of Regency is
made up of a senior member of the royal family nominated by the Privy Council, the
Prime Minister, the Chief Justice of Bhutan, the Speaker, the Chairperson of the National
Council and the Leader of the Opposition Party.
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5. The King and members of the Royal Family enjoy special privileges such as annuities
from the state in accordance with parliamentary law, all rights and privileges including
the provision of palaces and residences for official and personal use and exemption
from taxation on the royal annuity and properties.
Environmental protection is enshrined in the country’s constitution, such as preventing
pollution and degradation. At least 60% of Bhutan’s land must be kept under forest cover
for all time. Parliament has the power to declare any part of the country as a National
Park, Wildlife Reserve, Nature Reserve, Protected Forest, Biosphere Reserve, Critical
Watershed or any other category meriting protection.
Legislative Government
Legislative Parliament is made up of a bicameral parliament consisting of an upper and
lower house that debates, scrutinizes, rejects, amends and passes legislation to be put
into law. They have powers to keep the King and Prime Minister in check and hold them
to account.
The houses appoint committees which draft and aims to introduce legislation and
amendments, the upper house is unable to introduce money and financial bills, which
can only be introduced to the lower house.
If one house passes a bill but the other refuses to pass it or amendments put on to it are
rejected then the King will call a joint session in an attempt to pass the bill, requiring a
two-thirds majority. If a house does not pass or return a bill by the next session the bill
will automatically pass to the King for assent.
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6. A number of officials can be impeached by parliament due to incapacity, incompetency,
or serious misconduct, impeachment on an official requires a two-thirds vote to pass.
The lower house of parliament, the National Assembly or the Gyelyong Tshogdu,
currently has 47 members elected by the people. It is seen as the primary house of
parliament. The National Assembly is presided over by a Speaker and Deputy Speaker
elected from among house members, the Speaker who regulates debate and makes
sure parliamentary rules are followed and makes decisions on the affairs of the lower
house, if there is a deadlock in a vote, the Speaker will cast the deciding vote.
The upper house of parliament, the National Council or Gyelyong Tshogde, currently has
25 members, 20 who are elected and 5 who are appointed by the King. The upper house
is seen as a house of review and scrutinizes lower house decisions. The National Council
is presided over by a Chairperson and a Deputy Chairperson elected from among house
members, the Chairperson has the same powers over the upper house as the Speaker
does the lower house including a deciding vote in deadlocks.
If there is a joint sitting the Speaker of the lower house takes precedence.
Both houses can remove a sitting member with a two-thirds vote. A motion of no-
confidence can be brought against the government and requires one-third vote to pass,
if passed the King will dismiss the government.
The bicameral parliament must also consent to district boundary changes and any
territorial border changes by a three-fourths vote.
Changing the constitution requires various requirements to be met depending on what
part or parts are being changed, including super-majorities and national referendums.
Electoral System
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7. Bhutan District boundaries. Photo byNordNordWest from Wikimedia. License.
Parliamentary elections take place every 5-years to elect the lower house, National
Assembly. First of all, Primary elections take place which determine the two parties that
will be allowed to field candidates in the main Parliamentary election, this is decided by a
national popular vote, after this, candidates stand in single-seat constituencies within
each of the twenty districts, the amount of constituencies a district has is no less than
two and no more than seven and is based on a districts population and candidates are
elected by first-past-the-post. The largest party nominates the Prime Minister who is
then appointed by the King. Constituencies in each district are reviewed every 10-years
by parliament.
The upper house, the National Council, is also elected/appointed every 5-years. 20
members are elected, one from each of the 20 districts by first-past-the-post and five
further members are appointed by the King. All of these members cannot be part of a
party and must be non-partisan.
Eligible candidates for parliament must have Bhutanese citizenship, be a registered voter
of the constituency they stand in, be 25-years or older but not over the age of 65, not be
receiving money or assistance from foreign sources and fulfil necessary educational and
other qualifications prescribed by electoral law.
Candidates can be disqualified from running by marrying a person who is not a citizen of
Bhutan, termination from Public Service, convicted for any criminal offences and
sentenced to imprisonment, is in arrears of taxes or other dues to government, failing to
lodge accounts of election expenses, holds any office of profit under the government as
prescribed by electoral law or disqualified under any law made by parliament.
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8. Voters must have Bhutanese citizenship, be at least 18-years or older, registered to the
civil registry of their constituency for at least 1-year and not disqualified from voting
under any law od Bhutan. Voting is not compulsory.
Thank you for reading, my source of information for this post is from the 2008 Bhutan
constitution itself and so is as accurate as possible but if you are using this information
in a serious capacity it is important to cross-check as the possibility remains that I may
have mis-interpreted some things, as well as that the constitution can also change and so
over time certain things may become outdated on this post. Next up will be Bolivia’s
government system!
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