This study examined the effects of different levels of fenugreek extract in drinking water on performance and immune response in laying hens. 240 laying hens were given 0, 5, 10, or 15 ml/L of fenugreek extract in their water for 6 weeks. Higher levels of fenugreek extract improved egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio. The 15 ml/L treatment significantly increased performance over other treatments. Fenugreek extract also enhanced immune response, with the highest antibody titer seen in hens given 15 ml/L. In conclusion, fenugreek extract supplementation of laying hen drinking water effectively improved both production performance and immune system functioning.
The relationship between progesterone and biochemical constituents of amnioti...Ali Olfati
Ali Olfati1, Gholamali Moghaddam1, Nasroallah Moradi Kor2*, Mitra Bakhtiari3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
2Department of Reproduction Physiologies, Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
3Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Mature Harco Cocks Treated...IJEAB
Twenty sexually matured (24 weeks old) healthy Harco cocks were used to determine the effect of Gonadotrophin (Diclair®) on haematology and serum biochemistry. The cocks were divided into 4 treatment groups of 5 cocks per group identified as T1 (control) administered with 1ml physiological saline, T2, administered with 6.75i.u Diclair® and T4, administered with 20.25i.u Diclair®, with one cock per replicate in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). The injections were dividedinto three doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. One week after Diclair® treatments, five birds from each group were bled from the wing veins for haematology and serum biochemistry. Results of this study showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. Basophils were not detected among the treatment groups. The results further showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. However, the values were within the normal ranges, indicating that Diclair® had no deleterious effect on these parameters.
Ciprofloxacin resideu and their impact on Biomolecules n eggs of laying hens ...Sayed Koushik Ahamed
I have done this research on eggs for the welfare of mankind now i want to share my article for social awareness. I hope it will helps all researchers for their future further research.
Thank You
Kidney Function Test, Weight Gain and Serum Protein Values of Mature Male Tur...IJEAB
Sixteen sexually matured (12 months old) healthy male turkeys were used to determine the effect of Gonadotrophin (Diclair®) on kidney function, weight gain and serum protein values. The turkeys were divided into 4 treatment groups, identified as T1 (control) administered with 1.00ml physiological saline (0.00 i.u Diclair®), T2 , administered with 13.50 i.u Diclair®, T3,administered with 27.00i.u Dicliar®T4, administered with 40.50 i.u Dicliar(R), with one turkey per replicate in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). The injections were divided into 3 doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. Blood was collected one week after Diclair® administration. Four turkeys were randomly selected fro-m each treatment groupand bled to collect blood for blood chemistry analysis. The turkey were weighed every week for five weeks and their weight recorded. The result showed that there were significant differences (P< 0.05) among the treatment groups in all parameters for kidney function test: chronicle, potassium, sodium, bicarbonate expect creatinine which was similar (p > 0.05) among the treatment groups. The results further showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the treatment groups in initial body weight. However, there were significant differences (P< 0.05) among the treatment groups in final body weight and weight gain. Similarly there were significant differences (P< 0.05) among the treatment groups in all the serum protein values measure: albumin, globulin, serum total protein as well as albumin/globulin ratio. The results of the study showed that Diclair enhanced kidney function and weight gain without any deleterious effects on serum protein values of the male turkeys.
Biochemical changes induced by Bioneem (0.03%) formulation in chick embryogen...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In ovo studies on the effect of 1,3,5, ppm Bioneem (0.03%) formulation on Biochemical aspect of chick embryo revealed that there was dose dependent total protein reduction in 96 hrs old embryo (treated at 24 hrs) as compared to the control. Also there was reduction in total protein concentration Liver, Brain and Heart of 15 day old chick embryo (treated with Bioneem at 96 hrs. stage) as compared to that of control. Protein carbonyl concentration of 96 hrs old embryo (treated at 24 hrs with Bioneem) and that of Liver, Brain and Heart of 15 day old chick embryo (treated with bioneem at 96 hrs) increased in dose dependent manner. Most affected organ was Liver and least affected organ was Heart. Blood analysis of 15 day old chick embryo (treated with Bioneem at 96 hrs) showed increased level of Blood urea, LDH, SGOT, SGPT, while Serum alkaline phosphatase and serum cholesterol were decreased in dose dependent manner as compared to the control. Thus Bioneem though ecofriendly pesticide can adversely affect vertebrate non target organisms and therefore should be carefully used in pest management programs.
Effect of mow procedure on physiological and biochemical properties of blood ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
The relationship between progesterone and biochemical constituents of amnioti...Ali Olfati
Ali Olfati1, Gholamali Moghaddam1, Nasroallah Moradi Kor2*, Mitra Bakhtiari3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
2Department of Reproduction Physiologies, Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
3Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Mature Harco Cocks Treated...IJEAB
Twenty sexually matured (24 weeks old) healthy Harco cocks were used to determine the effect of Gonadotrophin (Diclair®) on haematology and serum biochemistry. The cocks were divided into 4 treatment groups of 5 cocks per group identified as T1 (control) administered with 1ml physiological saline, T2, administered with 6.75i.u Diclair® and T4, administered with 20.25i.u Diclair®, with one cock per replicate in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). The injections were dividedinto three doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. One week after Diclair® treatments, five birds from each group were bled from the wing veins for haematology and serum biochemistry. Results of this study showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. Basophils were not detected among the treatment groups. The results further showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. However, the values were within the normal ranges, indicating that Diclair® had no deleterious effect on these parameters.
