The document summarizes the original design philosophy of the TCP/IP protocols that were developed by DARPA in the 1970s and 1980s. The fundamental goal was to develop a technique for multiplexing existing networks using packet switching. Key aspects of the design included ensuring communication could continue despite network or gateway failures, supporting multiple service types, and accommodating different network varieties. Other goals were distributed management, cost effectiveness, and accountability. The architecture used a layered approach with datagrams and TCP, where datagrams provided flexibility and assumed minimal requirements of networks.

1. “The Design Philosophy of the DARPA
Internet Protocols”
- David D. Clark, 1988
Presented By:
Yansi Keim, Sonali Tyagi
0302052015, 03102052015
M.Tech, 1st Semester
Information Security Management
Presented To:
Mr. Vivekanand Jha
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Computer Science and
Engineering
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2. D.A.R.P.A.
Defense Advanced
Research Projects
Agency
Contents
1. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH PAPER
2. Introduction
3. Fundamental Goal
4. Second Level Goals
5. Survivability in the Face of Failure
6. Types of Services
7. Varieties of Networks
8. Other Goals
9. Architecture and Implementation
10. Datagrams
11. TCP
12. Conclusion
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3. The research paper attempts to describe the Internet
Protocol Suite, i.e. TCP/IP as why it is like that?
The paper catalogs the original objective of the Internet
Architecture.
Objective of Research Paper
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4. D.A.R.P.A.
Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency
Contents
1. Objective of Research Paper
2. INTRODUCTION
3. Fundamental Goal
4. Second Level Goals
5. Survivability in the Face of Failure
6. Types of Services
7. Varieties of Networks
8. Other Goals
9. Architecture and Implementation
10. Datagrams
11. TCP
12. Conclusion
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5. Introduction
 TCP/IP, introduced 15 years ago by DARPA, by U.S.
Department of Defense has been used extensively in military
and commercial systems.
 TCP/IP are now standards for internetworking have influenced
ISO protocols.
 A new extension challenges the existing design principles.
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6. D.A.R.P.A.
DEFENSE ADVANCED
RESEARCH PROJECTS
AGENCY
Contents
1. Objective of Research Paper
2. Introduction
4. Second Level Goals
5. Survivability in the Face of Failure
6. Types of Services
7. Varieties of Networks
8. Other Goals
9. Architecture and Implementation
10. Datagrams
11. TCP
12. Conclusion
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7. Fundamental Goal of DARPA
 To develop an effective technique for multiplexed utilization of existing
interconnecting networks.
 Technique for Multiplexing: Packet Switching.
 Technique for Interconnecting: Store and Forward Packet Switching.
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Fundamental Structure of DARPA
 A packet switched communication in which number of
networks are connected together using gateways which
implements store and forward algorithm.

