The Arab Spring began in December 2010 in Tunisia after a fruit seller set himself on fire to protest government corruption and oppression. Massive street protests erupted demanding political reform. Through social media, the protests spread to other countries in the region, toppling authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and elsewhere. Social media played a key role in organizing and publicizing the protests internationally, and though some governments tried to shut down access, citizens found ways to communicate and coordinate their uprisings.
The Arab Spring is a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both non-violent and violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab world that began on 18 December 2010 and spread throughout the countries of the Arab League and surroundings.
A Report in Soc. Sci. 417 (Selected Topics in Social Science) under Dr. Vima Olivares in Filamer Christian University, Roxas City, Philippines (Summer 2014)
The Arab Spring is a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests (both non-violent and violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab world that began on 18 December 2010 and spread throughout the countries of the Arab League and surroundings.
A Report in Soc. Sci. 417 (Selected Topics in Social Science) under Dr. Vima Olivares in Filamer Christian University, Roxas City, Philippines (Summer 2014)
I was fascinated by the Arab Spring phenomenon (2011-2014) which reveals how complex the social-political situation in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) had been. Many of my countrymen don't understand the realities there, instead believing conspiracy theories which simplified things to merely "US/Israel/Zionist vs Islam/muslims".
This presentation is my attempt to summarize the history and geopolitical complexities and to debunk some conspiracy theories related to Arab Spring.My sources are multiple articles in CNN, TIME, Al-Jazeera, Al-Monitor, Stratfor, Foreign Policy, among others.
I closed this ever expanding presentation in the beginning of 2014 since it became obvious that the revolution season was over and multiple failures manifested in many countries.
It englights the era of Iraq under the leadership of Saddam hussein untill he was executed. I have analysed Saddam's tenure including Iran-Iraq war, both Gulf wars and Substance of Anarchy embedled in Iraq while scrutinizes his policies and Baa'th agenda.
The war in Yemen has created another humanitarian catastrophe, wrecking a country that was already the poorest in the Arab world. With millions of people now on the brink of famine, the need for a comprehensive cease-fire and political settlement is ever more urgent. Yemenis have suffered tremendous hardships from air bombardments, rocket attacks, and economic blockades. According to the U.N., approximately 4,000 civilians have been killed, the majority in Saudi-led coalition airstrikes. All parties to the conflict stand accused of war crimes, including indiscriminate attacks on civilian areas .
Presentation on conflict that occurred between Iraq and UN\NATO\USA, due to Iraq's invasion in Kuwait.
Provides background on Geopolitics and proves that wars occur mostly for the resources
Arab Spring an overview of the situation that arose from Harsh living conditions in the Middle east and parts of africa and aims to give a crisp understanding of the sam.
I was fascinated by the Arab Spring phenomenon (2011-2014) which reveals how complex the social-political situation in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) had been. Many of my countrymen don't understand the realities there, instead believing conspiracy theories which simplified things to merely "US/Israel/Zionist vs Islam/muslims".
This presentation is my attempt to summarize the history and geopolitical complexities and to debunk some conspiracy theories related to Arab Spring.My sources are multiple articles in CNN, TIME, Al-Jazeera, Al-Monitor, Stratfor, Foreign Policy, among others.
I closed this ever expanding presentation in the beginning of 2014 since it became obvious that the revolution season was over and multiple failures manifested in many countries.
It englights the era of Iraq under the leadership of Saddam hussein untill he was executed. I have analysed Saddam's tenure including Iran-Iraq war, both Gulf wars and Substance of Anarchy embedled in Iraq while scrutinizes his policies and Baa'th agenda.
The war in Yemen has created another humanitarian catastrophe, wrecking a country that was already the poorest in the Arab world. With millions of people now on the brink of famine, the need for a comprehensive cease-fire and political settlement is ever more urgent. Yemenis have suffered tremendous hardships from air bombardments, rocket attacks, and economic blockades. According to the U.N., approximately 4,000 civilians have been killed, the majority in Saudi-led coalition airstrikes. All parties to the conflict stand accused of war crimes, including indiscriminate attacks on civilian areas .