Ciprofloxacin resideu and their impact on Biomolecules n eggs of laying hens ...Sayed Koushik Ahamed
I have done this research on eggs for the welfare of mankind now i want to share my article for social awareness. I hope it will helps all researchers for their future further research.
Thank You
Kidney Function Test, Weight Gain and Serum Protein Values of Mature Male Tur...IJEAB
Sixteen sexually matured (12 months old) healthy male turkeys were used to determine the effect of Gonadotrophin (Diclair®) on kidney function, weight gain and serum protein values. The turkeys were divided into 4 treatment groups, identified as T1 (control) administered with 1.00ml physiological saline (0.00 i.u Diclair®), T2 , administered with 13.50 i.u Diclair®, T3,administered with 27.00i.u Dicliar®T4, administered with 40.50 i.u Dicliar(R), with one turkey per replicate in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). The injections were divided into 3 doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. Blood was collected one week after Diclair® administration. Four turkeys were randomly selected fro-m each treatment groupand bled to collect blood for blood chemistry analysis. The turkey were weighed every week for five weeks and their weight recorded. The result showed that there were significant differences (P< 0.05) among the treatment groups in all parameters for kidney function test: chronicle, potassium, sodium, bicarbonate expect creatinine which was similar (p > 0.05) among the treatment groups. The results further showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the treatment groups in initial body weight. However, there were significant differences (P< 0.05) among the treatment groups in final body weight and weight gain. Similarly there were significant differences (P< 0.05) among the treatment groups in all the serum protein values measure: albumin, globulin, serum total protein as well as albumin/globulin ratio. The results of the study showed that Diclair enhanced kidney function and weight gain without any deleterious effects on serum protein values of the male turkeys.
Biochemical changes induced by Bioneem (0.03%) formulation in chick embryogen...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— In ovo studies on the effect of 1,3,5, ppm Bioneem (0.03%) formulation on Biochemical aspect of chick embryo revealed that there was dose dependent total protein reduction in 96 hrs old embryo (treated at 24 hrs) as compared to the control. Also there was reduction in total protein concentration Liver, Brain and Heart of 15 day old chick embryo (treated with Bioneem at 96 hrs. stage) as compared to that of control. Protein carbonyl concentration of 96 hrs old embryo (treated at 24 hrs with Bioneem) and that of Liver, Brain and Heart of 15 day old chick embryo (treated with bioneem at 96 hrs) increased in dose dependent manner. Most affected organ was Liver and least affected organ was Heart. Blood analysis of 15 day old chick embryo (treated with Bioneem at 96 hrs) showed increased level of Blood urea, LDH, SGOT, SGPT, while Serum alkaline phosphatase and serum cholesterol were decreased in dose dependent manner as compared to the control. Thus Bioneem though ecofriendly pesticide can adversely affect vertebrate non target organisms and therefore should be carefully used in pest management programs.
Effect of mow procedure on physiological and biochemical properties of blood ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
Biochemical and pharmacological study of biologically active preparation of p...inventionjournals
Our aim was to perform some biochemical and pharmacological studies of bioactive bovine placental preparation via digestion of cow placenta using enzyme contained in swine stomach. Amino acid compositions and contents in biologically active preparation of placenta, obtained by digestion of cow placenta with enzyme contained in swine stomach were measured by HPLC technique and it was found that contents of such amino acids as glycine, proline and lysine were highest and 9 essential amino acids, including valine, histidine, methionine, lysine, threonine, arginine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine were measured. In pharmacological study, acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation and effect of the preparation on immune response to sheep erythrocyte were investigated in white mice, weighing 18 to 20 g each. The study revealed acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation was 60 ml per kg. Spleen index of the first and second experimental group animals treated by the preparation during both provoked and unprovoked immune responses increased by 1.2 to 3.09 times as compared to that of negative control animals, while splenocyte count elevated by 1.2 to 2.2 times than negative control animals. Higher contents of essential amino acids of the biologically active preparation of cattle placenta shows its biologically higher nutritive value, as well as pharmacological study reveals the preparation has minimal toxicity and higher effect to stimulate immune responses.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 50 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 13-15 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200μgkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited, Bangladesh) and two solid fenbendazole, albendazole (7.5 mgkg-1 body weight, orally) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) were used for positive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Before trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the faecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight were recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The results of the comparative efficacies of different anthelmintic of ivermectin was 100%, followed by fenbendazole 95.33% and albendazole 90.11%. McMaster fecal egg counting method disclose the percentage of Haemonchus spp. (15.38%), with Trichostrongylus spp, Strongyloides spp., and Cooperia spp. also present. The body weight of the treated animals were slightly increased which were significant (p<0.05). After treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p>0.05 and p<0.01) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p>0.05) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28. The farm management practices along with results of the present study revealed the efficacy of multiple anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Additional detailed studies are required to clarify the current status of the efficacy of the anthelmintics widely used in different agro ecologies, animal species, and livestock management systems in Bangladesh
Enterocin 55 produced by non rabbit-derived strain Enterococcus faecium EF55 ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Ent55 is produced by poultry strain Enterococcus faecium EF55. It is substance which can be allotted to Class II enterocins; thermo-stable, small peptide. Because producer strain has shown beneficial effect in poultry and broiler rabbits as well, we decided to apply Ent55 in broiler rabbit husbandry. Ent55 showed antimicrobial activity in broiler rabbits by reduction of staphylococci, Clostridiae, pseudomonads and coliforms. Its beneficial effect was demonstrated by stimulation of phagocytic activity as well as by reduction of Eimeria spp. oocysts. GPx values were lower; it means, no oxidative stress was evoked. Moreover, it has not negative influence on growth performance and biochemical parameters. Our results indicated that enterocin produced by not-autochtonous strain can also have protective and beneficial effect in broiler rabbits.
