This study evaluated the immunostimulatory and antioxidant properties of Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as dates. Mice were injected with various concentrations of a Phoenix dactylifera extract. Results showed that the extract significantly increased phagocytic activity and reduced the half-life of carbon in the blood, indicating enhanced function of the reticuloendothelial system. The extract also significantly increased levels of the antioxidant glutathione in the liver. The concentration of 50 mg/kg produced the highest effects on phagocytosis and glutathione. Therefore, the study suggests that Phoenix dactylifera has immune-stimulating and antioxidant activities, with 50 mg/kg having the strongest impact.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Cestrum parqui L. aerial parts and Phytochemical ...Jing Zang
This study deals with the investigation of hepatoprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts and determination of the bioactive components of the plant. The hepatoprotective effect of Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) was analysed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. The administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (1ml/kg b.w.) causes an increase in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspirate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes and so pretreated orally of a dose from Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for three consecutive days prior to The administration of a single dose of CCl4 significantly prevented the increase in the activities of these enzymes. Histological analysis showed that Cestrum parqui methanol extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and silymarin reduced the incidence of liver lesions including vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes induced by CCl4. The extract cause a negative result on the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver, as compared to those in the CCl4-treated group and this suggests that the hepatoprotective activity of the extract is due to the antioxidant effect of the extract. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts showed that it contained different phytoconstituents, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenes and carbohydrates.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Afrofritomia...paperpublications3
Abstract: Methanolic extract of the leaf of Afrofritomia sylvestris was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The extract was evaluated using carragenaan-induced paw oedema in rats (anti-inflammatory effect) as well as acetic acid-induced writhing (analgesic effect) in mice, after intra-peritoneal injection of the extract (250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg). The negative control animals were given normal saline (10ml/kg) and the effects were compared with that of Acetylsalicylic acid (100mg/kg), as a positive control drug. Each experiment consisted of twenty five animals divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Tail immersion reaction time and Naloxone antagonism of the extracts and morphine were further used to investigate the mode of action of the analgesic activity of the leaf. The extract significantly inhibited carageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats (P<0.05-0.01)><0.01). The methanolic extract failed to raise the pain threshold of mice towards heat stimulus and Naloxone did not show any significant antagonism (blocking effect) against the extract in the tail immersion experiment, thus ruling out the involvement of opioid receptors in the mechanism of analgesic action of the extract. Phytochemical analyses of the plant show the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes and cyanogenic glycosides. The LD50 of the extract was determined to be 3050+223.65mg/kg using the method of Tainter and Miller.In this study, methanolic extract of Afrofritomia sylvestris leaf was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in the tested models.
The study aimed to examine the protective effects of taxifolin on cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: a healthy control group, a cisplatin group, and a taxifolin-cisplatin group. The cisplatin group was given cisplatin only, while the taxifolin-cisplatin group was given both taxifolin and cisplatin. After 14 days, biomarkers of kidney damage were measured in blood and tissue samples. Histological examination of kidney tissue was also performed. The results showed that cisplatin increased oxidative stress markers and kidney damage, while taxifolin prevented these effects of cisplatin and reduced kidney damage. The study demonstrated
In vivo studies of wound healing and hepatoprotective agentsAdarsh Patil
1) Various in vivo models are used to evaluate wound healing and hepatoprotective activity, including excision wounds, incision wounds, and burn wounds in rats.
2) Parameters like wound contraction, epithelization time, tensile strength and histopathology are measured to assess wound healing.
3) Hepatoprotective activity is evaluated by pre-treating animals with the test substance before inducing liver damage using toxins like CCl4, D-galactosamine, or paracetamol. Liver function is then assessed through serum enzymes and histopathology.
The document summarizes an investigation into the anti-inflammatory potential of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves. In in-vitro tests, the extract protected red blood cells from lysis at concentrations similar to diclofenac sodium. In in-vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema tests, the extract reduced inflammation at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, though not as effectively as diclofenac sodium. The study thus demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of T. divaricata leaf extract in both in-vitro and in-vivo models.
This study investigated the toxicity and genotoxicity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil in mice after repeated oral intake over 21 days. The researchers found no evidence of toxicity based on measurements of body and organ weights, histological examination of tissues, urinalysis, and clinical biochemistry. Additionally, lemongrass essential oil reduced blood cholesterol levels at the highest dose tested. The comet assay also showed no genotoxic effects. The study concluded that lemongrass intake at the doses used in traditional medicine is safe, and may have beneficial effects in reducing blood cholesterol.
This study analyzed 31 Thai medicinal plant species commonly used in traditional medicine in northeast Thailand. The plants were grouped into digestive tonic, diarrheal relief, anti-tussive, and anti-inflammation categories based on their traditional uses. The study determined total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content, and levels of some phytochemicals for the plants. The results showed variation in these biochemical parameters among the different plant groups. Anti-tussive plants generally had higher total antioxidant activity and phenolic/ascorbic acid levels than diarrheal relief and anti-inflammation plants. Digestive tonic plants exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Cestrum parqui L. aerial parts and Phytochemical ...Jing Zang
This study deals with the investigation of hepatoprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts and determination of the bioactive components of the plant. The hepatoprotective effect of Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) was analysed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. The administration of a single dose of 40% CCl4 (1ml/kg b.w.) causes an increase in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspirate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes and so pretreated orally of a dose from Cestrum parqui methanol extract (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for three consecutive days prior to The administration of a single dose of CCl4 significantly prevented the increase in the activities of these enzymes. Histological analysis showed that Cestrum parqui methanol extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and silymarin reduced the incidence of liver lesions including vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes induced by CCl4. The extract cause a negative result on the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver, as compared to those in the CCl4-treated group and this suggests that the hepatoprotective activity of the extract is due to the antioxidant effect of the extract. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract from Cestrum parqui aerial parts showed that it contained different phytoconstituents, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenes and carbohydrates.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Afrofritomia...paperpublications3
Abstract: Methanolic extract of the leaf of Afrofritomia sylvestris was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The extract was evaluated using carragenaan-induced paw oedema in rats (anti-inflammatory effect) as well as acetic acid-induced writhing (analgesic effect) in mice, after intra-peritoneal injection of the extract (250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg). The negative control animals were given normal saline (10ml/kg) and the effects were compared with that of Acetylsalicylic acid (100mg/kg), as a positive control drug. Each experiment consisted of twenty five animals divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Tail immersion reaction time and Naloxone antagonism of the extracts and morphine were further used to investigate the mode of action of the analgesic activity of the leaf. The extract significantly inhibited carageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats (P<0.05-0.01)><0.01). The methanolic extract failed to raise the pain threshold of mice towards heat stimulus and Naloxone did not show any significant antagonism (blocking effect) against the extract in the tail immersion experiment, thus ruling out the involvement of opioid receptors in the mechanism of analgesic action of the extract. Phytochemical analyses of the plant show the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes and cyanogenic glycosides. The LD50 of the extract was determined to be 3050+223.65mg/kg using the method of Tainter and Miller.In this study, methanolic extract of Afrofritomia sylvestris leaf was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in the tested models.
The study aimed to examine the protective effects of taxifolin on cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: a healthy control group, a cisplatin group, and a taxifolin-cisplatin group. The cisplatin group was given cisplatin only, while the taxifolin-cisplatin group was given both taxifolin and cisplatin. After 14 days, biomarkers of kidney damage were measured in blood and tissue samples. Histological examination of kidney tissue was also performed. The results showed that cisplatin increased oxidative stress markers and kidney damage, while taxifolin prevented these effects of cisplatin and reduced kidney damage. The study demonstrated
In vivo studies of wound healing and hepatoprotective agentsAdarsh Patil
1) Various in vivo models are used to evaluate wound healing and hepatoprotective activity, including excision wounds, incision wounds, and burn wounds in rats.
2) Parameters like wound contraction, epithelization time, tensile strength and histopathology are measured to assess wound healing.
3) Hepatoprotective activity is evaluated by pre-treating animals with the test substance before inducing liver damage using toxins like CCl4, D-galactosamine, or paracetamol. Liver function is then assessed through serum enzymes and histopathology.
The document summarizes an investigation into the anti-inflammatory potential of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves. In in-vitro tests, the extract protected red blood cells from lysis at concentrations similar to diclofenac sodium. In in-vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema tests, the extract reduced inflammation at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, though not as effectively as diclofenac sodium. The study thus demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of T. divaricata leaf extract in both in-vitro and in-vivo models.
