The relationship between progesterone and biochemical constituents of amnioti...Ali Olfati
Ali Olfati1, Gholamali Moghaddam1, Nasroallah Moradi Kor2*, Mitra Bakhtiari3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
2Department of Reproduction Physiologies, Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
3Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Influence of short- and long-term administration of Melengestrol acetate on e...IJEABJ
In Egypt, research focusing on estrous synchronization in small ruminants based on Melengestrol acetate (MGA) supplementation, particularly in nulliparous ewes, is still lacking. The present work aimed to evaluate effect of long-term and short-term administration of melengestrol acetate (MGA) treatments on estrus synchronization and reproductive performance of nulliparous Barki Ewes. This study was performed in Siwa Oasis Research Station (Tegzerty Experimental Farm for animal production), belonged to Desert Research Center, Egypt. Forty five nulliparous Barki ewes with age ranging from 15.5 to 16.5 months, and 38 ± 0.23 kg average live body weight were assigned to one of three groups: (1) control (C, n = 15); (2) long-term treatment with MGA (n = 15, 0.22 mg/ewe/d for 14 days) and (3) short-term treatment with MGA (n = 15, 0.22 mg/ewe/d for 7 days). At the end of MGA treatment (14 or 7 d) all treated ewes were injected by 600 IU PMSG intramuscularly. The results showed that, ewes treated with MGA exhibited highest (P<0.05) estrus response rate (100%) in short term-MGA, followed by long term-MGA (93.33%), whereas the lowest was observed in control group (80%). Conception rates after natural mating were 85.71% and 93.33% for long term and short term MGA treated ewes, respectively. However, it recorded 100% in the control group. Fertility rate was significantly the highest (P<0.05) in short term-MGA (93.33%) than other groups (73.33%). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in terms of lambing rate and prolificacy among the control and treated ewes. In the meantime, mean values of serum estradiol 17-β were lower (P≤0.01) in long-term treated ewes compared to those of short-term treated ones (27.20±1.78, 32.67±1.27pg/ml), respectively, while the lowest (P<0.05) level was recorded in the control ewes (13.01±1.31 pg/ml). Furthermore, overall mean values of serum progesterone in the control group (1.32 ± 0.09 ng/ml) was higher (P<0.05) than those of long- and short-term MGA treated groups (1.01 ± 0.13, 0.92 ± 0.11, ng/ml), respectively. It is concluded that reproductive efficiency of nulliparous Barki ewes could be improved by short-term supplementation with MGA.
Ciprofloxacin resideu and their impact on Biomolecules n eggs of laying hens ...Sayed Koushik Ahamed
I have done this research on eggs for the welfare of mankind now i want to share my article for social awareness. I hope it will helps all researchers for their future further research.
Thank You
Study of moringa_effect_on_gastric_and_duodenal_ulcersSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Effects of Ovaprim Hormone on Induced Breeding of Clarias gariepinusBRNSS Publication Hub
This study was conducted to determine the artificial breeding with application of optimum dosage of stimulatory Ovaprim hormones. Female treated with T1 (0.3), T2 (0.4), T3 (0.5), and T4(control) ml/kg/body weight. The result showed that stimulated with T3 (0.5) obtained better eggs quantity (25006) followed by T2 (0.4) (17,200), while the lowest quantity (8233) was in T1 (0.3), but T4(control) was failed. The spawning hours, fertilization and hatchability, was significantly affected by three doses (P ˂ 0.05). The hatchability hours was not significantly affected by hormone doses (P ˃ 0.05). The survival rate was significantly affected by hormone doses (P ˂ 0.05). The highest survival rates (53.67%) observed in T3 (0.5) followed by T2 (0.4) (42%) while the lowest (32.67%) in T1 (0.3).
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTION AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS O...Jing Zang
In recent studies Teucrium polium(T. polium ) was known as a hypoglycemic plants. But further research is needed to better understand the effect of Teucrium polium and biological active part of it. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the effect of different chromatographic fractions of aqueous and alcoholic extract of this plant on the level of insulin secretion and glucose content in hyperglycemic rat model. Also, our aim is determination of biological active fraction of aqueous and alcoholic extract of this plant. This study was carried out on the 36 rats. Hyperglycemia induced by administrating of 50 mg/kg alloxan intraperitoneally and glucose level was monitored for hyperglycemic status. Hyperglycemic was confirmed by blood glucose measurement. In each experiment 100 grams of Teucrium polium aerial parts powder were boiled with 2 Litter of distilled water for 36 h. The decoction preparation was then filtered through a gauz cloth followed by filtration through filter paper. The extract was evaporated to one-fifth of its original volume and kept at 4oC until its use. Determination of different fraction aqueous extract effect of Teucrium polium on glucose level and insulin secretion was carried out. Blood was collected from the tail of the rats. Then glucose and insulin level was evaluated. The hyperglycemic animals showed significant decrease in the blood glucose level in rats administered with fourth fraction compared with other factions. Administration of fourth fraction Teucrium polium aerial parts extract cause increase in insulin levels in alloxan-treated rats. Results suggest that treatment of fourth fraction Teucrium polium aerial parts extract may be useful in preventing the increase of glucose level in hyperglycemic rats. The interesting phenomenon of our results has shown that fourth fraction given parenterally possesses a hypoglycemic effect in alloxan hyperglycemic rats. Fourth fraction was found biological active and to be responsive to glucose challenge as evidenced by increase in insulin secretion.