Anthelmintic activity of Punica granatum ethanol extract against paramphis...researchanimalsciences
Parasitic diseases remain a major threat to livestock production around the
world, particularly in India. Paramphistomosis caused by paramphistomes are one of
the most common and economically important diseases of livestock. The high
incidence of resistance to chemotherapeutics, toxicity and side effects has urged the
necessity of finding alternative plant
-
based anthelmintics against helminth parasites.
Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to assess the anthelmintic effect of
the rind of
Punica granatum
Ethanol Extract (
Pg
EE) against paramphistomes in
infected sheep. Infected sheep were treated orally with 30 and 50 mg/ml
concentrations of
Pg
EE. Eggs Per Gram (EPG) count on faeces, haematological and
biochemical parameters of sheep were investigated. In
Pg
EE
-
treated sheep, the egg
count reduced significantly in the faeces and the reduction was proportional to
dosage and duration after treatment. The maximum reduction (97.95 %) was
observed on day 21 post
-
treatment with 50 mg/ml concentration of
Pg
EE. In infected
sheep, the haemoglobin and protein content were below standard physiological
values. Improvement of haematobiochemical profile was observed in sheep after
treatment with
Pg
EE.
Effect of Gonadotrophin (Pergonal®) on Haematological and Serum Biochemical P...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Twelve Ouda rams aged 2 – 2.6 years and weighed between 40.21 – 40.32kg were randomly distributed into 3 groups of 4 animals with one ram per replicate in a completely randomized design and used to determine the effect of Pergonal® on haematology and serum biochemistry. These groups were assigned to 3 levels of Pergonal® injection as treatments. The injections were 0.00i.u, 49.50i.u, and 99.00i.u Pergonal® represented as T1 (control), T2, and T3, respectively. All the treatments were administered by intramuscular injections. The injections were divided into three doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. The results of the study showed that apart from Alanine transaminase and eosinophils, the haematological and serum biochemical parameters and immune status of ouda rams may be affected when 49.50i.u or more of Pergonal are used for induction of spermatogenesis. These parameters should be constantly monitored during pergonal administration in ouda rams.
Citotoxic effects of oxytetracycline's residues contained in pet foodSergio Canello
This study shows evidence of the citotoxicity of oxytetracycline's residues contained in the bones of animals intensively farmed. Some pet (and human) food producers also use bone's powder in their preparations, potentially harming pet's and human's health.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Cestrum parqui L. aerial parts and Phytochemical ...Jing Zang
This study deals with the investigation of hepatoprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts and determination of the bioactive components of the plant. The hepatoprotective effect of Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) was analysed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. The administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (1ml/kg b.w.) causes an increase in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspirate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes and so pretreated orally of a dose from Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for three consecutive days prior to The administration of a single dose of CCl4 significantly prevented the increase in the activities of these enzymes. Histological analysis showed that Cestrum parqui methanol extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and silymarin reduced the incidence of liver lesions including vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes induced by CCl4. The extract cause a negative result on the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver, as compared to those in the CCl4-treated group and this suggests that the hepatoprotective activity of the extract is due to the antioxidant effect of the extract. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts showed that it contained different phytoconstituents, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenes and carbohydrates.
