The document provides a detailed overview of the history of the founding and development of the United States from the earliest Native American civilizations through the establishment of the US Constitution. It covers the voyages of European explorers, the development of the 13 colonies with different economies and cultures, the growth of slavery, conflicts with Native Americans and between the colonies and Britain, the American Revolution, and the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation that led to the drafting of the US Constitution to create a stronger federal government.

1. The Founding of
the United States
of America

2. Routes of the First Americans

3. Major Indian Groups and Culture Areas
in the 1600s

6. Voyages of European Exploration

10. English Migration: 1610-1660

11. The Atlantic Slave Trade, 1619-1760

14. Goods Traded with Africa

15. • 1600s – about 1000 Africans per year
• 1700s - 5.5 million transported to the Americas
• By 1860 - 11 million
• Before 1831, more Africans than Europeans
came to the Americas

16. Reasons for European
Migration in 1600s

17. Four Colonial Subcultures
1. Chesapeake
2. New England
3. Middle Colonies
4. Southern Colonies

18. The Northern (New England) Colonies :
Geography:
Shorter Rocky Soil
Growing Lots of
Season harbors
Cultural Adaptations :
Cities
Small farms Fishing/
(family) Shipbuilding
Churches
Schools
Businesses
Town Mtgs

19. Cultural Adaptations
Fewer Cities,
Churches, &
Schools
Large Farms/ Cash Crops
Spread out on
land
Slavery
Longer Few harbors
summers
Fertile Soil
Geography:
The Southern Colonies :

22. Early Colonial
Tobacco
1618: VA produces 20,000 lbs. of
tobacco
1622: 60,000 lbs.
1627: 500,000 lbs.
1629: 1,500,000 lbs.

23. Tobacco
Prices:
1618-1710

24. Colonization
of Maryland

25. Colonizing
New
England

26. New
England
Spreads
Out

27. New England Colonies, 1650

28. Characteristics of New England
Settlements
Low mortality  life expectancy about
70
Large, extended families; avg. 6 children
per family.
Avg. age at marriage:
 Women – 22 years old
 Men – 27 years old.

29. Population
Comparisons:
New England v.
Chesapeake

30. Boston: “A City on a Hill”
• “beacon of righteousness” to the world
• 1630-1640—16,000 immigrated, usually as families
• Church attendance required, but membership not
automatic
• Government by elected representatives responsible
to God; all adult male church members could vote

31. Provincial Cities
• Only ~ 5% of pop!
• Five largest cities: Boston, Newport, New York,
Philadelphia, and Charles Town
• Economies = commerce, not manufacturing
• English culture, fashion, and architecture

32. Urban Population Growth
1650 - 1775

33. Population of the New England
Colonies

34. New
Netherlands
and
New
Sweden

35. Middle
Colonies, 1
685

36. New York
Manors &
Land Grants
Patroonships

37. Duke of
York’s
Original
Charter

38. The Southern Colonies

39. Port of Charles Town, SC
Busiest port in South
Aristocratic feel
Religious toleration attracted
diverse inhabitants

40. Rice & Indigo Exports
from SC & GA: 1698-1775

41. The Emergence of North Carolina
• VA = aristocratic planters and Church of
England
• Dissenters moved south to Carolina
 Poor farmers, little need for slaves
 Religious dissenters
• Early North Carolinians:
 Strong resistance to authority, hospitable to
pirates
 Irreligious
• 1712  NC officially separated from SC

42. Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony

43. Distribution of
Immigrants
 1700-1750: colonial
pop. from 250,000
to 2 m.+

45. North America in 1750

46. Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763

47. North America in 1763

48. Major Wars, 1689–1763

49. Rule Britannia?
• Most Americans bound to England in 1763
• Ties included British culture, consumer
goods, religion, military victories
• Americans thought of themselves as partners in Empire
• To British, “American” equaled “not quite English”

50. Colonial Products and Trade

51. The Spanish Borderlands,
ca. 1770

52. George Grenville’s
Program, 1763-1765
1. Sugar Act - 1764
2. Quartering Act - 1765
3. Stamp Act - 1765

53. The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)

54. Boston Tea Party (1773)

55. The Quebec Act (1774)

56. First Continental Congress (1774)
Agenda  How to
respond to the
Coercive Acts & the
Quebec Act?

58. The Shot Heard ’Round the World!
Lexington & Concord – April 18,1775

59. Thomas Paine: Common Sense

60. Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776

61. Independence Hall

64. The American
Revolution,
1775–1781

65. North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783

66. The United States in 1787

67. Weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation
A unicameral Congress
[9 of 13 votes to pass a law].
13 out of 13 to amend.
Representatives were frequently
absent.
Could not tax or raise armies.
No executive or judicial branches.

68. Underlying Principles of the US Constitution
• Popular Sovereignty (people power)
• Limited, Representative Government
• Federalism (literally, united states)
• Separation of Powers (to avoid dictatorship)
• Checks and Balances (to avoid dictatorship)
• Individual Rights (to protect citizens from gov.)
• Flexibility (change with the times)