The relationship between progesterone and biochemical constituents of amnioti...Ali Olfati
Ali Olfati1, Gholamali Moghaddam1, Nasroallah Moradi Kor2*, Mitra Bakhtiari3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
2Department of Reproduction Physiologies, Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
3Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Influence of short- and long-term administration of Melengestrol acetate on e...IJEABJ
In Egypt, research focusing on estrous synchronization in small ruminants based on Melengestrol acetate (MGA) supplementation, particularly in nulliparous ewes, is still lacking. The present work aimed to evaluate effect of long-term and short-term administration of melengestrol acetate (MGA) treatments on estrus synchronization and reproductive performance of nulliparous Barki Ewes. This study was performed in Siwa Oasis Research Station (Tegzerty Experimental Farm for animal production), belonged to Desert Research Center, Egypt. Forty five nulliparous Barki ewes with age ranging from 15.5 to 16.5 months, and 38 ± 0.23 kg average live body weight were assigned to one of three groups: (1) control (C, n = 15); (2) long-term treatment with MGA (n = 15, 0.22 mg/ewe/d for 14 days) and (3) short-term treatment with MGA (n = 15, 0.22 mg/ewe/d for 7 days). At the end of MGA treatment (14 or 7 d) all treated ewes were injected by 600 IU PMSG intramuscularly. The results showed that, ewes treated with MGA exhibited highest (P<0.05) estrus response rate (100%) in short term-MGA, followed by long term-MGA (93.33%), whereas the lowest was observed in control group (80%). Conception rates after natural mating were 85.71% and 93.33% for long term and short term MGA treated ewes, respectively. However, it recorded 100% in the control group. Fertility rate was significantly the highest (P<0.05) in short term-MGA (93.33%) than other groups (73.33%). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in terms of lambing rate and prolificacy among the control and treated ewes. In the meantime, mean values of serum estradiol 17-β were lower (P≤0.01) in long-term treated ewes compared to those of short-term treated ones (27.20±1.78, 32.67±1.27pg/ml), respectively, while the lowest (P<0.05) level was recorded in the control ewes (13.01±1.31 pg/ml). Furthermore, overall mean values of serum progesterone in the control group (1.32 ± 0.09 ng/ml) was higher (P<0.05) than those of long- and short-term MGA treated groups (1.01 ± 0.13, 0.92 ± 0.11, ng/ml), respectively. It is concluded that reproductive efficiency of nulliparous Barki ewes could be improved by short-term supplementation with MGA.
Ciprofloxacin resideu and their impact on Biomolecules n eggs of laying hens ...Sayed Koushik Ahamed
I have done this research on eggs for the welfare of mankind now i want to share my article for social awareness. I hope it will helps all researchers for their future further research.
Thank You
Study of moringa_effect_on_gastric_and_duodenal_ulcersSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Effects of Ovaprim Hormone on Induced Breeding of Clarias gariepinusBRNSS Publication Hub
This study was conducted to determine the artificial breeding with application of optimum dosage of stimulatory Ovaprim hormones. Female treated with T1 (0.3), T2 (0.4), T3 (0.5), and T4(control) ml/kg/body weight. The result showed that stimulated with T3 (0.5) obtained better eggs quantity (25006) followed by T2 (0.4) (17,200), while the lowest quantity (8233) was in T1 (0.3), but T4(control) was failed. The spawning hours, fertilization and hatchability, was significantly affected by three doses (P ˂ 0.05). The hatchability hours was not significantly affected by hormone doses (P ˃ 0.05). The survival rate was significantly affected by hormone doses (P ˂ 0.05). The highest survival rates (53.67%) observed in T3 (0.5) followed by T2 (0.4) (42%) while the lowest (32.67%) in T1 (0.3).
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTION AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS O...Jing Zang
In recent studies Teucrium polium(T. polium ) was known as a hypoglycemic plants. But further research is needed to better understand the effect of Teucrium polium and biological active part of it. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the effect of different chromatographic fractions of aqueous and alcoholic extract of this plant on the level of insulin secretion and glucose content in hyperglycemic rat model. Also, our aim is determination of biological active fraction of aqueous and alcoholic extract of this plant. This study was carried out on the 36 rats. Hyperglycemia induced by administrating of 50 mg/kg alloxan intraperitoneally and glucose level was monitored for hyperglycemic status. Hyperglycemic was confirmed by blood glucose measurement. In each experiment 100 grams of Teucrium polium aerial parts powder were boiled with 2 Litter of distilled water for 36 h. The decoction preparation was then filtered through a gauz cloth followed by filtration through filter paper. The extract was evaporated to one-fifth of its original volume and kept at 4oC until its use. Determination of different fraction aqueous extract effect of Teucrium polium on glucose level and insulin secretion was carried out. Blood was collected from the tail of the rats. Then glucose and insulin level was evaluated. The hyperglycemic animals showed significant decrease in the blood glucose level in rats administered with fourth fraction compared with other factions. Administration of fourth fraction Teucrium polium aerial parts extract cause increase in insulin levels in alloxan-treated rats. Results suggest that treatment of fourth fraction Teucrium polium aerial parts extract may be useful in preventing the increase of glucose level in hyperglycemic rats. The interesting phenomenon of our results has shown that fourth fraction given parenterally possesses a hypoglycemic effect in alloxan hyperglycemic rats. Fourth fraction was found biological active and to be responsive to glucose challenge as evidenced by increase in insulin secretion.
- This experiment was conducted to study the
chronological relationships between estrus onset, time of LH
surge and ovulation time in does synchronized with chronogest
or CIDR. Forty six desert goats were divided into 2 groups (A,
and B). Induction of oestrous was carried out using
intravaginal sponges impregnated with 40 mg fluorgestone and
CIDR for group A and B respectively. At time of sponge or
CIDR removal, the animals were injected with 300IU eCG.
There was no significant difference in the estrus onset, estrous
duration, ovulation time and time of LH surge in does
synchronized with either chronogest or CIDR. Ovulation was
detected 54 hours post sponges or CIDR removal. LH surge
occurred 28 hours post removal of sponge or CIDR. No
significant difference was detected with regard to the time
taken from oestrus onset to ovulation time (25.4 and 23.5 hours
respectively). Also, there was no significant difference in the
time taken from LH surge to ovulation time in does
synchronized with chronogest and CIDR (25.6 and 25.3 hours)
respectively. In conclusion, findings observed pertaining to
estrous onset, time of ovulation and the time of onset of the LH
peak could be of value in timing AI or mating for maximum
conception in goat breeding programs when CIDR or sponges
were used with 300IU eCG.