Biochemical and pharmacological study of biologically active preparation of p...inventionjournals
Our aim was to perform some biochemical and pharmacological studies of bioactive bovine placental preparation via digestion of cow placenta using enzyme contained in swine stomach. Amino acid compositions and contents in biologically active preparation of placenta, obtained by digestion of cow placenta with enzyme contained in swine stomach were measured by HPLC technique and it was found that contents of such amino acids as glycine, proline and lysine were highest and 9 essential amino acids, including valine, histidine, methionine, lysine, threonine, arginine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine were measured. In pharmacological study, acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation and effect of the preparation on immune response to sheep erythrocyte were investigated in white mice, weighing 18 to 20 g each. The study revealed acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation was 60 ml per kg. Spleen index of the first and second experimental group animals treated by the preparation during both provoked and unprovoked immune responses increased by 1.2 to 3.09 times as compared to that of negative control animals, while splenocyte count elevated by 1.2 to 2.2 times than negative control animals. Higher contents of essential amino acids of the biologically active preparation of cattle placenta shows its biologically higher nutritive value, as well as pharmacological study reveals the preparation has minimal toxicity and higher effect to stimulate immune responses.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 50 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 13-15 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200μgkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited, Bangladesh) and two solid fenbendazole, albendazole (7.5 mgkg-1 body weight, orally) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) were used for positive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Before trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the faecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight were recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The results of the comparative efficacies of different anthelmintic of ivermectin was 100%, followed by fenbendazole 95.33% and albendazole 90.11%. McMaster fecal egg counting method disclose the percentage of Haemonchus spp. (15.38%), with Trichostrongylus spp, Strongyloides spp., and Cooperia spp. also present. The body weight of the treated animals were slightly increased which were significant (p<0.05). After treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p>0.05 and p<0.01) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p>0.05) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28. The farm management practices along with results of the present study revealed the efficacy of multiple anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Additional detailed studies are required to clarify the current status of the efficacy of the anthelmintics widely used in different agro ecologies, animal species, and livestock management systems in Bangladesh
Enterocin 55 produced by non rabbit-derived strain Enterococcus faecium EF55 ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Ent55 is produced by poultry strain Enterococcus faecium EF55. It is substance which can be allotted to Class II enterocins; thermo-stable, small peptide. Because producer strain has shown beneficial effect in poultry and broiler rabbits as well, we decided to apply Ent55 in broiler rabbit husbandry. Ent55 showed antimicrobial activity in broiler rabbits by reduction of staphylococci, Clostridiae, pseudomonads and coliforms. Its beneficial effect was demonstrated by stimulation of phagocytic activity as well as by reduction of Eimeria spp. oocysts. GPx values were lower; it means, no oxidative stress was evoked. Moreover, it has not negative influence on growth performance and biochemical parameters. Our results indicated that enterocin produced by not-autochtonous strain can also have protective and beneficial effect in broiler rabbits.
Anthelmintic activity of Punica granatum ethanol extract against paramphis...researchanimalsciences
Parasitic diseases remain a major threat to livestock production around the
world, particularly in India. Paramphistomosis caused by paramphistomes are one of
the most common and economically important diseases of livestock. The high
incidence of resistance to chemotherapeutics, toxicity and side effects has urged the
necessity of finding alternative plant
-
based anthelmintics against helminth parasites.
Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to assess the anthelmintic effect of
the rind of
Punica granatum
Ethanol Extract (
Pg
EE) against paramphistomes in
infected sheep. Infected sheep were treated orally with 30 and 50 mg/ml
concentrations of
Pg
EE. Eggs Per Gram (EPG) count on faeces, haematological and
biochemical parameters of sheep were investigated. In
Pg
EE
-
treated sheep, the egg
count reduced significantly in the faeces and the reduction was proportional to
dosage and duration after treatment. The maximum reduction (97.95 %) was
observed on day 21 post
-
treatment with 50 mg/ml concentration of
Pg
EE. In infected
sheep, the haemoglobin and protein content were below standard physiological
values. Improvement of haematobiochemical profile was observed in sheep after
treatment with
Pg
EE.
Effect of Gonadotrophin (Pergonal®) on Haematological and Serum Biochemical P...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Twelve Ouda rams aged 2 – 2.6 years and weighed between 40.21 – 40.32kg were randomly distributed into 3 groups of 4 animals with one ram per replicate in a completely randomized design and used to determine the effect of Pergonal® on haematology and serum biochemistry. These groups were assigned to 3 levels of Pergonal® injection as treatments. The injections were 0.00i.u, 49.50i.u, and 99.00i.u Pergonal® represented as T1 (control), T2, and T3, respectively. All the treatments were administered by intramuscular injections. The injections were divided into three doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. The results of the study showed that apart from Alanine transaminase and eosinophils, the haematological and serum biochemical parameters and immune status of ouda rams may be affected when 49.50i.u or more of Pergonal are used for induction of spermatogenesis. These parameters should be constantly monitored during pergonal administration in ouda rams.
Citotoxic effects of oxytetracycline's residues contained in pet foodSergio Canello
This study shows evidence of the citotoxicity of oxytetracycline's residues contained in the bones of animals intensively farmed. Some pet (and human) food producers also use bone's powder in their preparations, potentially harming pet's and human's health.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Cestrum parqui L. aerial parts and Phytochemical ...Jing Zang
This study deals with the investigation of hepatoprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts and determination of the bioactive components of the plant. The hepatoprotective effect of Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) was analysed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. The administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (1ml/kg b.w.) causes an increase in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspirate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes and so pretreated orally of a dose from Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for three consecutive days prior to The administration of a single dose of CCl4 significantly prevented the increase in the activities of these enzymes. Histological analysis showed that Cestrum parqui methanol extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and silymarin reduced the incidence of liver lesions including vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes induced by CCl4. The extract cause a negative result on the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver, as compared to those in the CCl4-treated group and this suggests that the hepatoprotective activity of the extract is due to the antioxidant effect of the extract. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts showed that it contained different phytoconstituents, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenes and carbohydrates.
