The Four Major Perspectives Of Populism

The Four Major Perspectives Of Populism
Theoretical Framework
As introduced in the previous chapter, it is difficult to consistently describe populism and compare it as a system of ideas qua ideas. Therefore, this
chapter follows Roberts' four main perspectives of populism: historical/sociological, economic, ideological and political perspectives (Roberts, 1995).
In fact, all four perspectives have interrelated elements as seen below. historical/sociological perspective
Germani et al. argue that populism is directly linked to a particular economic transformation phase from agrarian societies to industrial societies since
1930s (Germani, Di Tella, & Ianni, 1973). New economic development model of 1930s; namely import substituting industrialization (ISI), leads to
urbanization and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
8).
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Populism In Latin America
Introduction.
In any social science, it is hard to find a concept that has a single, universally accepted definition. Any scholar has a vision of what characteristics are
inherent to this or that phenomenon. The concept of populism is not an exception. It is one of the most difficult in this respect, as many researchers at
different times have used this term to refer to different phenomena: starting from the style of speech and ending with a certain stage of development in
the process of modernization of the state.
In my paper, the concept of populism is defined by Kurt Weyland as a specific political strategy when the charismatic leader is directly appealing to the
masses, "populism is best defined as a political strategy through which a personalistic leader seeks or exercises government power based on direct,
unmediated, uninstitutionalized support from large numbers of mostly unorganized followers". The concept of populism as a political strategy is
usually used in relation to Latin America. This continent has a long history of populism, beginning with the 1930s–1960s, when the first wave of
populist regimes was formed (Lazaro CГЎrdenas in Mexico, Victor Raul Haya de la Torre in Peru, Getulio Vargas in Brazil and Juan Peron in
Argentina). Toward the end of XX – beginning of XXI century the emergence of new radical populist regimes occurred not only in Latin America but
also in Eastern Europe. However, the researchers did not rush to analyze the Eastern European regimes,

Essay about Populism and Progressivism in America
Populism and Progressivism in America
I. The Populist Party A. Background: What changes were taking place in agriculture in the U.S. between 1870 and 1900? 1. Mechanization– machine
were replacing people and animals of doing agricultural. Tractors being developed produced right after civil war.
Problems: need money to own tractors, banks load money to farmer, interest. Upkeep and maintain it to keep tractors running. Money to paid mechanic
Added to the financial risk of farming, already gambling on soil and weather and crops.
2. Opening of new agricultural lands (West)– more and more land offered to people, land needed to be develop. Farmer could maintain more land than
before because of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many African American work for someone else and found them in debt. Poor white farmer were in debt with other farmers.
Congress passed a law to stop silver, silver were becoming too expensive, gold is the standard to determine currency. Money supply shrink and
money were less valuable. Even harder for American farmer to pay back debt. Farmer began to becomes more connection (nation movement),
merged with each other; start to become more political. Encourage member to vote for candidate who show their interests. Farmer alliance becomes
the people party in 1892. (Populist Party) Demand they made includes: 1. A permanent union of all working classes; wanted farmer and working to
share the same bond. 2. Wealth for the worker; wanted the working to have a say in what they want. 3. Government ownership of railroads; didn't
want to be screw over by rr. 4. Government ownership of all communications systems 5. More flexible and fair distribution of the national currency 6.
No more ownership of land by those who do not actually use it. Wanted silver back in tangent.
D. The short lived Populist Party
Bryans– young man, great speaker, and demanded free coinage of silver.
Populist ideas were stolen by democrat.
II. Progressivism (1890–1920) A. Characteristics of Progressives– middle class white Americans (Protestant) because they felt cut off of Americans
society. Didn't become minister but became minister

Who Is Donald Trump Happened To The West?
In conclusion, Donald Trump is both charismatic and holds himself in high esteem, he is eager to explain how exceptionally well he did in the
election and does this in great length in his speeches. He even has a framed map of the 2016 election results displayed in the White House (Lozada,
2017). In his recent speech in Poland, Trump made reference to the 'West' ten times. Beinart (2017) argues that in this context the West is not a
geographical term, but a racial and religious one. Trump is unlike his predecessors, who acknowledged that democracy and capitalism were not
Western, but the universal aspiration of humankind. Previous leaders of the US discussed globalisation as a process where America improved the
world. However, Trump describes globalisation as a process by which the world cheats, weakens and threatens America. His words, 'The fundamental
question of our time is whether the West has the will to survive' (Trump, 2017), only makes sense if non–white, non–Christians are seen as invaders.
Thus, this implies that anyone in America who is non–white and non–Christian is a threat. Trump, by describing that being Western is the essence to
the US's identity, is defining the US to be in opposition to many of its own people. Moral panics within the media have depicted Muslims and
Mexicans to be a threat; since Trump does not trust the established media it must be assumed that he has been getting his information from other media
sources. He could be spreading a moral panic

Evolution of Populism and La Moral from Modernization...
Evolution of Populism and La Moral from Modernization
Populism refers to the political philosophy that pits the downtrodden masses against the apathetic ruling elite. La Moral refers to the conformity to the
code of conduct set by employers. Modernization is the transformation from a traditional, rural society that primarily relies on agriculture to an urban,
industrialized society. The emergence and flourishing of modern society has been inextricably linked with the development of industries, infrastructure
and cities. Sociologists and political analysts agree that "urbanization and industrialization were the main causes of populism in Latin America."
(Conniff and Roberts 6)
Populism flourished in Latin America for a few years of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The old traditional leaders did not have the charisma, charm and skill that were needed. They had only served as appointees and they came from urban
areas. They could therefore not identify with the struggles of the lower and middle class population. The leaders needed to show a more humane aspect
of the government: a government that was concerned about the welfare of its citizens rather than the government which was composed of self–serving
individuals who were only interested in profiting from them. Such leaders arose and stepped out to fill the political vacuum. Their style and political
policies, later named 'Populism', were diametrically different from those of the traditional rulers.
Populism gained traction as a response to the increasingly growing demography of working class and urban lower middle class who were susceptible
to political mobilization. La Moral in Columbia came into effect because the political stalwarts at the time were averse to democratic governance and
thus resisted the democratization process. The populism frenzy peaked in the late 1950's. The leaders at the time campaigned for office in line with
populist fashion. These politicians were flamboyant in their election campaigns. They would sway the masses and newly minted voters into accepting
their political ideologies and manifestos.
The middle class and the poor looked to these