I would describe myself as a conscientious worker, problem solver and a dependable team player with laboratory expertise in molecular cloning, virology and immunology. I am proficient at developing small animal infection models, mammalian cell culture, proficient at working in Biosafety level -2 and 3 laboratories, developing recombinant gene constructs through primer design, restriction digestion and bacterial cloning. I am proficient at nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) extraction, quantitative PCR and RT-PCR. My technical expertise in virology and immunology include performing plaque assays and foci forming assays to quantify viremia and ELISA. I possess extensive training in working with laboratory animals and I am proficient at intra-nasal and intra-peritoneal drug administration, working with animal restraint systems like the In-TOX system and have performed nebulization studies using guinea pigs in the past. I also perform tail DNA genotyping in mice.
Alternate animal experiments models for pre and post clinical screening of new drugs.
#Expetrimental_Pharmacology.
#Preclinical Screening methods and testing models.
#Animal_Handeling
dkNET Webinar: A New Approach to the Study of Energy Balance and Obesity usin...dkNET
Abstract
We report a web-based tool for analysis of experiments using indirect calorimetry to measure physiological energy balance. CalR simplifies the process to import raw data files, generate plots, and determine the most appropriate statistical tests for interpretation. Analysis using the generalized linear model (which includes ANOVA and ANCOVA) allows for flexibility in interpreting diverse experimental designs, including those of obesity and thermogenesis. Users also may produce standardized output files for an experiment that can be shared and subsequently re-evaluated using CalR. This framework will provide the transparency necessary to enhance consistency, rigor, and reproducibility. The CalR analysis software will greatly increase the speed and efficiency with which metabolic experiments can be organized, analyzed per accepted norms, and reproduced and has become a standard tool for the field. CalR is accessible at https://CalRapp.org/
The top 4 key questions that our tool can answer:
1. Can I reproducibly and transparently analyze indirect calorimetry experiments in under 10 minutes?
2. How hard is it to use Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to determine whether my groups of animals are significantly different?
3. Is there an automated, reproducible way to exclude “noisy” outlier data from our indirect calorimetry experiments?
4. What are the key factors in determining metabolic rate of mice?
Presenter: Alexander Banks, PhD, principal investigator and assistant professor at Harvard Medical School and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
dkNET Webinar Information: https://dknet.org/about/webinar
Lecture "The food metabolome" by C. Manach (INRA Clermont-Ferrand, France) at the 1st International workshop on "The Food metabolome and biomarkers for dietary exposure. Metabolomic approaches for biomarker discovery, validation and implementation" (Glasgow, 5th July, 2013)
These presentation includes the information about the replacement of animal experiments (invivo tests) with all the alternative methods like invitro tests and in-silico methods which are used in present century and made the research work easy for pre-clinical and clinical trials.
The relationship between trace mineral concentrations of amniotic fluid with ...Ali Olfati
Ali Olfati1*, Gholamali Moghaddam1, Nasroallah Moradi Kor2, Behzad Baradaran3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
3Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- This experiment was conducted to study the
chronological relationships between estrus onset, time of LH
surge and ovulation time in does synchronized with chronogest
or CIDR. Forty six desert goats were divided into 2 groups (A,
and B). Induction of oestrous was carried out using
intravaginal sponges impregnated with 40 mg fluorgestone and
CIDR for group A and B respectively. At time of sponge or
CIDR removal, the animals were injected with 300IU eCG.
There was no significant difference in the estrus onset, estrous
duration, ovulation time and time of LH surge in does
synchronized with either chronogest or CIDR. Ovulation was
detected 54 hours post sponges or CIDR removal. LH surge
occurred 28 hours post removal of sponge or CIDR. No
significant difference was detected with regard to the time
taken from oestrus onset to ovulation time (25.4 and 23.5 hours
respectively). Also, there was no significant difference in the
time taken from LH surge to ovulation time in does
synchronized with chronogest and CIDR (25.6 and 25.3 hours)
respectively. In conclusion, findings observed pertaining to
estrous onset, time of ovulation and the time of onset of the LH
peak could be of value in timing AI or mating for maximum
conception in goat breeding programs when CIDR or sponges
were used with 300IU eCG.
I would describe myself as a conscientious worker, problem solver and a dependable team player with laboratory expertise in molecular cloning, virology and immunology. I am proficient at developing small animal infection models, mammalian cell culture, proficient at working in Biosafety level -2 and 3 laboratories, developing recombinant gene constructs through primer design, restriction digestion and bacterial cloning. I am proficient at nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) extraction, quantitative PCR and RT-PCR. My technical expertise in virology and immunology include performing plaque assays and foci forming assays to quantify viremia and ELISA. I possess extensive training in working with laboratory animals and I am proficient at intra-nasal and intra-peritoneal drug administration, working with animal restraint systems like the In-TOX system and have performed nebulization studies using guinea pigs in the past. I also perform tail DNA genotyping in mice.
Alternate animal experiments models for pre and post clinical screening of new drugs.
#Expetrimental_Pharmacology.
#Preclinical Screening methods and testing models.
#Animal_Handeling
dkNET Webinar: A New Approach to the Study of Energy Balance and Obesity usin...dkNET
Abstract
We report a web-based tool for analysis of experiments using indirect calorimetry to measure physiological energy balance. CalR simplifies the process to import raw data files, generate plots, and determine the most appropriate statistical tests for interpretation. Analysis using the generalized linear model (which includes ANOVA and ANCOVA) allows for flexibility in interpreting diverse experimental designs, including those of obesity and thermogenesis. Users also may produce standardized output files for an experiment that can be shared and subsequently re-evaluated using CalR. This framework will provide the transparency necessary to enhance consistency, rigor, and reproducibility. The CalR analysis software will greatly increase the speed and efficiency with which metabolic experiments can be organized, analyzed per accepted norms, and reproduced and has become a standard tool for the field. CalR is accessible at https://CalRapp.org/
The top 4 key questions that our tool can answer:
1. Can I reproducibly and transparently analyze indirect calorimetry experiments in under 10 minutes?
2. How hard is it to use Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to determine whether my groups of animals are significantly different?