Situación Laboral en Odontología, Dentista: ¿qué será de tí mañana?, por Yola...Jaime Del Río Highsmith
Niveles altos de ansiedad, stress, depresión malestar y mala calidad de vida, por el trato con los pacientes, el tiempo para atenderlos, la presión económica, la visión de la sociedad, las exigencias de los estudios para llegar a ser dentista, personalidades perfeccionistas y otras características comunes en los dentistas...Asociado a unas estrategias inadecuadas de confrontación de los problemas cotidianos del dentista.
Similar to The Effects of Different Levels Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on Performance and Immune Response of Laying Hens
This presentation was made in Sept 2010 at Manila during the Poultry show. Target audience were nutritionists , poultry consultants and feed manufacturers
This research is carried out in order to improve the production of eggs in indigenous chicken by reducing the
inter-sequence stopped days through use of anti-prolactin agent (Bromocriptine) and serum from laying hen.
Sixty-four indigenous (deshi) chickens of 20-22 weeks of age, were randomly assigned into four groups (i, j, k
and l) and each group consisting of 16 hens. Control was designated as Group I and Bromocriptine orally at a
dose of 641μg/bird/day was used to treat group j, group k was treated with serum of laying kadhaknath hen
serum at a dose of 1 ml intramuscularly/bird/day and group l was treated with both Kadhaknath serum and
Bromocriptine at doses given to group j and k for the period of 15 March, 2019 to 16 June, 2019 and egg
production, stopped days, prolactin level, hematological parameter and egg qualities were observed. A
significant increase (p<0.05) in Egg production was noticed in all treated groups in comparison to the groups
which were in non- treated control and group k showed the highest production. All treatment groups depicted a
significant decrease (p<0.05) in stopped days and prolactin levels and lowest were observed in hens of group l.
In hematological values between the chicken group, no significant differences were noticed. The present study
reveals that combined treatment with Bromocriptine and serum from laying kadhaknath hen increases egg
production without affecting the health of indigenous chickens.
Effect of Herbal Medicine Supplementations (Arsilvon Super, Bedgen40 and Hepa-cure Herbal Medicines) on Growth Performance, Immunity and Haematological Profile in Broilers
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.2
neoplastic progression through the action of viral oncoproteins, mainly E6 and E7.Cervical cancer remains the second
most common cancer in women worldwide with India as a major contributor to global burden with an annual incidence of
132,000 new cases and mortality rate of 74,000 deaths annually. In this study turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger were
selected as natural anticancer drugs. The objective of the study was to analyze the anticancer property of turmeric
(Curcuma longa), neem (Azadirachta indica), tulasi (Occimum sanctum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on HeLa cells.
Turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger capsules (Himalaya’s Company) were used and aqueous and methanolic extracts of the
turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger were obtained using a soxhlet extraction. To check the efficacy of these drug MTT assay
was performed, that determines % viability and/or cytotoxicity. IC50 of aqueous turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger extracts
in case of HeLa cells were 17.8, 22, 79.4, 27.86 respectively and in case of methanolic turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger
extracts 17, 7.35, 75.24 and 16.1 respectively. To confirm apoptosis as the sole reason behind cell death
immunofluorescence based apoptosis assay was performed using TALI image based cytometer. The study has led to
postulate hypothesis that natural drugs e.g. turmeric, neem, tulasi and ginger are potent anti-cancer compound that are
capable of inhibiting the growth of immortal cells by apoptosis. Key-words- Cervical cancer, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Oncoproteins E6 and E7, Natural compounds, HeLa cell
line (adherent), Cell viability and MTT assay, Apoptosis assay
ABSTRACT
Background:The main objective of the study is to determine the anti-arthritic effect of whole plant ethanolic extract of Polygonum glabrum
belonging to the family Polygonaceae in Female wistar rats using the Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) model . Methods:The plants areal
parts were collected near Tirupathi hills, Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh in India. The Phytoconstituents were identified through the
chemical tests. Ethanol (95%) was used to obtain the whole plant extraction through Soxhlet extractor. Female SD rats were used for antiarthritic
screening. Arthritis was induced using FCA, and the anti-arthritic effect of the ethanolic extract of P.glabrum was studied at doses
of 250 and500 mg/kg. The effects were compared with those of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). At the end of the study, theliver enzyme levels were
determined and a radiological examination was carried out. Results and Discussion:The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic
extract of Polygonum glabrum showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. P. glabrum at 250 and 500 mg/kg
significantly inhibited the FCA-induced arthritis in the rats. This was manifested by as a decrease in the paw volume. The arthritic control
animals exhibited a significant decrease in body weight compared with control animals without arthritis. P. glabrum treated animals showed
dose dependent reduction in decrease in body weight and arthritis.At the same time, P.glabrum significantly altered the biochemical and
haematological changes induced by FCA (P < 0.05). The anti-arthritic effect of P.glabrum was comparable with that of Indomethacin.
Conclusion:The whole plant extract of P.glabrum showed significant anti-arthritic activity against FCA-induced arthritis in female Wistar
rats.