This study investigated the toxicity and genotoxicity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil in mice after repeated oral intake over 21 days. The researchers found no evidence of toxicity based on measurements of body and organ weights, histological examination of tissues, urinalysis, and clinical biochemistry. Additionally, lemongrass essential oil reduced blood cholesterol levels at the highest dose tested. The comet assay also showed no genotoxic effects. The study concluded that lemongrass intake at the doses used in traditional medicine is safe, and may have beneficial effects in reducing blood cholesterol.
This study analyzed 31 Thai medicinal plant species commonly used in traditional medicine in northeast Thailand. The plants were grouped into digestive tonic, diarrheal relief, anti-tussive, and anti-inflammation categories based on their traditional uses. The study determined total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content, and levels of some phytochemicals for the plants. The results showed variation in these biochemical parameters among the different plant groups. Anti-tussive plants generally had higher total antioxidant activity and phenolic/ascorbic acid levels than diarrheal relief and anti-inflammation plants. Digestive tonic plants exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity.
chức năng chống oxy hóa và kháng khuẩn của cây sảCong Tai
This document describes a study that evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus) extracts obtained using different solvents. Leaf extracts from C. citratus were tested against various human pathogens using disc diffusion assays and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The results showed that chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of C. citratus exhibited maximum inhibition zones against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris. The extracts also demonstrated antioxidant effects by scavenging DPPH radicals and protecting DNA from oxidative damage. The study suggests that lemongrass plant extracts have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that could offer health benefits.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the genotoxic effects of an aqueous extract of Goji berry (Lyciumbarbarum) using micronucleus and comet assays in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: an experimental group that received 200 mg/kg of the Goji berry extract orally, a positive control group that received cyclophosphamide, and a negative control group. The comet assay showed no significant increase in DNA damage in the experimental group compared to the negative control group at 4 or 24 hours. The micronucleus test also found no significant difference in micronuclei between the experimental and negative control groups for acute or chronic exposure. The results suggest that the Goji berry
This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of cow urine and its distillate. The cow urine and distillate were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals using two in vitro assays and for their antimicrobial activity against several microbes. The results showed that both the cow urine and its distillate exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the growth of microbes. The fresh cow urine demonstrated stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial effects compared to its distillate. These findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of cow urine as a medicine in India.
In-vitro evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic activity of leaf extract...SREEJITH P S
The document evaluates the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of Kigelia africana through various assays. Phytochemical analysis of the plant's aqueous leaf extract showed presence of glycosides, saponins, steroids, phenols, and tannins. In vitro assays demonstrated the extract's antioxidant properties including DPPH radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. Anti-diabetic evaluation found the extract inhibited alpha-amylase activity and non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin while enhancing glucose uptake in yeast cells. Overall, the study suggests Kigelia africana has antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects and may help manage type 2 diabetes.
This document provides information about a PhD scholar named Haseeb Ahsan who is exploring the therapeutic potential of Naproxen derivatives in treating rheumatoid arthritis under the supervision of Dr. Alamgeer. It introduces rheumatoid arthritis and issues with current treatments. The scholar hypothesizes that newly synthesized Naproxen derivatives will have anti-arthritic effects and safety. The document outlines plans to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds in vitro and in animal models of arthritis, and to assess toxicity.
In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of oral poly herbal formulations rashmi y...thepharmacyjournal
Aim: To evaluate the In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Oral poly herbal formulations.
Methodology: The In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by protein denaturation method using Egg's albumin and Bovine serum albumin. The Hydro-alcoholic extracts of the plants used for the preparation of six poly herbal formulations. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of all poly herbal formulations were estimated by protein denaturation method using Egg's albumin and Bovine serum albumin at 50 - 250 μg/ml concentrations. The result was assessed UV spectrophotometer at 660nm and compared with the diclofenac sodium as standard drug.
Result: The result revealed that the all six oral poly herbal formulations possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity. But the formulations F5 and F6 exhibited the maximum percentage inhibition of Protein denaturation at 200μg/ml concentration 86.07% (using Egg's albumin) and 85.14% (using Bovine serum albumin) as compared to others formulations. The standard drug diclofenac sod. showed 98.06, 97.91% inhibition for Bovine serum and Egg's albumin methods, respectively.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the formulations is an effective inhibitor of protein denaturation and showed potent anti- inflammatory activity.
This document summarizes the results of a study that investigated the dose-dependent effects of ginger in inhibiting oxidative stress and genotoxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male rats were divided into several groups, including a control group, diabetic non-treated group, and diabetic groups treated with 0.5%, 1%, or 5% ginger powder. Ginger treatment was found to reduce blood glucose and lipid levels, modulate antioxidant enzymes, and reduce DNA damage and genotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner compared to untreated diabetic rats. The study suggests that ginger exerts protective effects against diabetes by reducing oxidative stress and genotoxicity in a dose-response manner.
This study evaluated the antiasthmatic potential of a polyherbal formulation containing extracts of four plants - Solanum xanthocarpum, Aegle marmelos, Caesalpinia bonduc, and Murraya koenigii. Experimental models in rats and guinea pigs were used to assess mast cell stabilization, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic effects. The results demonstrated that the polyherbal formulation dose-dependently inhibited mast cell degranulation and protected against histamine- and acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, suggesting antiasthmatic effects through mast cell membrane stabilization, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic mechanisms of action. This
Bioavailability Studies of Ketorolac Tromethamine Fast Dissolving Tablets Pre...IOSR Journals
This study was concerned with the investigation of acute pharmacological responses (pharmacodynamics) including analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ketorolac tromethamine fast dissolving tablets prepared by direct compression method using 3% croscarmellose sodium as a superdisintegrant by applying tail flick test and carragenan induced rat paw edema test respectively. Also, the work aimed to develop a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of ketorolac tromethamine in human plasma samples released from fast dissolving tablets. Also, to estimate whether the prepared tablet dosage form increases the bioavailability of ketorolac tromethamine in the body compared to marketed conventional tablet. From this study, it could be inferred that ketorolac tromethamine fast dissolving tablets (G5) containing (3% corscarmellose sodium as a superdisintegrant, 30% Avicel pH102, 5% aspartame, 1% talc, 1% magnesium stearate, and mannitol Q.S.) and prepared by direct compression method could be considered as a promising formula to enhance bioavilability of the drug.
The document describes a study that evaluated the laxative effect of the ethanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides L. (EEAC) in experimental albino rats. EEAC at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly increased faecal output and frequency compared to the control group, demonstrating laxative properties. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of compounds like flavonoids and terpenoids in EEAC that may be responsible for the laxative effect. The results substantiate the traditional use of Ageratum conyzoides L. as a laxative agent.
ABSTRACT- The invitro anti-inflammatory activity of various solvent fractions of Parkia biglobosa fruit bark was investigated using human red blood cell membrane stabilization, heat-induced hemolysis and protein denaturation methods. All the extracts of P. biglobosa fruit bark showed a concentration dependent increase in anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the crude extract (60.8%, 58.3%, 78.2%) and last remaining aqueous extract (61.1%, 54.1%, 77.2%) have the maximum membrane stabilization, protection against hemolysis and albumin denatura-tion respectively which was comparable to Diclofenac sodium (61.4%, 60.6%, 100%) at 400μg/ml concentration. This study suggests that P. biglobo-sa fruit bark posses enough potential to reduce inflammation, hence directs the importance of further research and development of novel anti-inflammatory agents. Key words- Invitro anti-inflammatory, fruit bark, HRBC membrane stabilization, hemolysis, protection
Biochemical and pharmacological study of biologically active preparation of p...inventionjournals
Our aim was to perform some biochemical and pharmacological studies of bioactive bovine placental preparation via digestion of cow placenta using enzyme contained in swine stomach. Amino acid compositions and contents in biologically active preparation of placenta, obtained by digestion of cow placenta with enzyme contained in swine stomach were measured by HPLC technique and it was found that contents of such amino acids as glycine, proline and lysine were highest and 9 essential amino acids, including valine, histidine, methionine, lysine, threonine, arginine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine were measured. In pharmacological study, acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation and effect of the preparation on immune response to sheep erythrocyte were investigated in white mice, weighing 18 to 20 g each. The study revealed acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation was 60 ml per kg. Spleen index of the first and second experimental group animals treated by the preparation during both provoked and unprovoked immune responses increased by 1.2 to 3.09 times as compared to that of negative control animals, while splenocyte count elevated by 1.2 to 2.2 times than negative control animals. Higher contents of essential amino acids of the biologically active preparation of cattle placenta shows its biologically higher nutritive value, as well as pharmacological study reveals the preparation has minimal toxicity and higher effect to stimulate immune responses.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
INVESTIGATION OF IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF ARTABOTRYS...Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan
The methanolic extract of bark of Artabotrys hexapetalus were investigated for in-vitro anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity was done using the brine shrimp lethality bio-assay. The crude methanolic extract showed significant cytotoxic potential (LC50 value of 7.688 μg/ml) comparing with that of standard vincristine (0.839 μg/ml). The other study was undertaken to evaluate anthelmintic activity where albendazole was used as reference standard. Methanolic extract of barks (50 mg/ml) caused paralysis of the worms at 68.33 minutes and death at 84.0 minutes while albendazole (positive control) paralyzed and killed the worms at 17 minutes and 48 minutes respectively at the concentration of 10 mg/ml. The study confirms the significant anthelmintic activities of bark extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus and therefore demands the isolation of active principles through bioassay.