3. Is there an automated, reproducible way to exclude “noisy” outlier data from our indirect calorimetry experiments?
4. What are the key factors in determining metabolic rate of mice?
Presenter: Alexander Banks, PhD, principal investigator and assistant professor at Harvard Medical School and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
dkNET Webinar Information: https://dknet.org/about/webinar
Lecture "The food metabolome" by C. Manach (INRA Clermont-Ferrand, France) at the 1st International workshop on "The Food metabolome and biomarkers for dietary exposure. Metabolomic approaches for biomarker discovery, validation and implementation" (Glasgow, 5th July, 2013)
These presentation includes the information about the replacement of animal experiments (invivo tests) with all the alternative methods like invitro tests and in-silico methods which are used in present century and made the research work easy for pre-clinical and clinical trials.
The relationship between trace mineral concentrations of amniotic fluid with ...Ali Olfati
Ali Olfati1*, Gholamali Moghaddam1, Nasroallah Moradi Kor2, Behzad Baradaran3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
3Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Enterocin 55 produced by non rabbit-derived strain Enterococcus faecium EF55 ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Ent55 is produced by poultry strain Enterococcus faecium EF55. It is substance which can be allotted to Class II enterocins; thermo-stable, small peptide. Because producer strain has shown beneficial effect in poultry and broiler rabbits as well, we decided to apply Ent55 in broiler rabbit husbandry. Ent55 showed antimicrobial activity in broiler rabbits by reduction of staphylococci, Clostridiae, pseudomonads and coliforms. Its beneficial effect was demonstrated by stimulation of phagocytic activity as well as by reduction of Eimeria spp. oocysts. GPx values were lower; it means, no oxidative stress was evoked. Moreover, it has not negative influence on growth performance and biochemical parameters. Our results indicated that enterocin produced by not-autochtonous strain can also have protective and beneficial effect in broiler rabbits.
Participation of the oviductal s100 calcium binding protein G in the genomic effect of estradiol that accelerates oviductal embryo transport in mated rats
Mariana Ríos1, Alexis Parada-Bustamante1, Luis A Velásquez2,3, Horacio B Croxatto2,3,4 and Pedro A Orihuela2,3*
By Luis Alberto Velasquez Cumplido
Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Mature Harco Cocks Treated...IJEAB
Twenty sexually matured (24 weeks old) healthy Harco cocks were used to determine the effect of Gonadotrophin (Diclair®) on haematology and serum biochemistry. The cocks were divided into 4 treatment groups of 5 cocks per group identified as T1 (control) administered with 1ml physiological saline, T2, administered with 6.75i.u Diclair® and T4, administered with 20.25i.u Diclair®, with one cock per replicate in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). The injections were dividedinto three doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. One week after Diclair® treatments, five birds from each group were bled from the wing veins for haematology and serum biochemistry. Results of this study showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. Basophils were not detected among the treatment groups. The results further showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. However, the values were within the normal ranges, indicating that Diclair® had no deleterious effect on these parameters.
Sesame leaves intake improve and increase epididymal spermatocytes reserve in...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Increasing concern has been expressed about the potential effects of both synthetic and natural estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs) on human reproductive health in our environment in the last decade. However, little attention is paid to histomorphometric structural changes of the epididymis. We aim to evaluate the chronic exposure effects of phytoestrogens found in aqueous extract of Sesame radiatum leaves on the male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats’ epididymes. Thirty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (2 treated and 1 control groups respectively). In the treated groups, a single daily dose of aqueous leaves extract of S. radiatum (14.0 mg/kg and 28.0 mg/kg body weight) were administered via gastric garvage, while, equal volume of normal saline was administered in control group for six weeks. Histomorphometric study of the epididymal tissues and hormonal assay were analyzed using SPSS software and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Significant (P < 0.05) body weight gain in a dose dependent was observed in all the animals. Also, there was significant weight gain in both raw weight and relative organo-somatic weight of the epididymis per 100 g body weight. However, the weight gain was more in the high dose than the low dose group. The epididymal lumen appeared wider and fuller with spermatocytes when compared to the control. There is significant (P > 0.05) increases in testosterone level compared to control, however, the low dose was also significantly lower than the control. Sesame improves the storage capacity for the spermatozoa in the epididymis in a dose related manner.
This research is carried out in order to improve the production of eggs in indigenous chicken by reducing the
inter-sequence stopped days through use of anti-prolactin agent (Bromocriptine) and serum from laying hen.
Sixty-four indigenous (deshi) chickens of 20-22 weeks of age, were randomly assigned into four groups (i, j, k
and l) and each group consisting of 16 hens. Control was designated as Group I and Bromocriptine orally at a
dose of 641μg/bird/day was used to treat group j, group k was treated with serum of laying kadhaknath hen
serum at a dose of 1 ml intramuscularly/bird/day and group l was treated with both Kadhaknath serum and
Bromocriptine at doses given to group j and k for the period of 15 March, 2019 to 16 June, 2019 and egg
production, stopped days, prolactin level, hematological parameter and egg qualities were observed. A
significant increase (p<0.05) in Egg production was noticed in all treated groups in comparison to the groups
which were in non- treated control and group k showed the highest production. All treatment groups depicted a
significant decrease (p<0.05) in stopped days and prolactin levels and lowest were observed in hens of group l.
In hematological values between the chicken group, no significant differences were noticed. The present study
reveals that combined treatment with Bromocriptine and serum from laying kadhaknath hen increases egg
production without affecting the health of indigenous chickens.