Phytogenics as feed additives in poultry productionReza Vakili
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2.Growth promoting effect
3.Impact Influence on palatability and gut function
4. Antimicrobial action &Impact on pathogenic microorganisms
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The Effects of Different Levels Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on Performance and Immune Response of Laying Hens
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The Effects of Different Levels Aqueous Extract
of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on
Performance and Immune Response of Laying
Hens
Jalal Bayati Zadeh, Nasroallah Moradi kor & Ali Olfati
To cite this article: Jalal Bayati Zadeh, Nasroallah Moradi kor & Ali Olfati (2015) The Effects of
Different Levels Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on Performance
and Immune Response of Laying Hens, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18:6, 1476-1481,
DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2014.981594
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3. and productive performance under normal or
stress conditions. Bans and restrictions on the use
of animal antibiotic growth promoters stimulated
interest in bioactive secondary metabolites of plant
source as alternative per-formance enhancers 4
.
The antimicrobial effect of the medicinal plants is
well documented 5
. Antibiotic and other feed
additives are frequently given in feed as well as
in drinking water to achieve the targeted nutritional
and health status of the birds. The frequent use
of drugs as feed additives in poultry ration resulted
in resistant to pathogenic microorganism, affecting
the feed efficiency and growth performance of
poultry birds. Furthermore, scientists and
researchers are trying to combat against fatal
diseases in poultry through the use of medicinal
plants, containing the most active ingredients to
promote growth, weight gain, and
immunostimulant. Supplement used in this
experiment named Fenugreek (Trigonella
foenum-graecum L.) that was in liquid form that
added daily to water in different levels. Fenugreek
plant is widely distributed throughout the world
(especially in Iran) and which belongs to the family
Fabacecae. The plant including of active
constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids,
Saponins etc. Furthermore, Fenugreek is known
to have hypoglycemic, and hypo-cholesterolaemic,
effects, anti inflammatory effects. Recent
research has identified Fenugreek as a valuable
medicinal plant with potential for curing diseases
and also as a source for preparing raw materials
of pharmaceutical industry, like in steroidal
hormones. Fenugreek has a high proportion of
protein (approximately 20-30 %), the fatty acids
ranged from 5-10 % which are predominantly
linoleic, linolenic, oleic and palmitic acids. It had
45-65 % total carbohydrates with 15 % of
galactomannan (a soluble fiber).Also, it contains
flavonoids, saponins and more calcium,
phosphorous, iron, zinc and manganese. Using
Fenugreek was reported to improve the productive
performance, health and immunity in poultry 6
.
Undoubtedly,productionperformanceandimmune
response are two of the most important factors
for the economics of poultry industry. Furthermore,
to date, reports evaluation the effect of Fenugreek
extract on performance and biochemical
metabolites composition of poultry are limited.
Therefore, the present study was conducted to
examine the effects of different levels of
Fenugreek extract adding to the drinking water
on performance and immune response of laying
hens.
Materials and methods
Location and experimental design
This experiment was carried out in the Rezvan
junior college agriiculture farm in Kerman
province (latitude 25o
55’ N, longitude 53o
26’
E,
altitude 1755 m) from June to September 2011.A
total number of 240 white Lohman LSL-Lite
laying hens at 65 weeks of age were used in this
experiment. Four levels of Fenugreek extract
including zero (T1), 5 ml (T2), 10 ml (T3) and
15ml (T4) per liter of drinking water with 6
replicates (n=10) were used during 6-week trial
period. Before start of the experiment, all hens
fed basal diet for 2 weeks and were similar in body
size and production. During the experiment, hens
fed approximately 120 (gr/day) and water was
offered ad-libitum. The hen’s performance
including hen-day egg production %, feed intake
and egg mass (g/hen/day) was measured. Feed
conversion ratio (FCR, g feed: g egg) was also
calculated as the ratio of gram of feed consumed
per gram of egg weight produced.At the 4th
week
of the experiment, 6 hens were randomly selected
from each group (1 from each replicate) and
injected with 0.2 ml of 9 % suspension of sheep
red blood cells (SRBC) in phosphate buffer saline.
One week after SRBC injection, 3 mL blood was
taken from selected hens using jugular veni-
puncture, and serum was separated and evaluated
for antibody titer. Haemagglutination inhibition
test was used for determining antibody titer sera.
Statistical analysis
The present experiment was based on a
completely randomized design. Data were
analyzed by ANOVA using GLM procedure of
SAS software 7
. Significance between means was
tested using Duncan’s multiple range tests. A
probability value of P < 0.05 indicated that the
difference was statistically signiûcant. Linear and
quadratic polynomial contrasts were used to
Jalal Bayati Zadeh et al., / TEOP 18 (6) 2015 1476 - 1481 1477
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4. evaluate the effect of different levels of Fenu-
greek extract.
Results
The effect of different levels of supplemental
Fenugreek extract to drinking water on egg
production and egg mass of laying hens are
presented in Table 1. The results showed that egg
production rate was higher in the T4
treatment
compared with other treatments (P<0.05). In
addition, egg mass was higher in the T4
treatment
compared with that of other treatments (P<0.05).