Protective Effect of Alysicarpus Monilifer L., Against CCl4 induced Hepatotox...ijtsrd
Alysicarpus monilifer L. is a widely used plant in the north coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, has been used in indigenous system of medicine. The roots are used for the treatment of leprosy and urinary troubles. The decoction of roots is prescribed for cough. The boiled leaves are used as purgative. The herb is credited with anti- pyretic, anti- periodic and expectorant properties, febrifuge and also recommended for cutanious scabies and boils and to cure pain. Acute toxicity tests were conducted as per OECD guidelines on Alysicarpus monilifer L. whole plant. The hydro-alcoholic extract of the aerial parts at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg b.w., was tested in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity of rats followed by histopathological examination of the isolated livers of the control and the treated groups . The potential effects in protecting liver function by reducing the elevated levels of various serum biochemical parameters in a dose dependent manner, reducing oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in the rat model of CCl4 “induced liver damage was demonstrated. The results showed significant protective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. The study on qualitative phytochemical screening also identified some important bioactive phytochemical principles such as steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates and glycosides in this plant which were also validated as antioxidants and biologically active phytoconstituents. This report of hepatoprotective activity of Alysicarpus monilifer L. throws light on attenuation of hepatotoxic effects of CCl4 challenged rats by membrane stabilization through antioxidation K. Manikya Kumari | V. Padmaja"Protective Effect of Alysicarpus Monilifer L., Against CCl4 induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd114.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/114/protective-effect-of-alysicarpus-monilifer-l-against-ccl4-induced-hepatotoxicity-in-albino-rats/k-manikya-kumari
In Vitro Anti Inflammatory and Anti Arthritic Activity of Commelina benghalen...SriramNagarajan16
Introduction
Commelina benghalensis L. commonly known as Benghal dayflower, belongs to the family Commelinaceae. It
is widely used for the treatment of wounds and skin diseases.
Aim
The current study focuses on the evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic property of the leaf
extracts ofCommelina benghalensis L.
Methods
The hydroalcoholic extract (70%) of Commelina benghalensis L. (Leaf) was subjected to anti-inflammatory and
anti arthritic activity by membrane stabilisation and inhibition of protein denaturation method were determined.
Results
The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HAECB in HRBC membrane stabilization study was found to be 69µg/ml in
comparison with diclofenac sodium 57µg/ml. It showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity. The inhibitory
concentration (IC50) of HAECB in protein denaturation was found to be 17µg/ml in comparison with diclofenac
sodium 14µg/ml. It showed moderate anti-arthritic activity.
Conclusion
HAECB showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity which may be due to the strong occurrence of
polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, tannins and phenols. HAECB has shown moderate anti-arthritic
activity which may be due to the phenolic constituent.
Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities on Catunaregum spinosapharmaindexing
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the methanol extract of Catunaregum spinosa (MECS) in Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) bearing mice. MECS was administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 14 days after tumor inoculation. MECS caused a decrease in tumor volume, viable cell count, and packed cell volume, while increasing lifespan. It also positively impacted hematological and biochemical parameters and increased antioxidant levels. The results suggest MECS has significant antitumor effects in DAL-bearing mice.
Tessa Foy received certification from February 2, 2016 through February 1, 2017 according to the document. The document provides the name Tessa Foy and dates of her certification from February 2, 2016 to February 1, 2017.
Este documento fornece orientações sobre como os conselhos de administração podem abordar a segurança digital de maneira estratégica, considerando-a um problema de gestão de riscos em vez de tecnológico. Ele destaca cinco pilares chave: 1) entender segurança digital como gestão de riscos, 2) fornecer métricas significativas, 3) compreender regulamentações, 4) identificar níveis de risco aceitáveis, e 5) adotar uma estrutura de gestão de riscos digital. O documento também lista cinco áreas cruc
chức năng chống oxy hóa và kháng khuẩn của cây sảCong Tai
This document describes a study that evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus) extracts obtained using different solvents. Leaf extracts from C. citratus were tested against various human pathogens using disc diffusion assays and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The results showed that chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of C. citratus exhibited maximum inhibition zones against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris. The extracts also demonstrated antioxidant effects by scavenging DPPH radicals and protecting DNA from oxidative damage. The study suggests that lemongrass plant extracts have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that could offer health benefits.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the genotoxic effects of an aqueous extract of Goji berry (Lyciumbarbarum) using micronucleus and comet assays in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: an experimental group that received 200 mg/kg of the Goji berry extract orally, a positive control group that received cyclophosphamide, and a negative control group. The comet assay showed no significant increase in DNA damage in the experimental group compared to the negative control group at 4 or 24 hours. The micronucleus test also found no significant difference in micronuclei between the experimental and negative control groups for acute or chronic exposure. The results suggest that the Goji berry
This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of cow urine and its distillate. The cow urine and distillate were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals using two in vitro assays and for their antimicrobial activity against several microbes. The results showed that both the cow urine and its distillate exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the growth of microbes. The fresh cow urine demonstrated stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial effects compared to its distillate. These findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of cow urine as a medicine in India.
In-vitro evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-diabetic activity of leaf extract...SREEJITH P S
The document evaluates the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of Kigelia africana through various assays. Phytochemical analysis of the plant's aqueous leaf extract showed presence of glycosides, saponins, steroids, phenols, and tannins. In vitro assays demonstrated the extract's antioxidant properties including DPPH radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. Anti-diabetic evaluation found the extract inhibited alpha-amylase activity and non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin while enhancing glucose uptake in yeast cells. Overall, the study suggests Kigelia africana has antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects and may help manage type 2 diabetes.
This document provides information about a PhD scholar named Haseeb Ahsan who is exploring the therapeutic potential of Naproxen derivatives in treating rheumatoid arthritis under the supervision of Dr. Alamgeer. It introduces rheumatoid arthritis and issues with current treatments. The scholar hypothesizes that newly synthesized Naproxen derivatives will have anti-arthritic effects and safety. The document outlines plans to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds in vitro and in animal models of arthritis, and to assess toxicity.
In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of oral poly herbal formulations rashmi y...thepharmacyjournal
Aim: To evaluate the In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Oral poly herbal formulations.
Methodology: The In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by protein denaturation method using Egg's albumin and Bovine serum albumin. The Hydro-alcoholic extracts of the plants used for the preparation of six poly herbal formulations. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of all poly herbal formulations were estimated by protein denaturation method using Egg's albumin and Bovine serum albumin at 50 - 250 μg/ml concentrations. The result was assessed UV spectrophotometer at 660nm and compared with the diclofenac sodium as standard drug.
Result: The result revealed that the all six oral poly herbal formulations possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity. But the formulations F5 and F6 exhibited the maximum percentage inhibition of Protein denaturation at 200μg/ml concentration 86.07% (using Egg's albumin) and 85.14% (using Bovine serum albumin) as compared to others formulations. The standard drug diclofenac sod. showed 98.06, 97.91% inhibition for Bovine serum and Egg's albumin methods, respectively.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the formulations is an effective inhibitor of protein denaturation and showed potent anti- inflammatory activity.