Globalization Is A Symbol Of The 21st Century
Although globalization is saw as a symbol of the 21st century, the process of globalization is interrupt and challenge in 2016. The whole world is
facing many dramatic changes in 2016. In fact, some of these changes may be the historic changes that have an important effect on the future. The
United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, which is also known as Brexit, the victory of Donald Trump in the United States presidential
election, the new Philippines' populist president Rodrigo Duterte, who ordered the police to execute every suspect drug dealer, the rise of European
populist parties, all these events are going to have great impacts on the international situation. These events can be saw as the direct results of people's
demand is changing now and people choose to use their votes to express their needs. There is a common feature which can connect these events, which
is populism. Nowadays, populism gets more attention and popularity, populism is being spread around the world and it started to affect the world's
politic and economic. With no doubt, populism is having a rapid rise in European and it starts to have a more substantial influence on the world.
What does the word "populism" actually mean? The meanings of populism are various. There is no any single word or sentence can describe it. It
has been defined based on political, economic, social, and discursive features (Weyland 2001,1). The widespread of this word is started at two places,
the United States

Populism And Propaganda
It was not until the waning months of the War that Americans first began to learn about the Holocaust. As Allied soldiers advanced through Germany,
they discovered camps filled with starving "undesirables," primarily Jews, as well as the instruments of death on an industrial scale. This horrifying
discovery gave Americans a kind of moral justification for the war that they sacrificed their labor, loved ones, and lives in. To a people already
shocked numb from the continued and unabating death and destruction of the previous six years, this uncovering of evil on such a massive scale
cemented in the hearts of the world a desire to prevent such a global injustice from happening again. It is worth remembering the circumstances
surrounding the rise of extremist hatred and nationalism that inspired the War and made possible the Holocaust. Eighty–five years ago, the... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
We must all promote a culture of compassion and reason, through education, appropriate political discourse, and a structuring of our media that
prevents the effective dissemination of propaganda. The rise of populism around the world makes the aggressive promotion of these values even
more urgent. Populism is not inherently bad nor good, but it is a very powerful political force, and not likely to relent without significant changes to
the political order as we know it. As Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump demonstrated in America and the Syriza and Golden Dawn parties
demonstrated in Greece, populism can take very different forms. We must not let popular unrest become a vehicle for hate and for the degradation of
democratic values, as it was in the years leading up to the War. Now more than ever, our commitment tohuman rights must not be forgotten: too much
is at stake to risk repeating

Populism In The Wizard Of Oz
The idea of populism stems from a desire for the underprivileged to become equal to the upper class of society. The term first appeared in the 1890s
to describe the new Populist Party but has since been applied repeatedly throughout history in relation to different political trends. It has also been
employed as a theme and symbol in many works of literature. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, written by L. Frank Baum, has been examined by
countless critics who have attempted to prove that the novel follows certain storylines such as myths or fairy tales. Others believe the symbols can be
better interpreted to have other meanings, such as being linked to the Populist Party in the late 19th century, along with the issues of that time period.
This is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Tin Woodman, for example, symbolizes a dehumanized Eastern factory worker, who becomes more like a machine the more he works. As the
Tin Woodman works harder, he chops his limbs off and replaces them with tin even quicker. Given that the Wicked Witch of the East was the one
who put the spell on him, this demonstrates the Populist view of the "Evil Eastern influences on honest labor" (Littlefield 347). Eastern politicians
and people in power did everything they could to ensure laborers worked as long and hard as possible, which sped up how quickly they essentially
became machines. Furthermore, the Tin Woodman parallels the working conditions of many unemployed workers after the depression of 1893 by
being rusted and unable to work for a year before Dorothy finds him (347). Hard working conditions like these led many factory workers to support
the Populist Party, because it had ideas that benefitted ordinary people like

Essay On Populism
There are, of course, other definitions of populism that are worth at least exploring. One particularly popular book has been What is Populism by
Princeton professor Jan–Werner MГјller. His definition asserts that Populism is a "moralistic imagination of politics" that is anti–pluralist and claims
exclusive representation of the people. (MГјller 2016, Pg. 20) Ironically, he uses Wallace's 'Segregation forever' comment to support this claim. We
actually argue that this moment was the attaching of populism to nativist ideology in order to build a winning coalition (as is attested by Wallace
himself), not an actual expression of populism itself (Rowan 1991). We reject his definition on several grounds. The first is the premise that populists
must necessarily be anti–pluralist. There is no ground in which this must be the case. In fact, populist voting populations must be pluralistic in and of
themselves, because as he makes clear, there is no such thing as a homogenous people in existence. The only sense in which they are not plural is...
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3). Under this conceptualization the oft used term "silent majority" makes little sense in the reality of populism, if populist believe that they speak
with the authority of everyone. This seems to be a convenient theoretical position, not an actual description of populism in the real world. This
ironically, leads to him excluding the original American Populist party of the 1890's from his own definition of Populism. Additionally, right wing
populism surely differentiates between the elites themselves and those they view as below them. (See diadic [left wing] vs. triadic [right wing]
populism.) Populism is about a claim to the volonte generale (general will), not the absolute will of the people. (Mudde and Kaltwasser 2017, pg.

Political Groups in the Late 19th and Early 20th...
Americans were not aware of the division among populists and progressivists during the late 19th and early 20th centuries yet they were aware of the
division between Democrats and Republicans. Populism referred to a particular political style, which expressed alienation and aggression and tend to
hate Wall Street and bank interests. Progressivism was a movement of the college–educated urban middle class, which valued expertise and efficiency
and favored government regulation and foreign affairs. The populists began during the late 1800s.The progressive began during the 1900s. There are
many differences between these two movements, but yet these movements have many things that are similar. Farmers united to protect their interests,
even... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The progressives believed that if given a chance the majority of voters would elect honest respectable officials unlike those elected by the corrupt
political machine but to do this they needed people to vote. So they compiled numerous methods for increasing the participation of the average citizen
in political decisions. The secret ballot box, by using the method adopted by the Australians the voter would not be manipulated by the political party
that would affect a voters decision by standing next to a ballot box and intimidating him or her. The progressive governor of Wisconsin Robert La
Follete introduced the method of direct primaries in which the majority vote would elect the party candidates for the state and federal offices. This
method was used to try to minimize the power of political bosses to try to keep the corrupt officials from gaining office once again. The direct
election of state senators was also a plus for the progressives for many years the senators had been selected by the vote of the state legislature. The
corrupt state legislature would then of course vote for the corrupt official for senate. After a while the senate begun to look like a club for the rich
man. In 1913 the seventeenth amendment required all that all U.S senators be elected by the popular vote. By calling for Initiative, referendum, and
recall the Progressives allowed by initiative to take part in the process of having a