In conclusion, results this experiment demons-
trated that egg production and egg mass increased
with increasing the levels of Fenugreek extract
(Table 1).
The effects of different levels of supplemental
Fenugreek extract on feed intake and feed
conversion ratio of laying hens are shown in Table
2. The results indicated that inclusion of Fenu-
greek extract had a significant effect on feed
conversion ratio (P<0.05). In addition, inclusion
of Fenugreek extract had not significant effect
on feed intake (P>0.05). Feed intake was lower
in T4
treatment compared with other treatments.
Also, water supplementation with Fenugreek
extract significantly decreased feed conversion
ratio (P>0.05). However, feed conversion ratio
decrea-sed with increasing the levels of
Fenugreek extract.
The effects of different levels of supplemental
Fenugreek extract to drinking water on egg weight
and antibody titer against SRBC of laying hens
have been shown in Table 3. Results from this
Table 1. The effects of different levels Fenugreek extract
supplementation on egg production and egg mass of laying hens
Traits weeks Egg production (%) Egg mass (g egg/hen/day)
1-3 4-6 1-3 4-6
Treatments
T1
75.03±1.09c
77.39±1.22b
50.43±0.99b
47.35±1.02b
T2
77.42±1.23bc
78.53±0.88b
51.62±1.17b
50.27±1.47b
T3
79.31±0.78b
79.41±0.95b
52.53±1.02b
53.73±1.19a
T4
84.23±1.15a
85.65±1.03a
52.35±1.28b
55.57±1.38a
SEM 0.463 0.673 0.538 0.664
P-Values 0.038 0.028 0.131 0.031
Means (±SD) within a column showing different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05)
Table 2. The effects of different levels Fenugreek extract supplementation
on feed intake and feed conversion ratio of laying hens
Traits weeks Feed intake (g Feed/hen/day) Feed conversion ratio (FCR)
1-3 4-6 1-3 4-6
Treatments
T1
117.53±1.32 116.53±1.02 2.02±0.75b
2.12±1.12b
T2
117.31±1.21 116.22±0.95 2.23±0.81b
2.02±1.62b
T3
117.62±1.19 117.38±1.53 2.08±0.92b
1.98±0.84a
T4
118.27±1.05 117.27±1.26 2.37±1.08b
1.83±1.23a
SEM 0.589 0.375 0.489 0.382
P-Value 0.163 0.212 0.069 0.039
Means (±SD) within a column showing different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05)
Jalal Bayati Zadeh et al., / TEOP 18 (6) 2015 1476 - 1481 1478
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5. table represented that inclusion of Fenugreek
extract had a significant effect on egg weight and
antibody titer against SRBC (P<0.05). Egg weigh
was higher in T4
treatment compared with that of
other treatments. Egg weight increased with
increasing Fenugreek extract to drinking water.
The hens receiving the 15 ml/l Fenugreek extract
to drinking water had significantly higher titers of
total, IgM and IgG antibodie than that of other
treatments (P<0.05). The titer of total antibody,
IgM and IgG significantly increased with
increasing Fenugreek extract to drinking water.
Discussion
In this study we has been observed that inclusion
of Fenugreek extract to drinking water had a
significant effect on production performance of
laying hens (P<0.05). In addition, Fenugreek
extract to the drinking water improved immune
response of laying hens. Results of this experiment
were contrary with the finding of El–Kaiaty, et
al.,8
who demonstrated that the adding Fenugreek
in the diet from 0.5 up to 2 % had no effects on
egg production, egg weight and egg mass. El-
Kaiaty, et al.,8
reported that Fenugreek supple-
mentation at the level of 0.5 % had no significant
effect on feed consumption compared to the
control group. However, Abaza 10
indicated that
the same level (0.5 %) caused significant decrease
in feed consumption and improved the feed
conversion of laying hens. Also, EL-Mallah, et
al.,11
noted that increasing the level of Fenugreek
seeds to 2 % in diet of turkey chicks caused
significant increase in digestibility of NFE % and
this may be due to saponins content in Fenugreek
seeds that stimulate insulin activity. Results of
Abdalla, et al., 12
indicated that egg weight, egg
production and egg mass for the layers fed basal
diet supplemented with individual medicinal plants
(Fenugreek, cinnamon, fennel and anise or their
mixtures) were significantly increased than those
for control. These increments in above traits
especially egg production may be due to the
presence of vitamins and fat soluble unidentified
factors (a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids
including linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids)
in herbs mixtures which have been considered as
essential for egg production. Some studies have
indicated that various plants extracts can improve
feed conversion ratio, increase carcass quality,
decrease the market age of broiler and reduced
their rearing cost 2
. Fenugreek (Trigonella
Foenum-Graecum L.), like other legumes, is a
good source of dietary protein (approximately 20-
30 %) for consumption by human and animals,
the fatty acids from 5-10 % which are predomi-
nantly linoleic, linolenic, oleic and palmatic acids.
It had 45-65 % total carbohydrates with 15 % of
galactomannan (a soluble fiber).