This document summarizes the results of a study that investigated the dose-dependent effects of ginger in inhibiting oxidative stress and genotoxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male rats were divided into several groups, including a control group, diabetic non-treated group, and diabetic groups treated with 0.5%, 1%, or 5% ginger powder. Ginger treatment was found to reduce blood glucose and lipid levels, modulate antioxidant enzymes, and reduce DNA damage and genotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner compared to untreated diabetic rats. The study suggests that ginger exerts protective effects against diabetes by reducing oxidative stress and genotoxicity in a dose-response manner.
This study evaluated the antiasthmatic potential of a polyherbal formulation containing extracts of four plants - Solanum xanthocarpum, Aegle marmelos, Caesalpinia bonduc, and Murraya koenigii. Experimental models in rats and guinea pigs were used to assess mast cell stabilization, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic effects. The results demonstrated that the polyherbal formulation dose-dependently inhibited mast cell degranulation and protected against histamine- and acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, suggesting antiasthmatic effects through mast cell membrane stabilization, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic mechanisms of action. This
Bioavailability Studies of Ketorolac Tromethamine Fast Dissolving Tablets Pre...IOSR Journals
This study was concerned with the investigation of acute pharmacological responses (pharmacodynamics) including analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ketorolac tromethamine fast dissolving tablets prepared by direct compression method using 3% croscarmellose sodium as a superdisintegrant by applying tail flick test and carragenan induced rat paw edema test respectively. Also, the work aimed to develop a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of ketorolac tromethamine in human plasma samples released from fast dissolving tablets. Also, to estimate whether the prepared tablet dosage form increases the bioavailability of ketorolac tromethamine in the body compared to marketed conventional tablet. From this study, it could be inferred that ketorolac tromethamine fast dissolving tablets (G5) containing (3% corscarmellose sodium as a superdisintegrant, 30% Avicel pH102, 5% aspartame, 1% talc, 1% magnesium stearate, and mannitol Q.S.) and prepared by direct compression method could be considered as a promising formula to enhance bioavilability of the drug.
The document describes a study that evaluated the laxative effect of the ethanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides L. (EEAC) in experimental albino rats. EEAC at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly increased faecal output and frequency compared to the control group, demonstrating laxative properties. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of compounds like flavonoids and terpenoids in EEAC that may be responsible for the laxative effect. The results substantiate the traditional use of Ageratum conyzoides L. as a laxative agent.
ABSTRACT- The invitro anti-inflammatory activity of various solvent fractions of Parkia biglobosa fruit bark was investigated using human red blood cell membrane stabilization, heat-induced hemolysis and protein denaturation methods. All the extracts of P. biglobosa fruit bark showed a concentration dependent increase in anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the crude extract (60.8%, 58.3%, 78.2%) and last remaining aqueous extract (61.1%, 54.1%, 77.2%) have the maximum membrane stabilization, protection against hemolysis and albumin denatura-tion respectively which was comparable to Diclofenac sodium (61.4%, 60.6%, 100%) at 400μg/ml concentration. This study suggests that P. biglobo-sa fruit bark posses enough potential to reduce inflammation, hence directs the importance of further research and development of novel anti-inflammatory agents. Key words- Invitro anti-inflammatory, fruit bark, HRBC membrane stabilization, hemolysis, protection
Biochemical and pharmacological study of biologically active preparation of p...inventionjournals
Our aim was to perform some biochemical and pharmacological studies of bioactive bovine placental preparation via digestion of cow placenta using enzyme contained in swine stomach. Amino acid compositions and contents in biologically active preparation of placenta, obtained by digestion of cow placenta with enzyme contained in swine stomach were measured by HPLC technique and it was found that contents of such amino acids as glycine, proline and lysine were highest and 9 essential amino acids, including valine, histidine, methionine, lysine, threonine, arginine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine were measured. In pharmacological study, acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation and effect of the preparation on immune response to sheep erythrocyte were investigated in white mice, weighing 18 to 20 g each. The study revealed acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation was 60 ml per kg. Spleen index of the first and second experimental group animals treated by the preparation during both provoked and unprovoked immune responses increased by 1.2 to 3.09 times as compared to that of negative control animals, while splenocyte count elevated by 1.2 to 2.2 times than negative control animals. Higher contents of essential amino acids of the biologically active preparation of cattle placenta shows its biologically higher nutritive value, as well as pharmacological study reveals the preparation has minimal toxicity and higher effect to stimulate immune responses.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
INVESTIGATION OF IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF ARTABOTRYS...Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan
The methanolic extract of bark of Artabotrys hexapetalus were investigated for in-vitro anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity was done using the brine shrimp lethality bio-assay. The crude methanolic extract showed significant cytotoxic potential (LC50 value of 7.688 μg/ml) comparing with that of standard vincristine (0.839 μg/ml). The other study was undertaken to evaluate anthelmintic activity where albendazole was used as reference standard. Methanolic extract of barks (50 mg/ml) caused paralysis of the worms at 68.33 minutes and death at 84.0 minutes while albendazole (positive control) paralyzed and killed the worms at 17 minutes and 48 minutes respectively at the concentration of 10 mg/ml. The study confirms the significant anthelmintic activities of bark extract of Artabotrys hexapetalus and therefore demands the isolation of active principles through bioassay.
Protective Effect of Alysicarpus Monilifer L., Against CCl4 induced Hepatotox...ijtsrd
Alysicarpus monilifer L. is a widely used plant in the north coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, has been used in indigenous system of medicine. The roots are used for the treatment of leprosy and urinary troubles. The decoction of roots is prescribed for cough. The boiled leaves are used as purgative. The herb is credited with anti- pyretic, anti- periodic and expectorant properties, febrifuge and also recommended for cutanious scabies and boils and to cure pain. Acute toxicity tests were conducted as per OECD guidelines on Alysicarpus monilifer L. whole plant. The hydro-alcoholic extract of the aerial parts at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg b.w., was tested in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity of rats followed by histopathological examination of the isolated livers of the control and the treated groups . The potential effects in protecting liver function by reducing the elevated levels of various serum biochemical parameters in a dose dependent manner, reducing oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in the rat model of CCl4 “induced liver damage was demonstrated. The results showed significant protective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. The study on qualitative phytochemical screening also identified some important bioactive phytochemical principles such as steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates and glycosides in this plant which were also validated as antioxidants and biologically active phytoconstituents. This report of hepatoprotective activity of Alysicarpus monilifer L. throws light on attenuation of hepatotoxic effects of CCl4 challenged rats by membrane stabilization through antioxidation K. Manikya Kumari | V. Padmaja"Protective Effect of Alysicarpus Monilifer L., Against CCl4 induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd114.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/114/protective-effect-of-alysicarpus-monilifer-l-against-ccl4-induced-hepatotoxicity-in-albino-rats/k-manikya-kumari
In Vitro Anti Inflammatory and Anti Arthritic Activity of Commelina benghalen...SriramNagarajan16
Introduction
Commelina benghalensis L. commonly known as Benghal dayflower, belongs to the family Commelinaceae. It
is widely used for the treatment of wounds and skin diseases.
Aim
The current study focuses on the evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic property of the leaf
extracts ofCommelina benghalensis L.
Methods
The hydroalcoholic extract (70%) of Commelina benghalensis L. (Leaf) was subjected to anti-inflammatory and
anti arthritic activity by membrane stabilisation and inhibition of protein denaturation method were determined.
Results
The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HAECB in HRBC membrane stabilization study was found to be 69µg/ml in
comparison with diclofenac sodium 57µg/ml. It showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity. The inhibitory
concentration (IC50) of HAECB in protein denaturation was found to be 17µg/ml in comparison with diclofenac
sodium 14µg/ml. It showed moderate anti-arthritic activity.
Conclusion
HAECB showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity which may be due to the strong occurrence of
polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, tannins and phenols. HAECB has shown moderate anti-arthritic
activity which may be due to the phenolic constituent.
Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities on Catunaregum spinosapharmaindexing
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the methanol extract of Catunaregum spinosa (MECS) in Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) bearing mice. MECS was administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 14 days after tumor inoculation. MECS caused a decrease in tumor volume, viable cell count, and packed cell volume, while increasing lifespan. It also positively impacted hematological and biochemical parameters and increased antioxidant levels. The results suggest MECS has significant antitumor effects in DAL-bearing mice.