Presentation on conflict that occurred between Iraq and UN\NATO\USA, due to Iraq's invasion in Kuwait.
Provides background on Geopolitics and proves that wars occur mostly for the resources
Arab Spring an overview of the situation that arose from Harsh living conditions in the Middle east and parts of africa and aims to give a crisp understanding of the sam.
“Digital democracy” helen milner digital leaders annual lecture 24 february 2015Helen Milner
My speech at the Digital Leaders Annual Lecture in February 2015 about Digital Democracy. Slides have notes of the full speech. This is about people and democracy more than technology. I talk about social media, the Arab Spring, the crowdsourced constitution in Iceland, and the Net Party in Argentina. I talk about the findings of the UK House of Common's Speaker's Commission on Digital Democracy - as a Commissioner. Not radical but perhaps a very quiet and polite revolution.
Red Star Over China (Speaker: Vincent Lee Kwun-leung) [Part 2]VincentKwunLeungLee
The "Red Star Over China" is a publication of Edgar Snow in 1968, with Victor Gollancz Limited in London as the publisher.
"Red Star Over China" recorded how the proletariat ideal of Communist Party was prospered as the mainstreamed ruling ideology in 20th-century China - from Menshevism of Chen Duxiu to Bolshevism of Mao Zedong.
Vincent Lee Kwun-leung (李冠良), the speaker of this academic talk, received the education of Prof. Cindy Chu Yik-yi (朱益宜教授) during her "Sino-American Relations" course at HKBU History Department in early 2009. Prof. Cindy Chu requested Vincent Lee and other students to do a "History Book Review" on "Red Star Over China" to analyze how an American journalist observed Communism in China.
Prof. Cindy Chu Yik-yi obtained a Ph-D qualification in University of Hawaii at Manoa. Her BA and M-Phil qualifications were from the University of Hong Kong. Prof. Chu is an alumnus of Maryknoll Convent School, and her Catholic growing background enables her to devote to the research on Maryknoll Sisters' missionary and charitable services in Hong Kong. Now, Prof. Chu is the Associate Director of HKBU David C. Lam Institute for East-West Studies.
Networked Journalism and the Arab SpringRob Jewitt
Slides used in undergraduate media studies module at University of Sunderland
For the YouTube videos on the following slides skip to the following sections:
#34 - 9:00 -11:30
#38 - 9:50-11:30
US Army: The Revolution Will Be TweetedOpenMatters
This is a presentation of the ebook - The Revolution will Be Tweeted - and was given to the Lichtenstein Royal Family, HBS, Suffolk University, Princeton University, US Army and at a number of public events.
Economic repercussion of political movementsAmarwaha
Drawing on both classic and modern work, we propose to find out the economic repercussions and political implications of protest movements. Due to failure in experiment in social changes and development mass hysteria has developed among masses which are heavily burdened by state but does not profit from countries boom.
ARAB SPRING AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATIONGaliat Times
The paper provides an account of Arab Spring origin, ideology and demands of civil society. The political turmoil
in the Arab world challenged the political status quo of Middle East and North Africa. Arab Spring is the
fundamental event in the Arab world history. It also describes the role of well educated youth and power of social
media in Arab Spring. It further explains the demonstrations at Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria in details.
Specifically, the paper spotlights on the relative deprivation theory of Ted Robert Gurr to illustrate why Arab
Spring emerged. Relative deprivation theory has been used to clarify how socio-economic shortages
(unemployment, education and poverty) and political inefficiencies lead to collective turmoil. The answer
provides a clue to resolve the current problem.