The History Of Modern Latin America
The history of modern Latin America begins after the Second World War when the economic changes wrought by the war, namely the shift towards
manufacturing and urbanization, produced political and diplomatic changes across the Americas. The end of the war led to increased imports from the
West, reducing the competitiveness of Latin American industry. Additionally, falling crop prices led to increasing urbanization. The result of these
economic and demographic shifts was the rise of a populist movement throughout Latin America. Populism in Latin America was characterized by a
combination of nationalism, often coded with the language of anti–imperialism and anti–Americanism, and class politics. However, populism did not
appeal solely to workers; rather, populist leaders attempted to create broad coalitions of people who believed that Latin American countries needed
economic and political reform. The populists were generally opposed by the rural elite, which had held power throughout Latin America since the age
of colonialism. Additionally, many Latin American leaders began to embrace dependencia theory; i.e. they believed that Latin America would remain
poor and under the control of Western business interests as long as Latin America remained dependant on Western, specifically American, capital and
imports. These leaders advocated Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI), a form of industrialization in which a country would become
self–sustaining by replacing

What Does Europe Want?
Late in his life, Freud asked the famous question "Was will das Weib?", "What does a woman want?", admitting his perplexity when faced with the
enigma of the feminine sexuality. A similar perplexity arouses today, apropos the Brexit referendum: what does Europe want?
The true stakes of this referendum become clear if we locate it into its larger historical context. In Western and Eastern Europe, there are signs of a
long–term re–arrangement of the political space. Till recently, the political space was dominated by two main parties which addressed the entire
electoral body, a Right–of–centre party (Christian–Democrat, liberal–conservative, people's...) and a Left–of–centre party (socialist,
social–democratic...), with smaller parties ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So what does Europe want? Basically, Europe is caught into a vicious cycle, oscillating between the Bruxelles technocracy unable to drag it out of
inertia, and the popular rage against this inertia, a rage appropriated by new more radical Leftist movements but primarily by Rightist populism. The
Brexit referendum moved along the lines of this new opposition, which is why there was something terribly wrong with it. To see this, one should only
look at the strange bedfellows that found themselves together in the Brexit camp: right–wing "patriots," populist nationalists fuelled by the fear of
immigrants, mixed with desperate working class rage... is such a mixture of patriotic racism with the rage of "ordinary people" not the ideal ground
for a new form of Fascism?
The intensity of the emotional investment into the referendum should not deceive us, the choice offered obfuscated the true questions: how to fight
"agreements" like TTIP which present a real threat to popular sovereignty, how to confront ecological catastrophes and economic imbalances which
breed new poverty and migrations, etc. The choice of Brexit means a serious setback for these true struggles – suffice it to bear in mind what an
important argument for Brexit was the "refugee threat." The Brexit referendum is the ultimate proof that ideology (in the good

Movements Throughout History Led by Farmers and the...
The populist movement occurred in the late 19th century, formed from the Grangers movement where its goal was ta movement for people, to change
the economic system where it would benefit farmers. The grange movement rapidly declined in the 1870s and was replaced by the farmer alliances.
The farmer alliances were more political rather then social. The farmer's alliance later formed the populist. The populist movement is considered to be
an agrarian revolt by farmers and those concerned with agriculture, because in the gilded age many people were moving to rural areas where banks and
industrial systems were superior over agriculture. The high tariffs, decentralization of currency, and decreasing crop prices were hurting the farmers....
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Rather then just farmers and people who and were concerned with agriculture, the progressive movement was much more broad and covered the rights
for people that weren't getting it in the 20th century because of the rapid growth of banking and industries. Although both movements was based on not
being satisfied with the government, the populist were part of the Democratic Party while the progressive was a separated part of the Republican
Party and were made up of either party and mostly of the urban middle–class. The progressive movement had all the same initial goals as the populist
and was also a rejection of Social Darwinism. It focused on having economic fairness such as having equal rights for groups such as woman, African
Americans or child labor. The populist ideals lead to the expanded progressive movement, which becomes more successful and more popular. They
aspired for an advanced income tax in which the 16th amendment was made. Next, the 17th allowed direct election of the senators from their states.
The 18th amendment was passed which prohibited alcohol. The 19th amendment then later allowed didn't allow discrimination based on sex when
voting, which gave woman a chance to finally vote. Amendments 16–19 are known as the progressive amendments. The government also accepted
other populist goals such as regulation of banks and industries, reforms in the civil services, a short 8–hour day for labor class. All these goals

Compare And Contrast The Populist Movement And Progressive...
Essay One Following the post–Civil war, a new party arose that brought about the most significant reformist political movement. The Populist Party,
which was also known as the People's Party was established in 1891 and only existed for a short period of time. The Populist movement was very
successful and brought about many remarkable changes in the United States. Another party that was notably seen several years later following the
decline of the Populist Party, was the Progressive Party. It greatly differed the Populist Party, but stirred a mass movement in America's society. Both
parties are substantially known for legendary ideals, even though they support two completely different platforms. The Populist Party began as a result
of farmer

The Revolutionary Movement
They Did Not Expect Him is Repin's most notable painting on the theme of political prisoners, and is the only significant piece of this time that brings
the effects of the revolutionary movement into the domestic sphere. Stripped away is the exile's grandeur of idealistic Populism featured in other
paintings on the theme, and in its place are the realistic effects of his absence and incarceration. In the initial sketches the main character oscillated
between a man or woman, and while the title becomes gendered when translated into English: the original Russian title, РќРµ Р–РґР°Р»Рё, carries no
gender expectations. The countenance of the exiles in the initial sketches were calm intelligent expressions, with the woman's face resembling
Yaroshenko's 1883 piece; Kursistka. Similarly to Refusal, the expression of the revolutionary goes through distinct changes. In adherence to his
previously mentioned works on the theme, the original exhibited in 1884 presented an ambiguity that allowed liberal critics to paint the exile as a,
'chipped but not yet crushed force', while conservative newspapers celebrated Repin's depiction of his, 'beloved exile' with such a 'semi–idiotic face'.
After undergoing two more workings the final expression of the revolutionary is one of estrangement, uncertainty about the reaction of his family and
guilt over his absence. While the exile was presumably dwelling on this reunion during the long journey home; by presenting the exact moment of his
reappearance,

Populist Movement Research Paper
The Populist Movement, also known as the Forming the People's Party, are all about the "We" in America. They are a group of people who formed
because of the agriculture economy and didn't put too much emphasis on race. They wanted more room for their crop (land wise), better pay, and even
supported fair work–days for industrial workers. The Populist Movement was big in its time and made a lot of changes. What really made Populism
grow was the depression that hit in 1893. William Jennings Bryan knew this and exploit what they wanted to get ahead in the presidential race.
I agree with Liberty and Power Vol. 2 statement that Bryan stood for "neo–Populism" at best. He attracted attention because he was loud, charismatic,
and resilient in his speeches.