Tessa Foy received certification from February 2, 2016 through February 1, 2017 according to the document. The document provides the name Tessa Foy and dates of her certification from February 2, 2016 to February 1, 2017.
Este documento fornece orientações sobre como os conselhos de administração podem abordar a segurança digital de maneira estratégica, considerando-a um problema de gestão de riscos em vez de tecnológico. Ele destaca cinco pilares chave: 1) entender segurança digital como gestão de riscos, 2) fornecer métricas significativas, 3) compreender regulamentações, 4) identificar níveis de risco aceitáveis, e 5) adotar uma estrutura de gestão de riscos digital. O documento também lista cinco áreas cruc
Folio del documento judicial sobre declaración de culpabilidad del señor Abra...Óscar Luna
Elliott Abrams, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from 1985-1988, misled Congress about the US government's knowledge and involvement in supplying weapons to the Contras in Nicaragua. While the Boland Amendment prohibited US lethal aid to the Contras, Abrams was aware that Oliver North was in contact with private individuals supplying arms. Abrams provided false testimony to Congress by denying any US encouragement of or coordination with these supply efforts. He also denied that any foreign governments were assisting the Contras, despite knowing that Brunei had contributed $10 million through Swiss bank accounts provided by North.
The document provides instructions for making basic pinch pots and discusses Japanese tea bowls. It explains that the earliest tea bowls in Japan were imported from China between the 13th and 16th centuries and were acquired by Japanese priests. It describes Japanese tea bowls as small to medium sized bowls without handles, used for drinking hot tea. The document notes that tea bowls are used for social events and create a connection between host and guest, and that styles are used for different types of tea.
Wolf & Wilhelmine x Miami Ad School - Qual 101Valerie Nguyen
Wolf & Wilhelmine (W&W) is a brand strategy agency founded due to frustration with industry standards. Their brand purpose is "Do great work, live great lives" as they believe high quality work and lives are linked. W&W builds bespoke teams for each project led by an "Alpha" strategist paired with a project manager or experience producer. They provide strategic brand consulting through rigorous analysis blended with new perspectives to help clients lead in meaning and relevance.
Este documento describe el sistema de coordenadas polares, incluyendo cómo se definen las coordenadas polares de un punto, la relación entre coordenadas polares y rectangulares, y cómo convertir entre los dos sistemas. También explica cómo graficar curvas dadas por ecuaciones polares y encontrar las ecuaciones de curvas de segundo grado en coordenadas polares. Finalmente, presenta ejemplos numéricos para ilustrar los conceptos.
The document discusses the benefits of purchasing products from utsource.net. It notes that utsource.net provides convenience as it allows customers to shop from home with just a few clicks. It also offers bespoke solutions by allowing customers to purchase exactly what they want rather than pushing certain products. Finally, utsource.net promises fast delivery through partnerships with major delivery services and has earned trust from its 10 million customers.
Studying the Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Properties of The A...iosrphr_editor
The document describes a study that investigated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties of the aqueous extract of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) in experimental animal models. The extract showed significant anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan, dextran, and histamine-induced paw edema models, as well as in a cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. It also exhibited analgesic effects in acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests. Additionally, the extract reduced yeast-induced hyperpyrexia in rats. The study demonstrates that the aqueous extract of parsley possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities.
Antidiabetic and Cytoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of SalaciaNitida ...IOSRJPBS
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antidiabetic and cytoprotective effects of the ethanolic root extract of Salacia nitida on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Key findings of the study include:
1) The ethanolic extract of S. nitida roots showed significant antidiabetic activity, demonstrated by a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose levels and increase in body weight of treated diabetic rats.
2) Histological examination showed the extract helped restore damaged pancreatic and kidney tissues in treated diabetic rats closer to normal.
3) The extract demonstrated significant glucose tolerance effects and may lower blood glucose through mechanisms like stimulating insulin production or protecting pancreatic beta cells.
Protective effects of commelina benghalensis linn (root) extract on ethanol i...IJSIT Editor
The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of
alcoholic (AlE) and aqueous extract (AqE) from Commelina benghalensis root (CB) on EtOH-induced hepatic
injury in Wistar rat. Hepatotoxic parameters studied in vivo include serum transaminases (AST, and ALT),
ALP, bilirubin, protein, lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and HDL) and level of antioxidants
together with histopathological examination. Liv 52® was used as a reference hepatoprotective agent
(5ml/kg-1b.w.). AlE and AqE (200 mg/kg-1b.w.) on oral administration decreased the level of AST, ALP, ALT,
bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, MDA and increased the level of protein, HDL and antioxidants (SOD,
GSH and CAT) in rats being treated with ethanol (EtOH). Pentobarbitone -induced sleeping time study was
carried out to verify the effect on microsomal enzymes Histopathological observations confirmed the
beneficial roles of MF against EtOH-induced liver injury in rats. Possible mechanism may involve their
antioxidant activity
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Genotoxicity of Goji Berry (Lyciumbarbarum) In Vivo Mammalian Cellsinventionjournals
Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) belongs to family Salonaceae which is found in China and Himalayan. This herb is used to prevent various diseases and in medical treatments as an alternative medicine being widely used for its antioxidant and revitalizing potential effects. In recent years, Gojji has become increasingly popular in Europe and North America as a "superfruit" and dietary supplement. The belief that herbal products do not bring any risk to health, is part of popular culture. However the term "natural" assigned to many products cannot assure no health risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) by micronucleus test and comet assay. Thirty Rattus norvegicus were divided into three equal groups: 1) experimental group, submitted to Gojji berry (200mg/kg orally); 2) positive control group (cyclophosphamide), and; 3) negative control group (distilled water). Micronucleus Tests were done by smear method of bone marrow cells performed after 48h for acute, and 72h for chronic exposure. The comet assay was performed on peripheral blood taken from the tail of each animal 4h, and 24h after intervention. Cytotoxicity was assessed by observing the DNA damage measuring the percentage of DNA in the tail (% DNA- measurement of the proportion of the total DNA present in the tail) and the tail moment (TM-tail length times the percentage of DNA in the tail), calculated by 100 nucleoids per animal and the presence of micronuclei in 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes per animal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test at 5% significance was used comparing the results. The data showed no significant difference in the frequency of DNA damage and the number of micronuclei between the experimental group and the negative control group. The results also suggest that the aqueous extract of Lyciumbarbarum (Gojji berry) at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed no genotoxic effect, which could, to a certain point, justifies its use.
Antinociceptive and Diuretic Activities of Tagetes erecta LinnJing Zang
In the present investigation, the possible antinociceptive and diuretic activities of methanolic extract of Tagetes erecta has been tested in animal models. The methanol extract of both aerial part and root of the plant exhibited significant antinociceptive activity at higher dose (400 mg/kg body weight) in Swiss albino mice. The root extract was found to reduce the writhing more effectively than that of aerial part which is comparable to that produced by aminopyrine, used as standard drug. In addition, crude whole plant extract was also showed efficient diuresis at higher dose 400 mg/kg tested. Diuretic activity was proved by the electrolyte loss ratio (Na+/K+ excretion ratio) and we used furosemide as the reference.
This study examined the effects of feeding ginger to rats on the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes. Rats were fed diets with various concentrations of ginger (0.1%, 0.5%, and 5% ginger) for 1.5 months. Some rats were then injected with benzo(a)pyrene, a carcinogen. The activities of several phase II drug metabolizing enzymes (GST, QR, UDPGT, AHH) were measured in tissues. Ginger intake stimulated GST and QR activity in the liver, lungs, and kidneys of rats treated with the carcinogen. However, ginger did not significantly affect UDPGT or AHH activity. The results suggest that ginger intake can enhance the body's
Phytochemical Profile and in vitro and in vivo Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant...Self-employed researcher
This study presents the phytochemical profile and in vitro and in
vivo anticonvulsant and antioxidant activities of Epilobium hirsutum, which
has been traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy by local people of
Turkey. In vitro studies revealed that the extract contained a pronounced
amount of phenolics (206.3±0.9 mg Gallic acid Eq/g extract) and exhibited
significant levels of antioxidant (FRAP; 6226 µmol Fe2+/g extract, ORAC;
6593 µmol Trolox Eq/g extract, DPPH; IC50:33.8 ug/mL and metal chelation;
IC50:114 ug/mL) and anticonvulsant (AChE; IC50:71.2 ug/mL, BChE; IC50:92.5
ug/mL, GABA-T; IC50:94.7 ug/mL) activities. In vivo studies shown that the
the extract exhibited high anticonvulsant activities. In addition, the extracts
regulated the behavior, locomotion, and mental activities of the mice tested.