37 role of social media in political and regime change the college studyMary Smith
It is an educational blog and intended to serve as complete and self-contained work on essays, paragraph, speeches, articles, letters, stories, quotes.
https://www.thecollegestudy.net/
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
1. The Arab Spring
Finding the Value of Social
Engagement through Social
Media and the Political
Revolution that ‘sharing’ has
incited.
2. The ‘Arab Spring’ was an outburst of revolutionary insurgence that sprang forth in the
Arab world on December of 2010.
It was catalyzed by 3 significant events.
1. 17th of December 2010 – an educated Tunisian fruit seller, Mohammed Bouazizi, sets himself
on fire in protest to having his wares confiscated and being assaulted by a municipal official.
2.
Enraged Tunisians afflicted by the same suppressed problems take to the streets in massive
protests, triggering the Tunisian uprising.
3.
Under the protection of the army, the protest movement that begins in Sidi Bouzid swells to
become a nationwide phenomenon, with Tunisians eventually ousting their President, Zine El
Abidine Ben Ali out of office on January 15, 2011.
3. The ‘Arab Spring’ was an outburst of revolutionary insurgence that sprang forth in the
Arab world on December of 2010. It started with the self - immolation of Mohd Bouzazi, an
educated fruit seller vexed with the corruption that prevailed in the administrative system.
Mohamed Bouazizi remained in a coma till the day he died on Jan 4, 2010. He was only 26. His death galvanizes the determination of the entire
nation and they rise up against their corrupt government.
4. Oppression and injustice in the Middle East and North Africa have resulted in people revolting against
their governments for years, but in small groups which soon faded off. After the the self - immolation of
Mohd Bouzazi, enraged Tunisians afflicted by the same suppressed problems take to the streets in
massive protests, triggering the Tunisian uprising.
5. The street protests marked the beginning of the pressing
demand for transparency and anti-corruption.
Unemployment Extreme Poverty Police Brutality Wide-scale corruption Nepotism Kleptocracy
A demonstrator holding a breadstick (representing food shortages and rising costs of living), pleads with security forces whilst being filmed by
international media. (Reuters)
6. Violence escalates as Security Police respond with strong-arm-tactics.
The turning point comes when Tunisia’s army chief, General Rachid Ammar declines the Presidential order to shoot protestors and the
Tunisian military intervenes.
7. 15 Jan, 2011 – President Ben Ali steps down after 23 year rule.
The ousting of Ben Ali happened 10 days after Mohamed Bouazizi died. It is the first ever non-violent ousting of a President in history.
8. Milestone: The time it takes to oust Ben Ali
from office 29 days
17th Dec, 2010
15 Jan, 2011
Mohamed Bouazizi was hailed as a martyr and credited for galvanizing the frustrations of the region’s youth against their governments.
9. The unrest spread like a wild fire, especially on social media platforms like twitter,
facebook and youtube, bringing people together in civil resistance….
Social media platforms and mobile devices were used as a revolutionary tool to spread the word about the revolution.
10. …. and resulted in great changes across the Middle East and North Africa in a very short
period of time.
Change spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa, like a domino effect, with the world as a stage, calling to question the actions
of political rulers.
11. •
Governments and the dictators in Egypt (President tried to shut down internet) and Libya fell.
•
Civil uprisings developed in Bahrain, Syria, and Yemen.
•
Major protests started in Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, and Oman. Similar but
smaller scaled protests arose in Lebanon, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Western
Sahara.
•
The Arab Spring also influenced clashes at the borders of Israel on May 2011 and the
Palestinian 194 movement.
12. Freedom to engage in
discussion and form Analysis
on Government Statements
Social Media
Opportunity for people to be drawn into
extended conversation
(issues that concern them)
Counter Rumor and
Propaganda Tool
Community organizing
platform for Grassroots
Mobilization
Pro – Democratic
Regime Change
Public develops a sense of
Shared grievance
In times of crisis
Consistent sharing and interaction
creates Strong Public Sphere and
a Proactive Civil Society
Role
of:
SOCIAL
MEDIA
in
the
Arab
Spring
13. Tunisia: Example of Social Media
Innovation used as a Revolutionary Tool.