Getulio Vargas Charismatic Leadership
The geographical proximity and history of political ties between Brazil and Argentina lend a hand to the fruition of ideologically parallel presidential
regimes during the 1940s and 1950s. Brazil's economy found itself in trouble after coffee and agricultural exports, on which much of the economy
depended, sharply declined during the Great Depression. Getulio Vargas, who was the acting president from 1930 to 1945 and for a second term in
1951 until his death, helped to reform and support the Brazilian people under a populist regime. In 1954, Vargas committed suicide after a lackluster
three years back in office, leaving a note that spoke to his constituency's deep–seeded admiration for Vargas' charismatic leadership. In Argentina, a fear
of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After three years in office for the second time, Vargas committed suicide and left a passionate note beside his body. The letter documented his
reasoning for "yielding [himself] in order to defend the people who, if [he fails], are abandoned", clearly speaking to underrepresented
demographics in the Brazilian constituency (Vargas). Tones of martyrdom resonate throughout the document, including a declaration of reason for
his suicide in response to the notion that he "was a slave to the people, and today [will] free [himself] for eternal life" (Vargas). The response to
Vargas' death "produced an awesome outpouring of public grief" that demonstrated his letter's ability to inspire cohesion and cooperation amongst
the Brazilian people (Chasteen, 260). He speaks of social freedom and wanting "the worker to be free" regardless of his feeling that political
opposition had "vilified [him] and did not allow [him] the right to defend [himself]" (Vargas). By dedicating his death to the people he fought for
during his political career, Vargas upheld his position in history as a charismatic, paternal, populist

Advantages Of Populism
Populism comes from the Latin Word for 'people', populus and it means caring about the concerns and supporting the rights of people. The word's
meaning and usage have changed over the years. It has become an effective strategy for politicians to introduce themselves to the public and sometimes
a way of deceiving them. It should be kept in mind that populism doesn't represent a certain ideology. Populism can seem as a beneficial strategy on
short–term but it damages society's values and it can cause a clutter on the long term. Populist leaders can also become over authoritative. A great
historical example for authoritarian populism is Julius Cesare. He used people against the Senate, broke the rules and he sought more and more power
then he slowly became a cruel dictator. He was assassinated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Populist politicians not only deceive people with their persuasive talks but they also make big promises. They denigrate or aggrandize a certain
group of the society that represents an ideology, religion, race or sectarian which is mostly the one that is few in number in order to gain more
sympathy and votes from the majority. With this in mind, populism is wrong because it divides the society and turns into a 'us' versus 'them' situation
when a society should always be united. It makes the minority or the group feel like they are being isolated, left out of the society and every country's
citizen should feel they belong to somewhere but populism damages this. They say they are on people's side but they forget that a country is a whole
and excluding a group from it is a huge mistake. The good thing about populism is politicians mention more about current affairs, for instance, refugee
crisis, immigrants, the rise in taxes and the national incomes. Populist politicians persuade people that they can solve these problems. However, their
solutions are unrealistic and they claim without any

Comparing the Approaches of the Progressive and Populist...
Populism vs. Progressivism Essay During the late 19th century and early 20th century the progressive movement and populist movement were groups
and organizations getting together to resolve social, economic, and political problems occurring in the United States. Both movements had different
approaches to what was more important and how to deal with problems. Progressivism was mainly for the betterment of cities while populism is for
agrarian section of farmers. First of all there were social failures and successes between the populist and the progressive. During the progressive era,
many lawmakers from state and general level made laws to protect citizens at home and those who are at work. Reforms were made saying that women
and children ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was a social change in which women also fought for suffrage. The populists were pretty much the victims of economic distress and their
arguments were founded on the basis of progressive movements. One of the populist failure was that they lost the national election when the farmers
united to insist on economic reform. The Progressives made great efforts to solve the political problems that industrialization and urbanization were
causing. They tried to wipe out political corruption by limiting power to big companies/ bosses and reduce the control of political machines. Many of
the progressive reforms also supported the railroad legislation, conservation movement, and food and drug laws. This also included efforts to protect
society by initiating prohibition and they also extended suffrage to women. The progressives succeeded at keeping the power of the railroad industry in
the hands of the governments but failed at protecting the states right to control businesses. Finally in 1890 the first federal law was passed against
monopolies known as the Sherman Anti–Trust Act. The populists created a Farmers' Alliance that began in Texas and it organized low cost insurance
for farmers and put banks in their place with regulations. The Farmer's Alliance also gave the government the ownership of the transportation system to
regulate their costs and monopolies. When the Grangers lobbied for regulation of the

Populism Movement
During the latter half of the nineteenth century, Minnesota was rampant with political discontent (MNopedia). National movements called for shorter
work days, restrictions on child labor, as well and safer working conditions. This movement, known as populism, came from citizens want for change.
This movement would shape politics for the rest of the century. This movement would take many forms in a number of political groups, most notably,
the Grange, the Anti–Monopoly Party, and the Alliance.Populism in Minnesota can find its start in it's rural farming communities. Farmers felt
powerless to large railroad monopolies, whose wages would vary wildly as railroad managers could charge whatever they wanted (Risjord 147).
This common grievance, along with the writings of Oliver Kelley, helped the Grange to spread. The Grange's goals were to advance methods of
farming, as well as to promote the social and economic needs to farmers in the Midwest. The Grange movement never had major success, but in 1871
both candidates in the state election promised state control over railroad rates (Risjord 147). This victory came with it's own issues however, as
railroads who charged ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1881, the Minnesota Farmers' Alliance would form to maintain the same platform of the Grange. The Alliance would work to defend farmers
against large businesses, while also fighting for industry regulations. It's largest victory would come the same year it started with the creation of the
Minnesota Railroad and Warehouse Commission (MNopedia). Before this however, The Alliance would also join the fight with the urban labor
movement. With many common concerns of farmers and factory workers, the Alliance would partner with the Knights of Labor to lobby for broader
regulation of industry (MNopedia). This partnership would become official in 1980, and it would form the Alliance Labor Union