Biochemical evaluation of the brain tissue revealed that the extract inhibited
the production of MDA and stimulated the increase of antioxidant enzyme
levels, which suggest the possible antioxidative role of the extract that worked
as neuroprotective agents by scarfing the free radicals produced through PTZ
seizure inducer and attenuate convulsions. Moreover the extract regulated
serum biochemical parameters, total antioxidants, total oxidant, and ischemia modified albumin levels. Chromatographic studies were revealed that gallic
acid principally might be the major contributor of anticonvulsant and
antioxidant activities with the additive contributions of fatty acids and mineral
compounds. Findings obtained from this study partially justified the traditional
use of Epilobium hirsutum in the treatment of epilepsy and suggest potential
use of the extract as an industrial or pharmaceutical agent.
Luteolin isolate from the methanol extract identified as the single-carbon co...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Influence of gongronema latifolium leaf extracts treatment on some hepatic...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the effects of extracts from the leaves of Gongronema latifolium on hepatic enzyme activity in rats. Rats were treated with various doses of ethanolic and water extracts for 7 days. Blood samples were then analyzed for liver enzyme levels. The results showed that the extracts increased the activity of AST and ALT liver enzymes at doses of 25mg/kg, indicating potential liver cell damage. The extracts also increased serum amylase levels in a dose-dependent manner. However, the extracts did not significantly affect blood urea levels. The conclusion is that while G. latifolium extracts may have some medical benefits, chronic high dose use could adversely impact liver function.
Hepatoprotective activity of extract of Homalium Letestui stem against carbon...oyepata
Hepatoprotective activity of extract of Homalium Letestui stem against
carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury
Oyepata Simeon Joseph1*, Jude e Okokon2, Opeyemi tosin Joseph3
This study investigated the effects of gallic acid on testicular injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion in a rat testicular torsion model. Forty rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a torsion group, a torsion/detorsion group, and a torsion/detorsion plus gallic acid group. Biochemical markers and immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and TNF-α were analyzed. The results showed that gallic acid treatment decreased oxidative stress markers, reduced apoptosis and inflammation, and helped protect testicular tissue compared to the torsion/detorsion group without treatment. The study suggests that gallic acid may be a potential therapeutic agent for testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Comparative Study of The Antioxidant Activities of Monodora Myristica And A. ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
1) The study evaluated the antiulcer activity of an aqueous extract of Brassica oleraceae (cabbage) leaves in laboratory rat models of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
2) Cabbage extract showed dose-dependent protection against ethanol/HCl-induced gastric ulcers and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers compared to control groups. The highest dose of 750 mg/kg provided over 90% protection against indomethacin-induced ulcers.
3) In a cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer model, the lowest dose of 100 mg/kg cabbage extract gave 85% protection, higher than the standard drug omeprazole.
Isolation, in vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant activity and molecular docking ...iosrjce
The document describes the isolation and characterization of two pentacyclic triterpenoids, friedelin and 3β-friedelinol, from the stem bark of Syzygium alternifolium. The compounds were tested for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Friedelin and 3β-friedelinol showed significant inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, decreasing plasma glucose levels and demonstrating antidiabetic effects. They also exhibited antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals in the DPPH inhibition assay. Molecular docking studies confirmed the binding of friedelin and 3β-friedelinol to α-glucosidase and
Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry ...RaktimavaDasSarkar
Original Artcle by Falak Naz, Muhammad Zahoor, Muhammad Ayaz, Muhammad Ashraf, Asif Nawaz, Amal Alotaibi.
Presentation prepared by Raktimava Das Sarkar
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTION AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS O...Jing Zang
In recent studies Teucrium polium(T. polium ) was known as a hypoglycemic plants. But further research is needed to better understand the effect of Teucrium polium and biological active part of it. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the effect of different chromatographic fractions of aqueous and alcoholic extract of this plant on the level of insulin secretion and glucose content in hyperglycemic rat model. Also, our aim is determination of biological active fraction of aqueous and alcoholic extract of this plant. This study was carried out on the 36 rats. Hyperglycemia induced by administrating of 50 mg/kg alloxan intraperitoneally and glucose level was monitored for hyperglycemic status. Hyperglycemic was confirmed by blood glucose measurement. In each experiment 100 grams of Teucrium polium aerial parts powder were boiled with 2 Litter of distilled water for 36 h. The decoction preparation was then filtered through a gauz cloth followed by filtration through filter paper. The extract was evaporated to one-fifth of its original volume and kept at 4oC until its use. Determination of different fraction aqueous extract effect of Teucrium polium on glucose level and insulin secretion was carried out. Blood was collected from the tail of the rats. Then glucose and insulin level was evaluated. The hyperglycemic animals showed significant decrease in the blood glucose level in rats administered with fourth fraction compared with other factions. Administration of fourth fraction Teucrium polium aerial parts extract cause increase in insulin levels in alloxan-treated rats. Results suggest that treatment of fourth fraction Teucrium polium aerial parts extract may be useful in preventing the increase of glucose level in hyperglycemic rats. The interesting phenomenon of our results has shown that fourth fraction given parenterally possesses a hypoglycemic effect in alloxan hyperglycemic rats. Fourth fraction was found biological active and to be responsive to glucose challenge as evidenced by increase in insulin secretion.
STUDY ON ANTI ULCER AND ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF Vilvathi LehiyamJing Zang
The aim of the study, to evaluate the phytochemical, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities of Vilvathi Lehiyam. Anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Vilvathi Lehiyam was investigated on omeprazole induced ulcer model in albino rats. Ethanolic extract of dosage 250 and 500kg/mg produced significant inhibition of gastric lesions induced by Omeprazole induced ulcer. The extract 250 and 500kg/mg showed significant (p<0.01) reduction of pH value of gastric juice compared control. The Vilvathi Lehiyam was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against the carrageenan induced rat paw oedema at injected sthe doses 500 kg/mg body weight and the study was compared with standard drug Dexamethasone (2mg/kg). The Vilvathi Lehiyam has significant anti-inflammatory activity, which support the traditional medicinal utilization of Vilvathi Lehiyam. Based on the above results, of Vilvathi Lehiyam may be useful as a natural drug for the treatment of ulcer and inflammation.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria W...IOSRJPBS
Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for liver injury. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana in wistar rats. The studies were conducted using the two popular inducing agents Paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.) in 1% NaCMC and Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference drug in the respective models. The effect was estimated by measuring the enzymatic levels and histo- pathological studies. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana has shown very significant hepatoprotection against both Paracetamol and CCl4 - induced hepatotoxicity study models in wistar rats. This was evidenced by marked reduction in marker enzymes in serum. Histopathological studies also confirmed the hepatoprotective nature of the extract
Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria W...
KEHILI 2014
1. Original Article
IMMUNOSTIMULATORY ACTIVITY OF PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA
KEHILI HOUSSEM EDDINE¹, SAKINA ZERIZER*¹, ZAHIA KABOUCHE²
¹University of Constantine 1 Algeria, Department of Animal Biology Option Immuno-Oncology, ¹*University of Constantine 1, Algeria ,
Department of Animal Biology, ²University of Constantine 1, Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Therapeutic Substances Obtention
(LOST), 25000 Constantine, Algeria. Email: zerizersakina@yahoo.fr
Received: 28 Dec 2013, Revised and Accepted: 20 Apr 2014
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate in vivo the immunostimulatory properties of Phoenix dactylifera “AZARZA variety”.
Methods: The immunostimulant potential of the plant extract of Phoenix dactylifera on the phagocytic activity was measured by the carbon
clearance rate test. The anti-oxidant activity was measured by spectrophotometric determination of glutathione from liver's homogenate.