8. D.A.R.P.A.
Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency
Contents
1. Objective of Research Paper
2. Introduction
3. Fundamental goal
5. Survivability in the Face of Failure
6. Types of Services
7. Verities of Networks
8. Other Goals
9. Architecture and Implementation
10. Datagrams
11. TCP
12. Conclusion
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9. Second Level Goals
 1. Internet communication must continue despite loss
of n/w or gateways.
2.Must support multiple types of communication
services.
3. Must accommodate a variety of n/w
4. distributed management of its resources.
5. cost effective
6. permit host attachment with low level of effort.
7.resources must be accountable.
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10. D.A.R.P.A.
Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency
Contents
1. Objective of Research Paper
2. Introduction
3. Fundamental goal
4. Second level goals
5. SURVIVABILITY IN THE FACE OF FAILURE
6. Types of Services
7. Varieties of Networks
8. Other Goals
9. Architecture and Implementation
10. Datagrams
11. TCP
12. Conclusion
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11. SURVIVABILITY IN THE FACE OF FAILURE
 Communication b/w two entities should never lost.
 Synchronization should be there
 to achieve Synchronization State Of Info must be protected.
 SOI is no. of packets transmitted, no. of packets acknowledge.
 In some n/w SOI is stored in intermediate packet switching nodes.
 Fate sharing : take info and gather it at the end point of the net.
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12. D.A.R.P.A.
DEFENSE ADVANCED
RESEARCH
PROJECTS AGENCY
CONTENTS
1. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH PAPER
2. INTRODUCTION
3. FUNDAMENTAL GOAL
4. SECOND LEVEL GOALS
5. SURVIVABILITY IN THE FACE OF FAILURE
6.TYPES OF SERVICES
7. VARIETIES OF NETWORKS
8. OTHER GOALS
9. ARCHITECTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION
10.DATAGRAMS
11.TCP
12.CONCLUSION
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13. TYPES OF SERVICES
 Traditional types of service is bi-directional reliable delivery of
data. Also sometimes called as “Virtual Circuit” served through
TCP.
 Initially TCP was thought to have supported full range of services,
but later it was found too difficult to accommodate all in one
protocol.
 Those services failing to incorporate are XNET, Delivery of
Digitized Speech.
 Thus it was early decided, more than one transport service
would be required.
 TCP and IP, separated into two layers.
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14. D.A.R.P.A.
Defense Advanced
Research Projects
Agency
Contents
1. Objective of Research Paper
2. Introduction
3. Fundamental goal
4. Second level goals
5. Survivability in the Face of Failure
6. Types of services
7. VARIETIES OF NETWORKS
8. Other Goals
9. Architecture and Implementation
10. Datagrams
11. TCP
12. Conclusion
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15. Varieties of Networks
 The internet architecture has operated including long haul
nets (Ethernet, ringnet, etc.), broadcast satellite nets (the
DARPA Atlantic Satellite Network) and packet radio networks.
 This flexibility is achieved due to minimum set of assumptions
network will provide.
 No. of services are not explicitly mentioned as it will be an
undesirable approach.
 Hence, engineering must be done once through TCP.
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16. D.A.R.P.A.
Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency
Contents
1. Objective of Research Paper
2. Introduction
3. Fundamental goal
4. Second level goals
5. Survivability in the Face of Failure
6. Types of services
7. Varieties of networks
8. OTHER GOALS
9. Architecture and Implementation
10. Datagrams
11. TCP
12. Conclusion
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17. Other Goals
 Distributed management of the internet.
 Lack of sufficient tools for distributed management.
 Internet Architecture doesn’t produce cost effectiveness.
 Retransmission of Lost Packets.
 Problem arising from the use of host resident mechanism.
 Goal of accountability.
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18. D.A.R.P.A.
DEFENSE ADVANCED
RESEARCH
PROJECTS AGENCY
CONTENTS
1. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH PAPER
2. INTRODUCTION
3. FUNDAMENTAL GOAL
4. SECOND LEVEL GOALS
5. SURVIVABILITY IN THE FACE OF FAILURE
6. TYPES OF SERVICES
7. VARIETIES OF NETWORKS
8. OTHER GOALS
9. ARCHITECTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION
10.DATAGRAMS
11.TCP
12.CONCLUSION
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19. ARCHITECTURE AND
IMPLEMENTATION
• Flexibility in the different services.
• Relationship between Architecture and Performance is extremely
challenging.
• The other class of design aid is simulator.
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20. D.A.R.P.A.
Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency
Contents
1. Objective of Research Paper
2. Introduction
3. Fundamental goal
4. Second level goals
5. Survivability in the Face of Failure
6. Types of services
7. Varieties of networks
8. Other Goals
9. Architecture and Implementation
10.DATAGRAMS
11. TCP
12. Conclusion
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21. DATAGRAMS
Internet fundamentally uses datagrams which is transported
across the network.
Why Datagram?
Reason 1: They eliminate the need for connection state within
the intermediate nodes.
Reason 2: The provide the variety of types of services.
Reason 3: It assumes minimum assumption, thus enabling wide
variety of networks to be incorporated.
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22. D.A.R.P.A.
Defense Advanced
Research Projects
Agency
Contents
1. Objective of Research Paper
2. Introduction
3. Fundamental goal
4. Second level goals
5. Survivability in the Face of Failure
6. Types of services
7. Varieties of networks
8. Other Goals
9. Architecture and Implementation
10. Datagrams
12. Conclusion
Copyright @ IGDTUW

23. CONCLUSION
 The protocols are widely used in the commercial and military
environment.
 At the same time, we felt that priorities of the designer do not match the
needs of the actual users.
 More attention must be paid to accounting, resource management and
operations of regions with separate administrations are needed.
 Also, there may be a better building block than the datagram for the next
generation of architecture.
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24. THANKING
YOU Yansi Keim
Sonali Tyagi