Abdalla, et al., 12
reported that the overall mean
results indicated that egg weigh for layers fed
basal diet supplemented with individual medicinal
plants or their mixtures were increased signi-
ficantly than those fed basal diet (control), that
these results are in line with results of this study.
Similar results for Fenugreek were obtained by
Table 3. The effects of different levels Fenugreek extract supplementation
on egg weight and antibody titer against SRBC of laying hens
Traits weeks Egg weigh (g) Antibody titer against SRBC
1-3 4-6 IgM IgG Total
Treatments
T1
55.48±1.05b
57.78±1.02b
2.01±1.31b
3.62±1.02b
2.37±1.24b
T2
59.62±1.86a
59.39±1.41ab
4.67±0.68ab
5.72±1.07b
3.23±0.88b
T3
60.17±0.89a
61.64±0.83a
6.25±1.49a
7.08±0.79a
6.69±1.09a
T4
61.37±1.28a
62.23±1.32a
7.33±1.08a
9.13±1.28a
7.34±1.18a
SEM 0.473 0.512 0.421 0.581 0.325
P-Value 0.043 0.019 0.023 0.031 0.014
Means (±SD) within a column showing different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05)
Jalal Bayati Zadeh et al., / TEOP 18 (6) 2015 1476 - 1481 1479
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6. El-Kaiaty, et al., 8
. And also, Abaza 10
indicated
that Fenugreek supplementation increased egg
numbers and egg mass than those fed control diet.
Abdalla, et al.,12
reported that there were signi-
ficant increases of egg mass and egg production
overall means for hens fed basal diets supple-
mented with different experimental medicinal
plants or their mixtures compared with those for
control. Improvement of egg production may be
due to the mode of action of herbs or their mixtures
in bird utilization of ingredients as reported by
Oktay, et al., 13
and Satyanarayana, et al., 14
. Our
results are in agreement with the results of Murray,
et al., 15
who reported that a significant increase
in egg production may be due to the presence of
vitamins and fat soluble unidentified factors (a
mixture of unsaturated fatty acids including
linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids) in herbs
mixture which have been determined as essential
for egg production.Abdalla, et al., 12
reported that
the supplementation layer diet with different
medicinal plants or their mixtures at different
levels has no significant effect on the amount of
feed intake through all experimental periods.
Results regarding of Fenugreek are compatible
with the finding of El-Kaiaty, et al.8
who indicated
that there were no effects of supplemented
Fenugreek on feed consumption for laying hens
and broilers.
Feed conversion ratios were significantly
(P<0.05) improved for all hen groups fed the
Fenugreek extract compared with those fed
control group through experimental periods. Layer
group (T4) fed the highest level of Fenu-greek
extract (15 ml/l) realized the best FCR during the
experimental periods (6 wks) compared with the
other treatments groups. Moreover, overall means
of FCR for all layer groups fed different levels of
Fenugreek extract were significantly (P<0.05)
improved compared with those for control group.
Similar patterns were also observed by Mona and
Amany 9
and Abaza 10
. El-Shayeb and Mabrouk
16
reported that Fenugreek can inhibit 85-90 % of
aflatoxins formation which leads to improving feed
conversion ratio improve-ment. The improvement
in egg production and FCR for layers fed diets
containing individual medicinal plants or their
mixtures in layer diets would suggest potential
beneficial effects of these additives on gastro-
intestinal tract microorganisms. Bhatti, et al., 17
revealed that Fenugreek has antibacterial activity
due to flavonoids content which improves the
balance of the intestinal flora and metabolites.
Moreover, herbs mixture improved the utilization
of feed by increasing the activity of phosphates
which act as transferring phosphate groups from
one system to another in the form of an energy
rich phosphate bond 18
. Mazur, et al., 19
demons-
trated that the presence of phytoestrogens in
Fenugreek may have a great value because of its
antifungal and antioxidant activities. Also, the
positive response of Fenu-greek on FCR may be
due to the effective role of trigonelline content of
the essential oil in Fenugreek and it has anti
carcinogenic, antiviral, and antifungal and
antioxidant activities.Antibody production against
SRBC in laying hens that fed high level of
Fenugreek extract supple-mentation was greater
than that of the other treatment (p<0.05). Serol-
ogical data from the present study showed that
the effectiveness of Fenugreek extract supple-
mentation on systemic immunity.
Conclusion
The present investigation suggested that supple-
mental Fenugreek extract to drinking water at a
level of 15 ml/l can improve production perfor-
mance and immune responses of laying hens.
Thus, supplementations of Fenugreek extract at
levels above recommended as nutritional require-
ments for improve humoral and cellular immunity.
In addition, improving performance and immune
responses of laying hens by Fenugreek extract
supplementation is relatively a novelty result, so
the more effect of Fenugreek extract could be
the subject of further investigations.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to staff of aviculture
laying hens for their useful and kind helps. Also
we would like to have a special thank to the
director of the Rezvan junior college for providing
a friendly environment and research facilities.
Conflict of interest
There was no conflict of interest in this experi-
mental study.
Jalal Bayati Zadeh et al., / TEOP 18 (6) 2015 1476 - 1481 1480
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