Anthelmintic activity of Punica granatum ethanol extract against paramphis...researchanimalsciences
Parasitic diseases remain a major threat to livestock production around the
world, particularly in India. Paramphistomosis caused by paramphistomes are one of
the most common and economically important diseases of livestock. The high
incidence of resistance to chemotherapeutics, toxicity and side effects has urged the
necessity of finding alternative plant
-
based anthelmintics against helminth parasites.
Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to assess the anthelmintic effect of
the rind of
Punica granatum
Ethanol Extract (
Pg
EE) against paramphistomes in
infected sheep. Infected sheep were treated orally with 30 and 50 mg/ml
concentrations of
Pg
EE. Eggs Per Gram (EPG) count on faeces, haematological and
biochemical parameters of sheep were investigated. In
Pg
EE
-
treated sheep, the egg
count reduced significantly in the faeces and the reduction was proportional to
dosage and duration after treatment. The maximum reduction (97.95 %) was
observed on day 21 post
-
treatment with 50 mg/ml concentration of
Pg
EE. In infected
sheep, the haemoglobin and protein content were below standard physiological
values. Improvement of haematobiochemical profile was observed in sheep after
treatment with
Pg
EE.
Pregnancy outcome following swim up preparation of both fresh and cryopreserv...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
This study was designed to assess the impact of swim up preparation of both fresh and cryopreserved sperm on the pregnancy outcome in a private fertility centre in Lagos. A cross-sectional prospective analysis of 34 asthenozoospermic semen samples of men whose wives were undergoing assisted reproduction was studied. The basic semen parameters comprising of the volume, count, and motility of the sperm before and after swim up preparations with pregnancy outcome were measured. For fresh semen (n = 28, mean age = 37.0 ± 1.1 years, mean volume = 2.16 ± 0.1 ml), the sperm count decreased significantly (p<0.01)><0.01)><0.01)><0.01) from 25.1 ± 4.01 to 32.8 ± 6.18%. The pregnancy outcome of cryopreserved was 30%. The pregnancy outcome was higher with fresh than the cryopreserved semen. However, the motility was a significant indicator for the successful outcome. Swim up procedure improve the motility of both cryopreserved and fresh semen with a better pregnancy outcome in this study.
1. S162
Document heading doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60224-8
The relationship between progesterone and biochemical constituents of
amniotic fluid with placenta traits in Iranian crossbred ewes (Arkhar-
Merino伊Ghezel)
Ali Olfati1
, Gholamali Moghaddam1
, Nasroallah Moradi Kor2*
, Mitra Bakhtiari3
1
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
2
Department of Reproduction Physiologies, Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Asian Pac J Trop Med 2014; 7(Suppl 1): S162-S166
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
journal homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtm
*Corresponding author: Nasroallah Moradi Kor, Department of Reproduction
Physiology, Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran.
Tel: +98-9137684047
E-mail: Moradikor.nasroallah@yahoo.com
Foundation Project: Supported by the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Higher Education Thesis Program (Grant No. 1393/
TUAS/PH03).
1. Introduction
Since profitability in the farm animals industry is
dependent upon efficiency of production characteristics
such as growth and development after birth, the precursor
of efficiency, namely, fetal growth, which must be optimal.
There is little information available on the reproductive
characteristics of crossbred ewes particularly regarding
amniotic fluid (AF) composition. The study of biochemical
profiles both in maternal serum and AF is a useful tool
for pregnancy diagnosis and the status of growing fetus.
Blood biochemical evaluation plays an important role
in diagnosis of diseases[1]. Knowledge on biochemical
and hormonal constituents of AF can also provide useful
information about the requirements for fetus, fetal growth
and maturation. Moreover, such information may be used
as a provisional guide for formulating suitable culturing
media for in vitro cell culturing and oocyte maturation in a
particular species[2,3]. Progesterone can be used to monitor
the pregnancy status and timing of embryonic loss, as in
pregnant animals, progesterone concentrations remain
elevated throughout gestation[4]. Many of the circulatory
and transport properties of the ewe’s placenta are similar
to those of the human placenta and as such, the pregnant
sheep offers an excellent model to study the development of
AF. However, studies in sheep showed that the composition
of AF in early pregnancy (22-44 d) also changed[5]. This
change in composition may reflect changing metabolic
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the values of amniotic fluid (AF) progesterone and biochemical
constituents and its associated placenta traits in Iranian crossbred ewes (Arkhar-Merino×Ghezel).
Methods: Sixty ewes (2-5 years old, weighing 40-50 kg) were treated with controlled internal
drug release induced 30 mg progesterone for 14 d and were injected with 400 IU pregnant mare
serum gonadotropin at the time of CIDR withdrawal. After the detection of estrus, ewes were
hand-mated. After expelling of each fetus accompanied by fetal membranes, 10 mL AF was taken
from fetal sac for spectrophotometer methods (glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, cholesterol,
triglycerides, calcium and phosphorus) and radioimmunoassay (progesterone) analysis.
Results: Results indicated that there were highly positive correlations between placental
efficiency and cotyledon density (r=0.764, P<0.01), and negative correlation between placental
weight (PW) with the total volume amniotic fluid (TVAF) (r=-0.872, P<0.01). A positive relationship
was calculated between TVAF with total protein and creatinine (r=0.418, P<0.01 and r=0.639,
P<0.05, respectively). However, the correlation between the glucose and PW, cotyledon length and
calcium were significantly positive (r=0.704 and r=0.712; P<0.01, respectively). The findings of this
study demonstrated that there were no relationships between progesterone concentrations and
placental traits (P>0.01), except for PW (r=0.665).