•
Twitter played an important role initial role in Tunisia for much of December.
•
As the revolution gathered steam, Facebook became the main organizing tool for protests and
sharing videos.
•
People in Europe would migrate those videos to Posterous, subsequently uploading them unto
Youtube, and sharing them via Twitter.
•
Hackerspace nawaat.org aggregated these videos as soon as they went up.
•
Global audiences tuned in to Al Jazeera (Qatar-based satellite channel) for livestreams and
dependable information.
•
All these services worked together on top of the platform that the Internet provided.
14. Egypt: Example of Social Media Innovation
used as a Revolutionary Tool.
•
When Egypt’s President tried to shut down the internet, Google and Twitter worked together to
build a speak-to-tweet service.
•
Twitter and Facebook were used to communicate happenings in Egypt to the rest of the world.
•
Tech Analysts used programs like ‘Gephi Graph Streaming’ to chart the speed and growth of
communication (twitter)
15. •
When Egypt’s President tried to shut down the internet, Google an Twitter worked together to
build a speak-to-tweet service.
President Hosni Mubarak tries to shut down the internet in
order to limit communication between protest groups.
He eventually resigns on 11 February, 2011. He was found
guilty of damaging the national economy during protests by
shutting down the internet and various telephone services
and was fine US$33.6 million.
Google engineers, built a system that enabled protesters in Egypt to send
tweets even using just a voice connection. They worked with a small team of
engineers from Twitter and SayNow (a company Google recently acquired) to
build the system.
It provides three international phone numbers and anyone can tweet by
leaving a voicemail. The tweets appear on twitter.com/speak2tweet.”
16.
17. •
Twitter and Facebook were used to communicate happenings in Egypt to the rest of the world.
18. •
Tech Analysts used programs like ‘Gephi Graph Streaming’ to chart the speed and growth of
communication (twitter)
On February 11, 2011, Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak bowed to two weeks of nonviolent pressure and resigned from power. Tahrir
Square in Cairo was where the real action was, but an Italian network analyst named André Panisson was watching the news unfold on
Twitter. Over the next hour, he visualized the explosion of tweets and retweets as a network graph, and even though it's nothing more than
dots and lines, the excitement is nearly as palpable as watching it live on CNN.
Before
Right after
Over the course of the hour
Data acquired from Twitter’s API, Gephi Graph Streaming
19. The Arab people’s desire to emancipate themselves from oppression and corrupt
government culminates in a ‘tipping point’ that traverses the issue of morality.
•
The public killing of Colonel Gaddafi is filmed on mobile devices and published unto Youtube.
•
His body is not buried as per the Islamic tradition. Rather it is put on display in a freezer in
Misrata for 4 days. Libyans all over the country come to view it.
•
Despite its graphic content, Youtube has not made any move to remove any videos depicting
the killing of Gaddafi.
20. Conclusion: A revolution like this puts the spotlight on dictators and leaders who,
through the existence of social media as a platform for shared grievance, will
eventually be called to be held accountable for their actions.
•
It was deeply-rooted problems that drove Mohamed Bouazizi to self-immolation. Although he
was hailed as a martyr, his sacrifice and self-immolation was very extreme.
•
Singaporeans have recently experienced similar feedback with regards to Singapore’s
parliamentary elections. When such ignorance exists and carries on, the suppressed emotions
are automatically vented via social media.
•
The power of social media lies in the ability to share emotions across different spectrums. The
strength that the oppressed find, can be catalysts to incite revolutionary change.
•
Social media also promotes the idea of no-censorship and self-broadcasting. However in doing
so, we have traversed a moral dilemma. Was the filming and publication of the killing of Gaddafi
and the participation of NATO, right or wrong?
•
‘Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable’.
John F. Kennedy