Progressivism Vs Populism Essay
Progressivism was a partial extension of the Populist movement, and many Populist ideals framed the headwork for the Progressive Age.Many other
influences that drove the populist movement effected policies of progressive age. During the Gilded Age, a new political party emerged named the
Populist party, fighting for the silver standard and many indebted farmers. In the Populist Platform of 1892 they presented many ideas that would
carried off into the new century that will be utilized to form the Progressive age. The Progressive movement started with the middle class' status
anxieties, because as the started to feel the squeeze of the trust and corruption the middle class began to speak out. Progressivism and Populism can be
looked as similar ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1886 the Knights of Labor wrote in their Declaration of Principles of the Great and Growing Order of the Workingmen about the adoption of
new rules and regulation in the work environment and even a shorten work day. These reforms were desired by many American in the 19th
century where many of them were industrial laborers. These ideas would be carried along to the Populist Platform of 1896 adopting the shorter
worker day and a graduated income tax. This ideas with be carried into 20th century with the 16th Amendment that would levy the graduated
income tax which was at first a Knights of Labor idea. Along with the shorten workday that will eventually come from the Lochner v. New York
supreme court case that would give every factory worker a 10 hour workday in 1917.Yet the adoption of workplace regulations would come after a
tragedy despite the strikes of Ladies Tailors nearly a year before. In 1911 when many women tailors who worked in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company
died in a tragic preventable fire many building and factory regulations were put into place. Populist ideas which were derived from movements such as
the Knights of Labor Movement which would later impact the Progressive

Pros And Negatives Of Populism
How can Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump, who have completely different ideologies and agendas, both be considered populists? Well, firstly we
must understand what it is to be an actor of populism. The purpose of this paper will be to define populism and explore its positives and negatives.
Pure people versus corrupt elite, is the way Cas Mudde, defines populism (M.S., 2016). There are a lot of populists and they all have different
intentions and desires for their people, therefore it could be positive or negative. A Polish religious nationalist populist fights so the elite secular liberals
give institutions back to the Catholics. A Dutch secular–nationalist populist condones the multicultural elite and argues there should be a crackdown on
the Islamic religion. (M.S., 2016). As we can clearly see they are great differences between the beliefs of one populist and another. Some may argue
that populism is the future of government and political dominance, although many will argue that there are dangers when it comes to populism. I will
discuss two disadvantages and one advantage of populism. Populists have been heavily criticized for neglecting and disobeying basic human rights.
Populists claim that there are speaking for the majority of the population and instead of promoting rights for everyone, they strive to only please the
needs and wants of the majority (Roth, 2017). The disadvantages of this lie in the fact that the minority is being completely ignored and the concept

Populism In Alberta
Already in the spotlight after the scandals that marred the previous Redford leadership, the Progressive Conservative Party under Jim Prentice had to
prove their capabilities to the Albertans who voted for them in 2012. Just after his election as Premier of Alberta, Prentice made an arcane deal with
then–leader of the Official Opposition, Danielle Smith. This resulted in the floor–crossing of 9 Wildrose Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)
to the Progressive Conservative Party. While this seemed like a favorable move for Prentice, it resulted in the alienation of many of the Albertans who
strategically voted for the Progressive Conservatives in 2012 in an effort to hinder a Wildrose majority in the legislature. Furthermore, the move proved
factious with fiscally–conservative voters who chose to vote Wildrose instead of Progressive Conservative in the 2015 election. In fact, it was found
that nearly 25% of individuals who voted PC in 2012, voted for the New... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, populism plays an imperative role in Alberta's political culture. In fact, Stewart and Archer (2000) maintain that "Alberta politics is
leadership politics... encouraging direct, populist links between the leader and the public (pg 172–173). Hence, Prentice's decision to receive Wildrose
floor–crossers, as well as make hazardous public statements may have annulled the possibility of a populist link between Albertans and his leadership.
Furthermore, it is important to note that while positive perceptions of Prentice were faltering amongst Albertan voters, the Progressive Conservative's
campaign strategy was to portray the party leader as front and centre. This was despite the growing disaffection of Albertan voters towards Prentice.
Therefore, the strategy undertaken by the Progressive Conservatives' jeopardized their party's support, and contributed to the election's drastic

Populism
The trend towards populism is a critical developing trade/policy/transportation issue for global transportation and supply. Populism increases the
importance of domestic considerations as opposed to a more global approach. In the recent U.S. presidential election, populism became a significant
factor in the minds of the electorate and resulted in the election of a candidate that reflects the views consistent with this mind set. This sentiment
appears to be growing in importance in other democratic nations as well, signaling a major shift away from an era of general international cooperation.
The populist trend will have a dramatic impact on trade and policy decisions for the United States. Obviously, as the U.S. modifies its position relative
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This could disrupt projected trade volume, which would have a dramatic effect on transportation. "In 2015, nearly half (47%) of U.S. goods exports
went to the 20 free trade agreement countries. U.S. merchandise exports to the partner countries totaled $710 billion, according to the International
Trade Administration's website." (Forbes, Dec 7, 2016)
Populism and the new administration could modify the United States' position on a number of other critical issues related to international trade. One
such issue is that of the environment, a topic that demands extensive international cooperation. With the emerging trend toward populism and election
of populist leaders such as President–elect Trump, the needs of the individual nation are increasing in importance relative to that of all countries
working together to address critical issues such as carbon emissions.
The President–elect has taken the position that the cost of complying with international environmental agreements places the United States at a
disadvantage. This is enhanced, clearly, when other countries agree to the concepts of pact, but fail to comply. If these agreements fall apart, as may
be the case, then international trade will again be effected. The move of companies out of the U.S. has been partly fed by their desire to avoid domestic
environmental