Conclusions: In conclusion, the significant correlation between the AF biochemical and
progesterone with placental traits for the above-mentioned metabolites suggests that metabolic
changes in AF levels will reflect the condition in the AF.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Article history:
Received 27 May 2014
Received in revised form 28 Jun 2014
Accepted 15 Jul 2014
Available online 20 Aug 2014
Keywords:
Biochemical
Crossbred ewes
Amniotic fluid
Placenta traits
Progesterone
2. Ali Olfati et al./Asian Pac J Trop Med 2014; 7(Suppl 1): S162-S166
S163
and transport activities as well as alteration in the relative
contribution of the fetal and placental tissues to the
amniotic and allantoic compartments. AF is important
for physiologic exchanges between fetal and maternal
tissues, so it is necessary for the efficient handling of fetal
waste products and preventing mechanical shock to the
developing fetus during entire gestation[6]. The allantoic
sac is considered traditionally and mainly as a reservoir for
fetal wastes, however, recent investigations with pigs have
shown that allantoic sac played an important role in the
accumulation of nutrients and metabolism of some factors
like uteroferrin and iron, suggesting a hitherto unrecognized
function of the allantoic sac in fetal nutrition[7]. In contrast,
AF provides a unique aqueous environment in which the
fetus develops symmetrically[8]. When it is swallowed,
amniotic fluid is a significant source of nutrients for the
fetus[9]. Survival of a newborn is affected especially by
sufficiency of the placenta[10]. A big focus has been on the
relationship between weight of placenta and birth weight
of newborn[11,12]. Before focusing on possible effects of
metabolic changes on follicle and oocyte quality, it is
necessary to determine physiological concentrations of the
most common metabolites in AF and to investigate to what
extent the AF levels and placental traits are correlated. There
is no study on placental traits in Iranian crossbred ewes.
Therefore, the main aims of this study were to determine (1)
the progesterone and biochemical constituents of AF at the
time of parturition and (2) relationships between progesterone
and biochemical composition of AF with placental traits in
Iranian crossbred ewes.
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Hormonal drugs
Controlled internal drug release (CIDR) with 30 mg of
progesterone, a progestagen analogue (InterAg, Hamilton,
New-Zealand), pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin
(Folligon; Intervet International B.V., Boxmeer, the
Netherlands) and commercially available kits (Pars Azmon,
Karaj, Iran) were purchased from Intervet Drug Industry
(Tehran, Iran).
2.2. Location and animals
This study was performed at Animal Reproduction
Laboratory of Tabriz University, Tabriz Province, Iran
(38°07’ N and 46°29’ E) from June to December 2013. Ambient
temperature during the experiment ranged from 20 °C to 24 °C
with annual rainfall in this region ranges from 226 mm to 250
mm. Sixty Iranian crossbred ewes (Arkhar-Merino×Ghezel,
2-5 years old, weighing 40-50 kg) were treated with CIDR
for 14 d and were injected with 400 IU pregnant mare serum
gonadotrophin at the time of CIDR withdrawal. After the
detection of estrus, ewes were hand-mated.
2.3. Data collection
Pregnant ewes were placed in an individual birth box
around their estimated parturition date. Placenta were
collected immediately after delivery and weighed fresh
on digital scales and the placental weight (PW) and
cotyledon number (CN) were measured and recorded.
Placental efficiency (PE) was defined as the ratio of total
birth weight (g) to placental weight (g). Cotyledon length
(CL), cotyledon depth (CD) and cotyledon width (CW) were
measured with an electronic digital caliper by randomly
selecting ten cotyledons from each placenta. Total volume
of amniotic fluid (TVAF) was measured using a graduated
cylinder. The AF were collected by disposable syringes
(10 mL) and stored in labeled plastic tubes at -20 °C until
biochemical and progesterone analysis. In the laboratory,
these samples were centrifuged at 4 000 r/min for 10 min at
approximately 22 °C to remove cellular debris, and stored
at -20 °C for later analyses. The AF samples were analyzed
for various metabolites (glucose, urea, creatinine, total
protein, cholesterol, and triglycerides) and ions (calcium,
phosphorus) by using commercially available kits by
spectrophotometric method on an auto analyzer (RA-
1000, Technicon) and radioimmunoassay (progesterone)
analysis. Standard commercial kits were used for analysis
and the procedures were adopted as recommended by the
manufacturer of these kits.
2.4. Statistical analysis
Statistical analyses of the data were done with SAS
software[13]. The mean依SE for progesterone concentrations
and various biochemical constituents of AF were
calculated. To see the magnitude of gestation age variation
in progesterone concentrations and various biochemical
constituents of AF, the data were subjected to One-
way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance between
means was tested using Duncan’s multiple range tests.
To determine the relationship between progesterone and
various biochemical constituents and placental traits
Pearson correlation was used for continuous data.
3. Results
The mean, standard error of mean, and range of the
progesterone and various biochemical constituents and
placental traits in the AF, are shown in Tables 1 and
2. Correlations between the concentrations of various
biochemical and placental traits are presented in Table 3.
The results of this study indicated that there were highly
positive correlations between PE and CD (r=0.764, P<0.01,
Table 3). A significantly negative correlation was calculated
for the PW and the TVAF (r=-0.872, P<0.01, Table 3). The
correlations between various biochemicals and placental
traits are presented in Table 4. A positive relationship was
calculated between TVAF with total protein and creatinine
(r=0.418, P<0.01 and r=0.639, P<0.05, respectively, Table
4). However, the correlation between the glucose and PW,
CL and calcium were significantly positive (r=0.704 and
r=0.712, P<0.01, respectively, Table 4). Other biochemical
(urea, cholesterol, triglycerides and phosphorus) studied
3. Ali Olfati et al./Asian Pac J Trop Med 2014; 7(Suppl 1): S162-S166S164
were not significantly correlated with placental traits sheep
(Table 4).
Table 1
Descriptive statistics of placental traits in Iranian crossbred ewes.
Placental trait Mean依SD Minimum Maximum
Placental weight (g) 439.3依241.7 107.00 1 132.00
Cotyledon number 72.80依19.62 23.00 141.00
Placental efficiency 10.60依3.06 4.90 29.60
Cotyledon length (mm) 23.41依2.03 18.69 31.03
Cotyledon depth (mm) 7.85依0.61 5.47 11.20
Cotyledon width (mm) 16.36依1.05 12.23 21.07
Total volume of amniotic fluid (mL) 857.00依98.23 722.00 1 028.00
Table 2
Descriptive statistics of progesterone and biochemical constituents in AF in
Iranian crossbred ewes.
