The Egyptian revolution
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The document summarizes key events and aspects of the 2011 Egyptian revolution, including that while some anticipated unrest, no one expected the scale and success of the protests on January 25th. It describes the revolution as leaderless and coordinated primarily through social media like Facebook. Live updates from the ground helped spread information to others and teach tactics to avoid police brutality. The revolution ultimately succeeded through sustained mass protests in Tahrir Square and pressure on the army to side with protesters.
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The Egyptian revolution
- 1. The 25 th of January Revolution Ashraf Amin, Al-Ahram Newspaper 7 - 04 - 2011
- 4. Key players of the Egyptian Revolution Dr.Nazif The Youth The Pressure Groups
- 5. the Youth most of the people who called for the protest were young students and graduates & from the middle class society
- 6. Dr Ahmed Nazif Ex-PM and 1 st Minister of Communication & IT in Egypt He created a Youth society that lives in a bubble .
- 8. How the Gov used to deal with the new media?
- 9. It s just happening in the City
- 10. Arresting Bloggers Wael abbas Blogger and journalist Israa abdelfattah Admin of the 6 th of april strike FB page
- 11. Arresting Bloggers Wael Ghonim admin of the FB page “We are all Khaled Saiid “that called for the revolution Khaled Saiid beatten to death by the police forces
- 12. So how the revolution was accomplished ?
- 13. It was a leaderless act
- 14. Calls for Protests on FB
- 16. 2 am 8 th of April @ Tahrir square
- 17. Live Pictures from the ground
- 18. Learning from the Tunisians
- 19. ..and sharing knowledge with others
- 20. What should you wear to avoid police brutality
- 21. Christians protecting Muslims in Tahrir square during their pray
- 22. The Camel’s Battle 2 nd of Feb2011
- 23. RNN a News Agency on FB
- 24. The Army salutes the martyrs of the revolution
- 25. Happy faces from Heaven
- 26. Tahrir Square, Cairo 11 th of Feb 2011
- 31. 19 million citizen participated in the Referendum (19 th of March 2011)
- 32. 77% yes vs 23% No
Editor's Notes
- People were frustrated of how the regime manipulated the last parliamentary elections by kicking all opposing figures out of the parliament and gaining a vast majority of the NDP members Politicians/artists were estimating a revolution led by the poor illiterate people in Egypt who were suffering from high inflation rates and low wages
- He played a crucial role in raising the rates of Internet and mobile penetration in Egypt. His continuous efforts in raising mobile and internet penetration were the reasons to nominate him as Prime Minister of Egypt on july 2004 and Ironically to quick him off the Cabinet 7years later. Dr Nazif helped the youth to be exposed to the bigger world and to share their views and opinions on the social network websites specially: facebook, twitter, youtube …This dilemma was quite reflected in several calls for online/offline protests before the 25 th of Jan like :
- The 6 th of April 2008 strike which started on Facebook by Israa Abdelfattah a blogger and activist who wanted to show solidarity to workers in Mahalla city. the 9 th of March movement by the Cairo University professors who were seeking University Independence from all hidden roles the ministry of Interior was playing in students elections, selecting the Deans of the faculties and many other things. "Kefaya" aka Enough another famous movement against Mubarak regime who has been in power for 30 years. Though such strikes and protests didn't stop the regime's brutality or reduce corruption it created a growing pool of anger among diverse sections of the society. In my opinion, the political movements alone were not the reason but the political movements main strength was breaking the barrier of fear. People got used to see protests and knew that protesters won't be harmed if they go in large numbers, this exact feeling was inspired by Tunisian Revolution before anything else.
- In 2009, when Gamal Mubarak the president's son and head of the policy committee in the National Democratic Party (NDP) was asked in a press conference if the party will start a national talk with the pressure groups and facebook activists he smiled and made a joke out of the question.
- This reflected how the regime was discounting the impact of virtual talks. In addition, no one at that time thought that the activists of the virtual world may have a strong influence on the Egyptians and that is due to several reasons : Firstly the gap between the vivid life in the big cities and the emptiness in the rest of the country specially the villages and the rural areas where the high rates of illiteracy and poverty.
- Secondly, Contrary to most policies in the Middle East region of blocking certain websites the Ministry of Interior had a totally different strategy that consists of monitoring the bloggers and arresting them when it's required and that is what happened with wael Abbas, Israa Abdelfattah
- And for sure Wael Ghonim Head of Marketing google ME and North Africa and admin of the Facebook page Khaled Saiid which protests against police brutality. Wael was arrested for 12 out of the 18 days of the revolution and was released on the 8 th of Feb 3 days later the president resigned
- No individual heroes as we used to have in the Middle East no Abd-El-Nasser no Sa3d Zaghlool, no single icon it is the power of people organized using technology. This is the trend that is leading the world now .. WE is much better than I not just in production but even in working and getting credit.
- I remember quite well at that time, I used to get on my facebook page pictures and slogans of each Friday protest with clear objectives why are protesting ? what are our demands ? where are the meeting points ?
- The persistence of sending updates of what is going on the ground with live footages pushed people who were never activists or cared about politics to take part and assist in the revolution
- Our Tunisian Counterparts were quite helpful by sending us pictures and advices on how to deal with tear bombs or the police brutality.
- 22 tips on what should the protestors do to win their battle: Avoid the presence of signs or slogans of any political parties in the strike, don t let any party lead the protest Be sure that the world depend on you so record upload and share all footage and material you see around you Don t read your words from a paper be spontaneous creative and funny while protesting Keep the protest peaceful and defend yourself when the police forces attack you
- Though the revolution have started on facebook and twitter it became afterwards everyone's protest and it gained more strength by the solidarity and support of all pressure groups that failed in the past years to make a change. This might explain why blocking the internet was not a smart idea to stop the revolution All these actions didn't stop the people specially after turning Tahrir Square into a center point for all Egyptian protestors.
- On the second week of the revolution the social media appealed to be a trustable reliable source of information and footage. Bloggers and activists were recording every event, facebook and twitter users in and out of the country were copying the status bars of their peers which was mainly about calls for blood donations, rescuing injured, adding the link of a new article or footage from Tahrir Square. There were pages for missing people and for those who lost their lives during the protests, video clips of policemen shooting on civilians or thugs attacking on camels and throwing stones protestors .
- Since the 25 th of Jan till the 11 th of Feb, the Egyptians were exposed to 18 days of unstoppable flow of information from the social media to the extent that newspapers and tv talk shows were editing stories based on what was written and discussed on facebook,
- . the Military council and the ministry cabinet had started their pages on facebook to send their messages to the public and sometimes they were sending SMS or emails when there is a need for urgency I should also add that compared to what we see now in Lybia we wouldn’t have gained the battle with the support of the army
- From my personal experience: the social media gave the people the feeling that they are not alone, i am angry and so do you but how many of us share the same feeling? social media gave the answer and provided a new way for communication. It also saved the revolution by continuously informing the people of what is going on on the ground, and what's not mentioned by the classical media.
- It is without any doubt that our generation is quite lucky to have such tools, as for children and the coming generations they will be able to read about the Egyptian revolution from what was recorded from the media and the social media. To keep such important documents saved, the National center for Archives in Egypt has decided a few weeks ago to add all digital documents of the revolution including recorded testimonials of the protestors who were in the streets standing bravely to bring liberty to Egypt.
- On the first of April Dr Maged Othman Minister of communication said that Technically we are ready in Egypt for applying digital signature and electronic voting which may solve any of the mentioned problem but we need to put it in a legislative way for all coming elections http://gate.ahram.org.eg/UI/Front/Inner.aspx?NewsContentID=56052