Results: Our results obtained in this study shown that the phagocytic and the anti-oxidant activities was increased significantly in animals injected
with Phoenix dactylifera “AZARZA” extract at doses (30,50 and 100mg/kg) P<0,05. The clearance rate of carbon was significantly faster at the
concentration of 50 mg/kg when is compared to the two concentrations 30 and 100mg/kg (P= 0,004) and the release of the GSH from the liver was
significantly higher at the concentration of 50 mg/kg when is compared to the two concentrations 30 and 100mg/kg (P= 0,003).
Conclusion: The Phoenix dactylifera extract revealed an immune-stimulatory effect on the reticuloendothelial system and anti-oxidant activity with
higher effect by the administration of 50 mg/kg.
Keywords: Phoenix dactylifera, Immunostimulatory activity, Carbon clearance rate, Glutathione.
INTRODUCTION
The term immunostimulation comprises a prophylactic or
therapeutic concept which aims at the stimulation of our non-
specific immune system. This implies primarily the non-antigen
dependent stimulation of the function and efficiency of granulocytes,
macrophages, complement and natural killer cells. In contrast to
immunity achieved by immunization or antibody injection, this type
of immunity, arising from unspecific immunostimulation, is termed
paramunity and the agents responsible are known as paramunity
inducers. It is characteristic for these agents that they do not affect
immunological memory cells [1]. Immunostimulation is also
indicated to counteract immunosuppression and ineffectively
working immune system, manifesting itself for example by a reduced
resistance against infectious diseases, which may be the
consequences of serious infections, physical and psychological
stress, alcoholism, environmental damages such as pesticides,
excessively applied chemotherapy, or long term treatment with
immunosuppressive drugs [1].
Herbal drugs are known to possess Immunomodulatory properties
and generally act by stimulating both specific as well as non-specific
immunity. Immunomodulatory agents are used to either suppress or
stimulate the immune responsiveness of an organism against the
invading antigens [2].
Immunostimulatory therapy is now being recognised as an
alternative to conventional chemotherapy for a variety of disease
conditions, involving the impaired immuno-response of the host [3].
Glutathione (L-g-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine) is the principal non
protein thiol involved in the antioxidant cellular defense. It is a
tripeptide composed of cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine, and its
active group is represented by the thiol (–SH) of cysteine residue.
Glutathione is a ubiquitous molecule that is produced in all organs,
especially in the liver [4].
Glutathione reduced ( GSH) plays an important role in many
biological processes such as intracellular reduction–oxidation
metabolic cycles, transportation, protein synthesis, catabolism, and
metabolism [5].
The Phoenix dactylifera is a monocotyledonous woody perennial
belonging to the Arecaceae family, which comprises 200 genera and
3000 species. The beneficial health and nutrition values of date
palm, for human and animal consumption, have been claimed for
centuries [6].
Algeria is the sixth important countries in date world production.
During 2007, 468000 metric tons were produced in Algeria. The
Algerian dates represented about 7.28% of the total world
production as reported by FAO in 2009 [6].
Fruits of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera Fruits) are commonly
consumed in many parts of the world especially the Arabian
countries. Date fruit are used as nutrient while the pollen grains
used in the treatment of infertility [7]. Traditional medicines are
gaining importance and nowadays are being studied to find the
scientific basis of their therapeutic actions. The use of herbal
medicine has become increasingly popular worldwide especially in
the Asian and African countries. The various parts of Phoenix
dactylifera widely are used in traditional medicine for the treatment
of various disorders which include memory disturbances, fever, and
inflammation [8].
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant material
Collection
The jam was prepared from the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera
AZARZA variety) which was collected from Ghardaïa (Algerian
septentrional Sahara).
Preparation of the extract
The jam concentrations of 30, 50 and 100 mg/kg were diluted into
10 ml of Nacl (0,9%).
Animals
Adult male Mus Musculus mice (2-2.5 month old) were procured
from central pharmacy Algeria. The animal experiments
weighing (20–33 g) were used for determination of the
phagocytic activity. The animals were kept in polyacrylic cages
and maintained under standard housing conditions (room
temperature 24-7 with 12:12 light: dark cycles). Food was
provided in the form of dry pellets (SARL Production Locale,
Bouzaréah. Algeria) and water adlibitum. The animal studies
were conducted after obtaining clearance from Institutional
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 6, Issue 3, 2014
InnovareInnovareInnovareInnovare
Academic SciencesAcademic SciencesAcademic SciencesAcademic Sciences
2. Zerizer et al.
Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 6, Issue 3, 73-76
74
Animal Ethics Committee and the experiments were conducted
in strict compliance according to ethical principles and
guidelines provided by Committee for the Purpose of Control
and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA).
Phagocytic activity
Phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial systems (RES) was assayed
by carbon clearance test. Phagocytic index was calculated as a rate of
carbon elimination of reticuloendothelial systems by carbon
clearance test determined by a reported method (Biozzi et al.,1955).
Animals were divided into four groups, GI, GII, GIII and GIV. Group I
(Control) was given by i.p injection 0.9% NaCl (0.5 ml/mouse.),
groups II, III and IV were administered with different concentrations
of the Phoenix dactylifera extract (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg)
respectively.
After 48 h of i.p injection, Carbon ink suspension was injected via the
tail vein to each mouse at a dose of 0.1 ml/10g, the mixture
consisted of black carbon ink 3 ml, saline 4 ml and 3% gelatin
solution 4 ml. Blood samples (≈14 drops or 25µl) were then
withdrawn from the retro-orbital plexus at 5 and 15 minutes after
injection of colloidal carbon ink via an heparin glass capillaries and
lysed in 0.1% sodium carbonate solution (4ml). The optical density
was measured spectrophotometrically at 676nm.
The phagocytic activity is expressed by the phagocytic index K which
measures all the reticuloendothelial system function in the contact
with the circulating blood and by corrected phagocytic index α
which expresses this activity by unit of active weight organs: liver
and spleen. The clearance rate is expressed as the half-life period of
the carbon in the blood (t1/2, min) [9].These parameters are
calculated using the following formulas:
OD1 and OD2 are the optical densities at time t1 and t2, respectively.
Glutathione assay (GSH)
The animals were sacrificed and the liver and spleen dissected and
weighted immediately in the wet state.
Preparation of the homogenate
The weight of 0,5g of the liver was homogenized in 2ml of TBS (Tris
50 mM, NaCl 150 mM, pH 7.4). Then the homogenates were
centrifuged at 9000 g for15 min at 4˚C after that the supernatant was
used for determination of glutathione reduced (GSH).
Method
The glutathione reduced content in the liver was measured
spectrophotometrically by using 5,5′-dithiobis-(2 nitrobenzoic acid)
(DTNB) as a coloring reagent, following the method of Weckbekeret
al.,1988 [10].
Statistical Analysis
Results were analyzed for differences between the groups across
dietary treatments by one –way ANOVA test and Tukey’s multiple
comparison tests (SPSS version 9).The values of,
P<0,001, P< 0,01,P< 0,05 were considered to indicate the significant
levels.
RESULTS
The present data showed that there is a significant difference in the
means for the phagocytic index (K) between groups (NaCl, 30 mg, 50
mg and 100 mg) P= 0,003 and the group 50 mg has the Highest
significantly difference from groups (NaCl, 30 mg and 100 mg) at
P=0,002.This indicates that Phoenix dactylifera enhanced the
phagocytic activity by stimulating the reticuloendothelial system
(Figure 1).
Fig. 1: It shows the effect of Phoenix dactylifera extract on
phagocytic activity.
Fig. 2: It shows the effect of Phoenix dactylifera extract on half
time t1/2 of carbon in blood.
Fig. 3: It shows the Effect of Phoenix dactylifera extract on
corrected phagocytic index α.
3. Zerizer et al.
Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 6, Issue 3, 73-76
75
As shown in the figure 2, the half time of colloidal carbon was
decreased significantly between groups P= 0,003 however at the
concentration of 50mg/kg was faster when it is compared to the
other groups P= 0,004.
The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference in
the means for the corrected phagocytic index α between groups (NaCl,
30 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg) P= 0,004 and the corrected phagocytic index
α was increased significantly in groups (30 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg) when
it is compared to the control group (NaCl) P<0,05 but at the
concentration of 50mg /kg the corrected phagocytic index α was higher
than the other groups P= 0,006 (Figure 3).