The Importance Of Media Literacy
In the age of memes, smartphones, and social networks, youths are criticized for being apathetic towards politics. However, that is only from one
perspective. In another, youths are praised for creatively engaging in the ideas that they are most passionate about. The difference in perspectives of
youths participating in politics is representative of a far larger picture, one that paints media literacy as one of the most important skills for the
landscape of understanding what is actually occurring throughout the world. Much like understanding different perspectives on youths participating
in politics, media literacy is a tool that many can use to establish, first, what is accurate and what is false information, and second, their own
perspective on the given information. There are four core media literacy competencies as described by Mihailidis and Thevenin in "Media Literacy
as a Core Competency for Engaged Citizenship in Participatory Democracy": participatory, collaborative, expressive, and critical competency. These
compentencies are as its names suggest; participatory competency is being able participate, collaborative competency is being able to collaborate, and
so on. Of the four core competencies, it seems that critical competency is most overlooked. In a generation of passionate voices, the better option
seems to be being heard and being louder when voicing an opinion than assessing the information that has already been made available. This is where
journalism

Populist Dreams And Negro Rights : East Texas As A Case Study
In "Populist Dreams and Negro Rights: East Texas as a Case Study," Lawrence Goodwyn keys in on the triumphs of the People 's Party in Grimes
County, Texas. I discovered Populism in Grimes County is the narrative of an interracial alliance that had its beginning in Reconstruction and
persevered for more than an era. I resolved why the long post–Reconstruction period emerges as the social request that has been composed
progressively along racial lines; the time period encroached as a brief gleaming light in parts of the South. I learned how some white Southerners have
generally been a spread for the district 's skepticism and other issues. Goodwyn establishes a viewpoint about the possible results for a greater number
of individuals voting in a free society. I understand that the variables of pressure and coercion caused an end to influence at the polling stations; there
was corruption occurring with vote counts. The Grimes County story significantly describes this disappointment; however in the understanding, it
gives into the hidden legislative issues of black disfranchisement and the accomplishment of a solid single–party political environment in the American
South it is not one of a kind. Throughout the time of Reconstruction, blacks in the district had accomplished a stable Republican association, headed by
various clever black pioneers. At the point when Reconstruction finished and white Democrats recovered control of the state administrative apparatus in
Grimes County

Unjust And Uninhibited Control In The Daily Prophet
Unjust and uninhibited control is an innate trait of bureaucratism, as a byproduct of an institution's quest for efficiency. In perpetuation of their lack of
limits, bureaucrats create survival networks across spheres, and thus are more difficult to bring down. In regards to the Potter series, the Ministry
creates a network with The Daily Prophet. Bureaucracy knows no limits, and may take unjust actions. The Daily Prophet publishing deceiving articles
is unethical by general contemporary standards; however, by bureaucratic definition the institution is self–justifying, and defines themselves as the
most rational organization. The Ministry believes that they have proper justification in using the newspaper to their advantage, and the newspaper
plays along. In doing so, they expand past the boundaries between public and private affairs by exploiting Harry. The Daily Prophet is the Ministry's
pawn in their obsession with order, which in itself is disordering according to bureaucratic politics. The Daily Prophet's corrupt articles only create
more disorder even though they have the goal of preventing panic. Any time that there is a group of elites and a public, there are sure to be elements
populist politics found. This is especially true when the group of elites exercise their power to deceive the mass. In this situation the villain in populist
terms is The Daily Prophet, along with the Ministry of Magic, for abusing their power to take advantage of their superior position to

Populism Debate
It came as no surprise that Trump won the south easily. In the deep south, one would assume that Trumps demagogic styled populism would give
Trump more support than Romney received four years prior; and in Mississippi and Alabama this may be true, Trump saw only a small increase or
decrease in vote share in Louisiana, South Carolina, and Georgia. In the South, Mississippi and Alabama had the highest increase in vote share for
Trump. Interestingly, Louisiana, a state very similar to both only saw less than half a percent increase. An explanation for this could be that, compared
with AL and MS, Louisiana's population is more urban. Furthermore, the suburban Republicans seem to be less motivated by Trumps candidacy. You
can even see this effect... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Mississippi and Alabama however, Trumps populism strongly appealed to each states' respective more rural population. Echoing a populist
message tinged with winks and nods on racism, Trump seemed like an easier fit for the state of George Wallace, and Ross Barnett. South Carolina
is unique from Louisiana, in the way that SC has more of a "business Republican" presence. And while race still effects politics in South Carolina,
racial politics aren't as harsh as LA, MS, or AL. Although SC has the longest root to the Confederacy, the state managed to elect an Indian governor,
and an African American Senator. This, if anything, shows a there's a stark contrast between SC, MS, and AL. In Georgia, the urban metropolis,
Atlanta, is the anchor for Georgia politics; and the main reason why Georgia seems to be breaking away from the staunchly republican mold of the
region. In the deep south states, Georgia had the highest decrease of Republican vote share. As Atlanta builds a strong African American middle class,
and embraces it's growing progressive populace, Georgia continues to get bluer. Like the turn Virginia or North Carolina, GA is seeing a similar path
toward becoming a swing

Compare And Contrast The New Deal And Populism
The late 19th century and early 20th century was a time of great change and reform for America. People felt disadvantaged and unequal, causing
reform groups to form and government policies to be instated. These are known as Populism, Progressivism, and the New Deal. Although they are
similar in some ways, they are also different. Populism, or the People's Party, was formed for many economic reasons. Most of the agrarian society felt
as if they were not equal to bigger industries (Brinkley 449–451). Railroad services charged small farmers more for shipping rates and bigger industries
less. The farmers claimed that railroad services fixed their rates because they would cut deals with the bigger businesses. Populists also wanted a
reform of currency (455). They wanted to do so in a way that would raise crops and farm products, so they could get more money and would be able
to alleviate their debt. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People thought that they were destined and supposed to make advances and progress with society (477). Progressivists were mainly middle class
Americans, experts, and women. They pushed for honest and responsive government, an efficient economy and government, and protection to the
vulnerable. Progressivists are known to have instated a new boldness and confidence for the American people and wanted to be the best they could
be. They were also concerned with poor people. They wanted to ease poor living conditions and protect them and help them. Women played a huge
role in progressive reform. The Progressive Era was the time of one of the largest movements in American history, women's suffrage (483). During this
time, women pushed for equal rights as men, especially the right to vote. Women slowly started to gain ground in the movement and finally gained the
right to vote in 1920 when the 19th amendment was