Biochemical constituent Mean依SD Minimum Maximum
Glucose (mg/dL) 2.62依0.19 0.23 4.41
Urea (mg/dL) 78.1依17.44 62.36 88.10
Creatinine (mg/dL) 11.69依3.23 9.67 16.77
Total protein (gr/dL) 1.01依0.11 0.84 1.49
Vholesterol (mg/dL) 2.95依0.87 2.15 4.35
Triglycerides (mg/dL) 0.79依0.07 0.45 1.12
Calcium (mg/dL) 3.34依1.08 2.12 5.17
Phosphorus (mg/dL) 3.98依1.12 3.07 4.78
Progesterone (ng/mL) 1.19依0.48 0.72 1.33
Correlations between the progesterone concentrations
and placental traits are presented in Table 5. Generally,
low levels of progesterone were detected in AF of Iranian
crossbred ewes. The findings of this study demonstrated
that there were no relationships between progesterone
concentrations and placental traits (P>0.01), except for PW
(r=0.665, Table 5).
Table 3
Correlation coefficients of placental traits in Iranian crossbred ewes.
Placental trait PW (g) CN PE CL (mm) CD (mm) CW (mm) TVAF (mL)
PW 0.232 0.125 -0.158 0.089 0.170 -0.872
*
CN 0.015 0.315 0.114 0.078 -0.258
PE 0.099 0.764
**
0.212 0.025
CL 0.145 -0.231 0.156
CD 0.346 0.256
CW -0.214
PW: Placental weight; CN: Cotyledon number; PE: Placental efficiency; CL:
Cotyledon length; CD: Cotyledon depth; CW: Cotyledon width; TVAF: Total
volume of amniotic fluid. *
: P<0.05, **
: P<0.01.
Table 4
Correlation coefficients between various biochemical’s and placental traits in
Iranian crossbred ewes.
Biochemicals PW CN PE CL CD CW TVAF
Glucose 0.704
**
0.061 -0.150 0.006 0.255 0.055 0.310
Urea -0.071 0.265 0.143 0.153 0.105 0.083 -0.211
Creatinine 0.213 -0.159 0.032 0.058 0.277 -0.140 0.639
*
Total protein 0.315 -0.221 0.425 0.035 -0.378 0.112 0.418
**
Cholesterol 0.314 0.012 3 0.104 -0.255 0.301 0.221 0.157
Triglycerides 0.209 0.109 0.088 -0.273 0.351 0.120 0.346
Calcium 0.104 0.251 -0.028 0.712
**
0.055 -0.310 0.312
Phosphorus 0.123 -0.258 0.036 0.089 0.201 0.307 0.002
PW: Placental weight; CN: Cotyledon number; PE: Placental efficiency; CL:
Cotyledon length; CD: Cotyledon depth; CW: Cotyledon width; TVAF: Total
volume of amniotic fluid. *
: P<0.05, **
: P<0.01.
Table 5
Correlation coefficients of between progesterone concentration in AF and
placental traits in Iranian crossbred ewes.
PW CN PE CL CD CW TVAF
Progesterone conc. 0.665
**
0.305 -0.154 0.223 0.012 0.401 0.109
PW: Placental weight; CN: Cotyledon number; PE: Placental efficiency; CL:
Cotyledon length; CD: Cotyledon depth; CW: Cotyledon width; TVAF: Total
volume of amniotic fluid. **
: P<0.01.
4. Discussion
Parturition is the physiological process by which the
pregnant uterus delivers the fetus/fetuses and placenta from
the mother. In mammalians, the foetus is surrounded by
amnion and allantois which establish a perfect water and
biochemical balance. This study for the first time describes
the relationship between progesterone and biochemical
constituents of AF with placental traits in Iranian crossbred
ewes (Arkhar-Merino×Ghezel) in northwest of Iran.
Since the placenta is known to produce progesterone,
it is pertinent to examine the role of these hormones in
AF. Progesterone is a hormone which regulates various
reproductive functions. Progesterone plays a key role in
regulating the length of estrous cycle and implantation
of blastocysts[14]. The findings of this study demonstrated
that there were no relationships between progesterone
concentrations and placental traits (P>0.01), except for
PW (r=-0.665). Strong relations between progesterone
concentration and PW was observed. It seems that increase in
PW led to prolonged duration of secretion progesterone from
AF. Our data demonstrated for the first time that progesterone
concentrations were correlated with PW. In addition,
since abnormal corpora lutea is associated with either low
progesterone concentrations, or normal values for a shortened
period, AF progesterone concentrations may also be used to
examine luteal function in livestock. Bazer et al. indicate
that the placenta ovine is contributing significantly to the
concentrations of the sex steroids in AF and in plasma from
the ovarian and uterine veins, and general circulation[15].
Therefore, it is important to understand the progesterone
interaction that happens in the AF of the ewe during oestrus
cycle, pregnancy, parturition and postpartum in breeding and
non-breeding seasons.
The results of this study demonstrated that PE also
correlated positively with CD (r=0.764, P<0.01), which is
similar to the observations by other investigators[16,17].
Uterine capacity is described by the total placental mass
which a female can carry to term[18]. PE was developed as an
indicator of uterine capacity[19]. PE has been used commonly
for livestock species, which produce larger birth type, such
as pig and sheep[20,21]. Osgerby et al. stated that nutrient
deprivation during the pregnancy led to a decrease in fetal
and PW but an increase in PE[22]. Konyali et al. suggested
that small placentas are more efficient than large placenta
in Turkish Saanen goats[23], and probably large placenta
require more nutrients[20,21]. Konyali et al. also suggested that
placental traits were affected by the birth type rather than
the sex of the kids[23]. Nowak et al. suggested the existence
of paternal genetic affected placental traits in domestic
4. Ali Olfati et al./Asian Pac J Trop Med 2014; 7(Suppl 1): S162-S166
S165
animals[24].