The last part of this study showed that there is a significant
difference in the means for the Glutathione values between groups
(NaCl, 30 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg) P= 0,002 and the Glutathione
values was decreased highly and significantly in groups (30 mg, 50
mg, and 100 mg) when it is compared to the control group (NaCl)
P<0,05 however the glutathione reduced was lower than the other
groups P= 0,003 (figure 4). This indicates that the extract liberates
the glutathione particles from liver and affirms that Phoenix
dactylifera enhanced the anti-oxidant activity.
Fig. 4: It shows the effect of Phoenix dactylifera on Glutathione
reduced values.
DISCUSSION
Today, the use (which we can say ‘return to nature’) of traditional
herbal medicines, herbal health products, pharmaceuticals food
supplement, cosmetics, etc. is increasing due to the growing
recognition that natural products are safe, have either no or
negotiable side effects[11].
Some of these plant products are believed to enhance the natural
resistance of the body to infection, on the basis of their
constituents like polysaccharides, lectins, saponins and
flavonoids etc. Some of these stimulate both ‘humoral and cell
mediated immunity’, while others activate only the cellular
components of the immune system [12]. Immunostimulatory
molecules intensify and modify the lymphocyte mediated
immune response and its duration. Such molecules can,
therefore, be potentially applied as adjuvants in vaccines and
allergy preparations [13].
The activity was investigated by phagocytic carbon clearance by the
phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system which is
known to be important in the removal and destruction of pathogenic
organisms from the tissues and blood [14].
Glutathione is a major antioxidant and a vital component of host
defenses. In addition to protecting against free radical injury, it is
important in the activation of lymphocytes, critical for the function
of natural killer cells and lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, and
may have a role in the protection of neutrophils and macrophages
against oxidative damage [15].
From ages dates are consumed by humans for its beneficial health
and nutritional values [16].
In this study we observed that the animals administered with the
extract of Phoenix dactylifera stimulates the phagocytic index at
different concentration. So, this result agrees with those of Gokani et
al. [17] and Aribi et al [18] who reported that the administration of
extraction of Clerodendrum phlomidis and Premna integrifolia roots
and Argania spinosa respectively in the mouse are increased the
phagocytic index at different concentrations.
Treatment by the extract of Phoenix dactylifera enhanced the rate of
carbon clearance from the blood when it is compared to the control
group. Cells of the reticuloendothelial systems play important role in
the clearance of particles from the blood stream. When colloidal
carbon particles in the form of ink are injected directly into the
systemic circulation, the rate of clearance of carbon from the blood
by macrophage is increased during the treatment of rats by the
methanolic extract of Morus Alba Linn (Mulberry) leaves. [19]. Also
the jam reduces the glutathione particles from liver and affirms that
Phoenix dactylifera enhanced the glutathione reduced concentration
and anti-oxidant activity. This result agrees with those of Hasnaoui
et al [20].
CONCLUSION
In vivo investigations showed that the jam of Phoenix dactylifera at
concentration of 50mg/kg increased the phagocytic index, corrected
phagocytic index α and decreased the half time of carbon and the
concentration of the glutathione reduced. This Immunomodulatory
effect of Phoenix dactylifera could be attributed to its interesting
chemical composition. It is essentially characterized by the presence
of unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidant compounds (Vitamin E-C
family) and phenolic compounds [21].
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are grateful to the DG-RSDT at the MESRS (Ministry of
Scientific Research, Algeria) for the financial support. I thanks Mr
Racim Boudjemili for grammar corrections.
REFERENCES
1. Wagner H Search for plant derived natural products with
immunostimulatory activity (recent advances). Pure& Appl.
Chem 1990; 62 (7): 1217-1222.
2. Hajra S, Mehta A and Pinkee P Immunostimulation activity of
methanolic extract of SWIETENIA MAHAGONI seeds.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
2012; 4 (1): 442-445.
3. Upadhaya SN Therapeutic Potential of Immunomodulatory
Agents from Plant products. In Benmebarek A, Zerizer S,
Laggoune S and Kabouche Z Immunostimulatory activity of
Stachys mialhesi de Noé. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical
Immunology 2013; 9 (2): 1-4.
4. Pastore A, Federici G, Bertini E and Piemonte F Analysis of
glutathione: implication in redox and detoxification. Clinica
Chimica Acta 2003; 333: 19–39.
5. Ensafia A, Karimi-Malehb H and Mallakpour S A new strategy
for the selective determination of glutathione in the presence of
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) using a novel
modified carbonnanotube paste electrode. Colloids and
Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2013; 104: 186– 193.
6. Boukouada M, Yousfi M Phytochemical study of date seeds
lipids of three fruits (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA) produced in
Ouargla. Annales de la Faculté des Sciences et Sciences de
l'Ingénieur 2009; 1 (3): 1-9.
7. A. Mohamed D, Y. Al-Okbi S In vivo evaluation of antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory activity of different extract of date fruits
in adjuvant arthritis. Polish journal of food and nutrition
sciences 2004; 13/54 (4): 397–402.
8. Abedi A, Parviz M, Karimian S M and Rodsari S The Effect of
Aqueous Extract of Phoenix Dactylifera PollenGrain on
Sexual Behavior of Male Rats. J Phys Pharm Adv 2012; 2(6):
235-242.
9. Biozzi G, Benacerraf B, Halperm BN Effet de la vaccination par
Plasmodium berghei irradié sur l’activité phagocytaire du
4. Zerizer et al.
Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 6, Issue 3, 73-76
76
système réticuloendothélial au cours de l’infection du rat par ce
plasmodium. Bull World Health Organ 1970; 42(1): 163–168.
In Aribi B, Zerizer S and Kabouche Z Immunomodulatory
activity of ARGANIA SPINOSA seeds. International Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences2013; 5(3): 488-491.
10. Rahman I, Kode A and Biswas SK Assay for quantitative
determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide levels
using enzymatic recycling method. Nature Protocols 2006;
1(6): 3159-3165.
11. Tilwari A, Shukla NP and Uma Devi P Effect of five medicinal
plants used in Indian system of medicines on immune function
in Wistar rats. African Journal of Biotechnology 2011; 10(73):
16637-16645.
12. Compton JS and Jones G C Mechanism of Dye Response and
Interference in the Bradford Protein Assay. Analytical
Biochemistry1985; 15: 369-374.
13. Ranta K, Nieminen K S Ekholm F, Poláková M U, Roslund M,
Saloranta T, Leino R and Savolainen J Evaluation of
Immunostimulatory Activities of Synthetic Mannose Containing
Structures Mimicking the β-(1 2)-Linked Cell Wall Mannans of
Candida albicans. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 2012; 19
(11): 1889–1893.
14. Shergren N JB, Block J and Wolff M S Reticuloendothelial
System Phagocytic Function in Patients with Hodgkin's Disease.
Journal Clinical Investigation1967; 46 (5): 855-862.
15. Hong WR, Rounds J D, Helton SW,K. Robinson M and Wilmore W D
Glutamine Preserves Liver Glutathione after Lethal Hepatic Injury.
The Laboratory for Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition, Department
of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 1991; 215 (2): 114-119
16. Shafi Bhat R and Al-Daihan S Antibacterial properties of
different cultivars of Phoenix dactylifera L and their
corresponding protein content. Annals of Biological Research
2012; 3 (10):4751-4757.
17. Gokani RH, Lahiri SK, Santani DD and Shah MB Evaluation of
immunostimulatory activity of Clerodendrum phlomidis and
Premna integrifolia roots. International Journal of
Pharmacology 2007; 3 (4): 352-356.
18. Aribi B, Zerizer S and Kabouche Z Immunomodulatory activity
of ARGANIA SPINOSA seeds. International Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmaceutical Sciences2013; 5(3): 488-491.
19. Bharani SE, Asad M, Dhamanigi SS and Chandrakala GK
Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extract of Morus Alba
Linn (Mulberry) leaves. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci 2010; 23 (1): 63-68.
20. Hasnaoui A, Elhoumaizi MA, Borchani C, Attia H and Besbes
S Physicochemical Characterization and Associated
Antioxidant Capacity of Fiber Concentrates from Moroccan
Date Flesh. Int. J Latest Trends Agr. Food Sci2012; 2 (2): 94-
102.
21. Hasan NS, Amom H Z, Nor AI, Mokhtardin N, Mohd Esa N and
Azlan A Nutritional composition and in vivo evaluation of the
antioxidant properties of various date extract (Phoenix
dactylifera) from Libya. Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2010; 2(4): 208-214.