Essay on William Allen White and the FarmerвЂ™s Populist...
William Allen White and the Farmer's Populist Movement
During the late 19th century in Kansas there was a movement among the general population called the Farmer's Populist Movement. Today, Kansas is
still by far a Republican state, but during this time the Populist Party engaged the Republican stronghold in a battle to win over the state, however, in
the end the Republicans pulled through. William Allen White, at this time, had become a well known man in the journalism world and his political
allegiance did not go unnoticed among either those within the political arena or those observing. William Allen White, aside from his personal political
leanings towards the Republican side, was against the Populist movement that was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Populism explains the rise of Populism in 1890 across Kansas as a response to the frustrations of adapting crop selections and pest management routines
to the sub–humid environment. Farmers raised hell in the fall of 1890, in part, because they had not yet formed the farm management skills that
could have prevented such a collapse of operating income. If Populist voters were choked by monopoly power, the party should have done
significantly worse in those townships served by several competing railroad lines; but if Populist voters were motivated by a dispirited hunt for
capital gains on land through nearness to railway improvements, Populist candidates should have prospered as they moved farthest away from a rail
station. Therefore, if Populist voters were motivated simply by bitterness over the fact that their township did not have a rail station then Populist
candidates should have done better in a township with no railway station at all. What was most important was 1) whether a township had a railroad
station and 2) how far the average farmer had to travel to reach a railhead. The farmer's response to crop failures, insect damage, and the realization
that a township might never get a railway station varied. Populism has become a movement precisely because of how the farm families of the central
West adapted to the sub–humid agricultural conditions in hand with how a band of colorful political

Pros And Cons Of Populism
In 2004, Cas Mudde of University of Georgia referred to populism as a
"... thin ideology that merely sets up a framework of pure people versus a corrupt elite."
Populists aim to unite the people against perceived "corrupt dominant elite". Generally, populists define themselves as people who are not afraid, to
tell the truth. They feel free to criticize everything, from Wall Street to Oval Office. There are mainly two types ofpopulism: exclusive and inclusive.
The former one aims to deport refugees in Europe, fueled by racism and security fears. The latter opens up to stigmatized groups, as Time puts it, the
poor.
The world order seems to change with populism on the rise in Europe and US. There is an ongoing disenchantment with mainstream parties and voters
tend to shift towards right–wing parties.
The Recent election of Donald Trump, who is far from being politically correct, may be the start of a new world order as this change takes place in the
most developed country in the world by any standards. Populists won elections and in UK Brexit triumphed unexpectedly. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Populists seem to be a big surge across the globe. The fall of demand for mainstream parties can be attributed to economic inequality, insecurity and
social deprivation. Particularly after the 2008 financial crisis and despite the years that passed little has changed in the lives of the people for the
better and the ill feeling towards financial industry and established order in general which has been supported traditionally by the mainstream parties ,
ie neither too left nor too right, seems to have taken root and this sentiment seems to be very successfully exploited by the populist groups which have
stayed in the margins for a long time. They seem to believe that their hour has

Populism Dbq
Populism was formed in the year 1892. Back then Americans had reasons why to be against the government. Populism is concerns or helping of
ordinary people. Even though the populist party was finished. The idea of populism still kept on going.I believe populism was a success, populism is
still used today.
Populism was a major thing in the 19th century. The populist was formed by farmers who believed that the government was treating them bad.
Populism is usually most common in Democracy nations. In this Presidential election Bernie and Trump were seen being using the idea of populism.
Both candidates both seemed to be anti–establishing platforms. Both candidates seemed to want to criticize free trade deals as the North American free
Trade Agreement

The Populism Movement
The election of 1892, the year former President Grover Cleveland was reelected after defeating President Benjamin Harrison. President Grover
Cleveland lost the electoral vote in 1888 against Harrison, but in 1892 Cleveland made a comeback. Even though President Cleveland and President
Harrison represented the two main parties, a third party had risen in popularity during this time. The People Party received popularity in this election,
making them the first third party to receive electoral votes since the 1860 Presidential Race. The populism movement started as way for farmers to
fight back against dropping crop prices, forced debt, and economic abuse received by capitalistic corporations. Populism in other words is the
movement made by farmer in order to receive economic, political, and social equality in the reconstructing country. Farmers during this time were in
debt due to the investments on machinery but did not produce enough wealth. Surely farmers had huge field but due to inflation of crop prices,
farmers were not treated in the same economic or social class as those in corporations. In the election in 1892 the Peoples Party presidential candidate
was James Weaver who managed to win several western states, such as Idaho's and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overproduction was an issue the populist tried to address, yet they failed. The Subtreasury Plan was proposed, which states crops would be stored
in government facilities and used as collateral for struggling farmers. This appealed many farmers but they failed in 1890. However when addressing
the gold standard, the Populist Party received support from many. They pushed for remonetizing silver in gold was very difficult to find. Populist
believed that corporation held on to gold in order to buy out the farmers land. Even though this issue was not truly resolved, I believe it was a success
because it made populism

Progressivism Vs Populism Research Paper
Progressivism and populism were two of the biggest and most popular reform movements in American society. Even though the ideologies are similar
in certain aspects, they are very different in terms of sources of support and objectives. Progressivism was mostly supported by the middle–class
citizens, while Populism was formed by Western farmers and involved the common people more. All in all, the two movements were very important
reform movements that shaped later American ideologies. Populism was started in the late 19th century by agrarian people of the South. Those with
farming background believed the government was favoring banks and industry, so they formed this reform movement It was mostly supported by the
poor sections of the rural South. On the other hand, Progressivism arose in the beginning of the 20th century. It was supported by the middle class,
who were angry with the corruption of the rich and the appeasement of the poor by the government. The two reform movements were created by two
different types of people, and also had different goals. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was also a down–up movement, which largely involves the masses in the idea and decision–making departments. Because of this, social groups or
organizations for the masses were formed, like the Grange and Farmers Alliance. Progressivism arose as a response to the vast changes brought by
modernization, such as the growth of large corporations and railroads, and fears of corruption in American politics.One of the main objectives of this
movement was to encourage efficiency. Even though they strived for modernization like the Progressivists, the way of achieving the goals was

What Is Right Wing Populism?
Right–wing Populism is a broad term given to political parties that fall in the pre–determined range that would lead to it being called right–wing.
However, these ranges themselves are also very broad so I have decide for this paper to define right–wing populism as the rejection of the current status
quo to appeal to the common man by promoting their own culture and state through the rejection of others and providing a different route to economic
growth other than Keynesianism economic model. This same Right–wing populism has been spreading throughout Europe surprisingly and suddenly
with such parties as Alternative for Germany (AfD) and the National Front (FN) to name a few. However, what gave birth to these movements and
should it have been ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People began to blame the European Union for all the problems that had fell upon them. Citizens had become fed up with the bureaucracy that had
plagued the European Union and felt as if the leaders had become out of touch with what the people actually felt. Finally Right–Wing populism was
here and the parties who flew the banner for this populism were ready to offer an alterative against the elitism that had hijacked their countries. As the
populist leader taped into the people worries their support also began to increase however, "In parts of Europe, a new political landscape was
developing where the established mainstream parties continue to weaken and have to increasingly rely on grand coalitions to hold right–wing populist
parties at bay." (Greven, 2016) This just gave more ammunition to the populist leader to show how corrupt the establishment had become overpowering
any outsider movements. This was further expanded through expressing how countries were no longer in control of them selves but rather under the
control of Brussels, with their own prestige being down