The placenta is a multifaceted organ that plays critical
roles in maintaining and protecting the developing fetus[25].
Interestingly, PW had a highly significant negative correlation
with TVAF (r=-0.872, P<0.01). Thus, placental growth
precedes fetal growth because the fetus requires a functional
placenta for obtaining nutrients and gases for its growth and
development. However, the majority of placental growth, at
least in terms of PW, occurs during the first two-thirds of
pregnancy, and the placenta achieves its maximum weight
by day 90 in sheep[17]. Thus, the fetus has obtained only 10%
of its eventual birth weight by the time when the placenta
has reached its maximum size. The size and nutrient transfer
capacity of the placenta play a central role in determining
the prenatal growth trajectory of the fetus and hence directly
influences birth weight[26].
A broad knowledge of concentration of constituents in AF is
of the utmost importance in understanding fetal metabolism
and identifying pathological conditions during pregnancy[27].
The concentration of constituents in allantoic compartments is
influenced by the exchange through the placenta, metabolic
products of the fetus, fetal urine formation and fluid flow
through the urachus or urethra and fetal secretions from lung
and salivary glands[28].
Because there is little information on correlation coefficients
between various electrolytes and placental traits, one can
only speculate on the significance of these electrolytes on
growth and viability of ewe’s fetus. However, the correlation
between the glucose and PW was significantly positive
(r=0.704, P<0.01). Glucose plays an important role in fetal
metabolism because it is one the major energy source for the
embryo, maybe metabolized by the AF through the anaerobic
pathways, leading to lactate formation. Albuquerque et
al. showed that, as for AF (human and ovine), changes in
volume and content of glucose in AF were associated with
changes in electrolytes and their ratios[29]. Reddy et al.
performed biochemical studies in ewe AF at different stages of
pregnancy, obtaining significant differences in mean levels of
glucose[30]. They concluded that decreased glucose levels at
the end of pregnancy might have been caused by fetal intake
of glucose due to the development of the fetal swallowing
reflex. Serum biochemical parameters varies widely and
preferably glucose and urea individually or in combination
are the useful parameters in diagnosis of physiological and
pathological condition in ewes[31].
Despite intensive studies on facilitative protein transporters,
little is known about functional protein in AF livestock. The
results of this paper have demonstrated repeatedly that a
positive relationship was calculated between TVAF with total
protein and creatinine (r=0.418, P<0.01). Protein is due to
the important role of proteins in regulation of growth and
differentiation[31]. However, the AF proteins are regarded as
nutritional status indicators of normal fetal growth[32]. In a
recent study, Florida native ewes were investigated and it
was found that placental cotyledons, formed placentomes
critical for the exchange of micronutrients (e.g., amino
acids, glucose), as well as gases between the conceptus and
maternal system[15]. AF proteins were apparently derived
from both maternal and foetal sources. The maternal
contribution was principally the globulin fraction, while the
fetus contributed prealbumin, albumin, fetoprotein and sex
hormone binding globulin[33]. According to Reddy et al., the
lower concentration of AF total protein could be attributed
to the absence of the fibrinogen and other proteins due to
foetal immunity[30]. The foetus synthesized all its proteins
from the amino acids derived from the mother, proteins
were used mainly for synthesis rather than oxidation or
gluconeogenesis[34]. Therefore, understanding the normal
values of various biochemicals could be the useful indicator
in determination of the physiological aspects in nonpregnant
or pregnant ewes. Ocak et al. reported that AF composition
in mammals is influenced by the excretion of fetal urine and
that changes in the concentration of many components during
late pregnancy may reflect fetal metabolic activity[17].
A highly positive correlation was showed between TVAF
and creatinine (r=0.639, P<0.05). Creatinine is an indicator
of muscle mass as well as renal function[35]. And also
glomerular filtration in the fetal kidney can be assessed by
the concentrations of creatinine and urea in AF[36]. Anitha
and Thangavel reported that in Madras Red breed of ewes, as
gestation advanced, the level of creatinine AF raised, which
might indicate increased protein metabolism in the fetus[33].
Also a highly positive correlation was observed between CL
and calcium (r=0.712, P<0.01). Calcium plays an important
role in gonadotrophin regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis
and ovulation. Also calcium and phosphorus are important in
the development of the fetal skeleton. Tabatabaei and Mamoei
have demonstrated that it would be expected that the fetus,
in conserving them (Ca2+
and P
+
), would excrete very little into
the AF[8]. The various ions could help the mitosis of the fetal
cells through the formation of thrombin, a potent mitogen.
In conclusion, understanding relationship between
progesterone and biochemical constituents of AF with
placenta traits during parturition is an important determinant
of pregnancy outcome, and ultimately, life-long health and
productivity of an individual. In conclusion, the significant
correlation between the AF biochemical and progesterone
with placental traits for the above-mentioned metabolites
suggests that metabolic changes in AF levels will reflect the
condition in AF. The authors of this paper suggested that
further study on the correlation among AF, placental traits
and postnatal behavior in farm animals industry is required
not just on the ewes but also on their lambs. This could have
a significant effect on how producers manage and maximize
lamb survivability and profitability. Also, further research
should focus on the collection of AF by the laparoscopic
technique from live ewes for the composition of the AF,
especially the multifarious enzyme concentrations.
Conflict of interest statement
We declare that we have no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. N. Pirany and
5. Ali Olfati et al./Asian Pac J Trop Med 2014; 7(Suppl 1): S162-S166S166
Dr. S.A. Rafat, Dr. M.M. Moeini and F. Hozhabri for their
help and collaboration in this work. This work is supported
by the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Tabriz, with the grant No. 1393/TUAS/PH03 of
Higher Education Thesis Program.
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