Definition Of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism
Bureaucratic Authoritarianism– a concept by Guillermo O'Donnell. A form of authoritarian rule in Latin America that was prevalent during the 1970s
which many active duty officers and civilian bureaucrats rationalized dictatorships by claiming that electoral politics would leave the country
vulnerable to economic subversion. –long term intervention with the goal of transforming society –most intense of the military establishments
–military as institutions governs –Chile– 1973–1990 under Pinochet –Argentina– 1976– 1983 –repressed labour unions –attempt to administer the
economy –prohibition of elections and repressions of civil liberties –justified by saying they needed to restore economic stability and eliminate guerilla
insurgencies.
Caudillos– military strongmen that fought their way to power in the first century after independence –established long lived dictatorships –Juan
Manuel de Rosas – 1835–1852, Argentina –Juan Vicente GГіmez 1908–1935, Venezuela–In Argentina caudillos rule lasted from independence to 1835
Import Substitution Industrialization– a policy approach to industrialization that focuses on promoting the production of finished goods that had
previously been imported from outside the region via the use of tariffs on imports and subsidies for firms that produce goods domestically. –Latin
America should produce their own manufactured goods to substitute for imports
Ex. Peron bought the Railroad company from Great Britain which financed,

Populism In America
Populism was valuable in how it has impacted the United States rhetoric that is still evident in the modern day especially in the Presidential Election of
2016. For example, Bernie Sander's campaign of protection of the 99%, and Donald Trump's rhetoric of protecting the forgotten people who are
overlooked all take inspiration from the Populist platform. Populism has had both positive and negative influences in America, however, some aspects
of Populism is found internationally in Latin America and Europe as well. The positive aspect of Populism can be found in American policies that
safeguard protections over the citizenry. For instance, maximum hour laws and the Australian ballot system ensures the equal opportunity every citizen
in America... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this growing distrust and resentment the Populists often fell victim to gives rise to an ethnoreligious nationalism where this resentment fuels
into violence within the country. Figures such as Donald Trump appeal to the "plain people" because he exemplifies the resentment and contempt
aspect of Populism by dwelling on the threats posed by "outsiders". He establishes his rhetoric on the basis of a hierarchy existing in the country and
that certain groups who are true American should reap the rewards that have been denied to them. He claims to be the mouthpiece for the common man
who has been ignored by the government and deserve to be heard. Throughout the American rhetoric, Populism echoes the Lockean liberal thought of
liberal thought of the social contract, the emphasis on the Republic for the common person, and the patriotism stemming from Providentialism and
Ascriptive Americanism.
Overlooking such an influential style of thought would disregard the reforms Populism had inspired as a safeguard for the common man. Further,
Populism is a product of aspects of Liberalism, Republicanism, Providentialism and Ascriptive Americanism. These elements are still influential in
modern day America, which have had both positive and negative effects on American life Populism needs to be included as part of theUnited States
rhetoric because of its impact on

The National Grange Of The Patron Husbandry ( Or Simply...
The People's Party , more widely known as the Populist Party or simply Populists was a short–lived political party of the late nineteenth century. The
People's Party was one of the many movements of Farmers' Crusade of the 'people' of the time, and perhaps even one of the most important, as it
inspired later movements and bills. However, the People's Party would have never came to be without the support of movements and alliances prior
to the party. (History book). (What I printed 1) The National Grange of the Patron Husbandry (or simply the Grange) was formed in Washington, D.C.
1867, only two years after the Civil War. The Grange was the prequel of thePopulist Party, as it was the first stage of the farmers' crusade in the
nineteenth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Later, membership would decrease rapidly in as many farmers would want to focus more on farm cooperatives and put more effort into politics.
The Farmers' Alliance, founded by Charles W. Macune in 1875, had similar focus as the National Grange of the Patron Husbandry with the
exception of the political effort of the Alliance. Surges of farmers from the South and Midwest joined the Alliance movement in the year 1886, as
tenancy rates were the highest in those regions. Farmers were drawn to the Alliance because its goals aligned with their livelihoods. The Alliance
were advocates of government regulated transportation, (at the time railroads could charge what over they chose to charge from day to day, and for
farmers shipping crops trains were the only way of getting their goods to the North, and therefore the only way for farmers to make a living). The
Alliance also supported the termination of crop–lien system, which was a corrupted credit system that was used broadly by farmers after the end of
the Civil War, it consisted of sharecroppers and tenants, which were, as explained by the textbook, America: A Narrative History:
[Those] who had nothing to offer the land owner, but their labor, worked the owner's land in return for seed, fertilizer, and supplies, and a share of the
crop, generally about half. Tenants farmers, hardly had it better off, might have their own mule, plow, and line of credit with the country store.
[Tenants] were

Advertising Vs Populism
Commercials airing on the television or radio, the billboards on the side of the freeways trying to grab your attention to buy their product, even while
scrolling through various social media platforms, we go through our day to day lives with advertisements all around us. In Jack Solomon's essay,
Masters of Desire: The Culture of American Advertising, he states that the main purpose of all these advertisements is to show us our unhappiness
within the American dream. He goes on to describe the differences in these advertisements which are known as the populist ads and theelite ads.
Solomon's description of the contradiction between populism and elitism very much affects the way advertising and media is portrayed in American
society. This contradiction brings forth the purpose of these different advertisements, the audience in which it is intended for. For example, the "elite
advertisements" are presented to American society on beautiful glossy stock paper within magazines, or in luxury car commercials where the
extraordinary cars can be seen zooming along the coast or back roads enjoying the drive up to the cabin. With all these flashy advertisements one can
only assume that an "...extraordinary car deserves an extraordinary advertisement, and that both [the] car and [the] ad are aimed [towards an]
extraordinary consumer..." (Solomon 168). These elite advertisements start to scrutinize the audience's financial status. They do this to start
determining if the advertised

The Four Major Perspectives Of Populism

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